• Because of its origin as the C-terminal end of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase, it is called "telokin" (from a combination of the Greek telos, "end" and kinase). (wikipedia.org)
  • A cell-specific promoter located in an intron of the smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase gene directs transcription of telokin exclusively in smooth muscle cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Telokin is transcribed from a second promoter, located within an intron, in the 3' region of the MLCK gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme has a pH optimum of 7.4 and temperature optimum of 30 °C. Telokin is an acidic protein with a PI value of 4-5 and 17-kDa with an amino acid sequence that is identical to the C terminus of the 130-kDa myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), although it is expressed as a separate protein and produced by an alternate promoter of the MLCK gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transgenic mice were generated in which a 310-bp rabbit telokin promoter fragment, extending from -163 to +147, was used to drive expression of simian virus 40 large T antigen. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Telokin expression levels correlate with the estrogen status of human myometrial tissues, suggesting that deletion of an estrogen response element (ERE) may account for the low levels of transgene expression driven by the 310-bp rabbit telokin promoter in uterine smooth muscle. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These data demonstrate that in addition to a minimal 310-bp proximal promoter at least one distal cis-acting regulatory element is required for telokin expression in uterine smooth muscle. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The gene MYLK, a muscle member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, encodes myosin light chain kinase which is a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primary structure Telokin is an intracellular protein and, as such, does not contain the disulfide linkage between beta-strands B and F normally observed in the immunoglobulin constant domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Domains Telokin has a particular domain called Ig-like I-type (Immunoglobulin like intermediate type) with a length of 92 residues between 42 and 133. (wikipedia.org)
  • The basic structure of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules is a tetramer of two light chains and two heavy chains linked by disulphide bonds. (embl.de)
  • The major mechanism for initiating smooth muscle (SM)2 contraction is the rise in Ca2+ concentration resulting in an increase in 20-kDa myosin regulatory light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation at Ser-19. (wikipedia.org)
  • Smooth muscle-specific expression of the T-antigen transgene paralleled that of the endogenous telokin gene in all smooth muscle tissues except uterus. (elsevierpure.com)
  • There are two types of light chains: kappa and lambda, each composed of a constant domain (CL) and a variable domain (VL). (embl.de)
  • Telokin may play a role in the stabilization of unphosphorylated smooth-muscle myosin filaments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Telokin has been shown to bind to unphosphorylated myosin filaments and to stimulate myosin mini-filament assembly in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • Smooth muscle myosin in the dephosphorylated state does not form filaments in vitro. (silverchair.com)
  • However, thick filaments, which are composed of myosin and myosin-binding protein(s), persist in smooth muscle cells, even if myosin is subjected to the phosphorylation- dephosphorylation cycle. (silverchair.com)
  • The effect of the myosin-binding activity was to assemble dephosphorylated myosin into filaments, although it had no effect on the phosphorylated myosin. (silverchair.com)
  • Telokin (also known as kinase-related protein or KRP) is an abundant protein found in smooth-muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The two transcripts that produce the two telokin isoforms are the following: Isoform 7 This variant encodes the shorter isoform of kinase related protein, telokin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isoform 8 This variant encodes the longer isoform of kinase related protein, telokin. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme has a pH optimum of 7.4 and temperature optimum of 30 °C. Telokin is an acidic protein with a PI value of 4-5 and 17-kDa with an amino acid sequence that is identical to the C terminus of the 130-kDa myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), although it is expressed as a separate protein and produced by an alternate promoter of the MLCK gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primary structure Telokin is an intracellular protein and, as such, does not contain the disulfide linkage between beta-strands B and F normally observed in the immunoglobulin constant domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Telokin and the C-terminal domain of MLCK show amino acid sequence similarity to several quite unrelated muscle proteins such as titin or C-protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The p.R1480X mutation leads to a truncated protein lacking the kinase and calmodulin binding domains, and p.S1759P alters amino acids in the α-helix of the calmodulin binding sequence, which disrupts kinase binding to calmodulin and reduces kinase activity in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • The characterization of telokin as a myosin-assembling protein successfully explained the discrepancy. (silverchair.com)
  • The 38k protein bound to both phosphorylated and dephosphorylated myosin to a similar extent. (silverchair.com)
  • The gene MYLK, a muscle member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, encodes myosin light chain kinase which is a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • It comes from the Homo sapiens myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), transcript variant 7, mRNA, whose length is 2676 bp. (wikipedia.org)
  • To investigate whether mutations in the kinase that controls SMC contractile function (myosin light chain kinase [MYLK]) cause FTAAD, we sequenced MYLK by using DNA from 193 affected probands from unrelated FTAAD families. (nih.gov)
  • Telokin is transcribed from a second promoter, located within an intron, in the 3' region of the MLCK gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • And that is why the concentration of telokin (at least 15 μM) is higher than MLCK concentration. (wikipedia.org)
  • MLCK, myosin light chain kinase. (silverchair.com)
  • Four transcript variants that produce four isoforms of the calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme have been identified as well as two transcripts that produce two isoforms of telokin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations in smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific isoforms of α-actin and β-myosin heavy chain, two major components of the SMC contractile unit, cause familial thoracic aortic aneurysms leading to acute aortic dissections (FTAAD). (nih.gov)
  • All isoforms including Telokin bind calmodulin. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Because of its origin as the C-terminal end of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase, it is called "telokin" (from a combination of the Greek telos, "end" and kinase). (wikipedia.org)
  • The 20-kDa light chain from smooth muscle myosin is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors, but more slowly. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, smooth muscle cells that are devoid of telokin have been observed. (silverchair.com)
  • The Km values of homo sapiens telokin is 0.018 mM at 23-25 °C and pH = 7.5. (wikipedia.org)
  • The overall molecular fold of telokin consists of seven strands of antiparallel beta-pleated sheet that wrap around to form a barrel. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cellular mechanisms governing non-muscle myosin II (NM2) filament assembly are largely unknown. (nih.gov)
  • Secondary structure Telokin contains 154 amino acid residues, 103 of which were visible in the electron density map. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also regulates actin-myosin interaction through a non-kinase activity. (icr.ac.uk)
  • There are five types of heavy chains: alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma and mu, all consisting of a variable domain (VH) and three (in alpha, delta and gamma) or four (in epsilon and mu) constant domains (CH1 to CH4). (embl.de)
  • 213. Design considerations in coiled-coil fusion constructs for the structural determination of a problematic region of the human cardiac myosin rod. (wisc.edu)
  • There are two types of light chains: kappa and lambda, each composed of a constant domain (CL) and a variable domain (VL). (embl.de)