Myosin ii regulatory light chain myosin light chain kinase. Medical search. Frequent questions

The vanadate (Vi)-mediated photocleavage reaction was used to study the interaction between the regulatory segment and the catalytic site of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). (go.jp)
When MLCK was irradiated with long-wave UV (366 nm) in the presence of ADP and Vi, kinase activity was substantially decreased, and the MLCK polypeptide of 130 kDa was cleaved into several smaller fragments with apparent molecular masses of 100, 70, 60, 32, and 28 kDa. (go.jp)
Inconsistency between the observed maximum levels of UV-induced inhibition of MLCK-mediated phosphorylation (80%) and photocleavage (15-20%) suggested that the photocleavage reaction proceeds as a two-step process. (go.jp)
Monoclonal antibodies recognizing the C-terminus of MLCK labeled the 60- and 28-kDa fragments, indicating that MLCK was cleaved at two sites, at 28 and 60 kDa from the C-terminus, within what are believed to be the autoinhibitory region and the catalytic site, respectively. (go.jp)
These results suggest that the three-dimensional structure of MLCK brings the regulatory segment into direct contact with the ATP-binding site. (go.jp)
MYL9 exerts regulatory functions through two major systems: the Rho-kinase ( ROCK ) system and the myosin light chain kinase ( MLCK ) system. (cusabio.com)
MLC is usually phosphorylated at its Ser19 and/or Thr18 residues by MLC kinase (MLCK) which is a (Ca2+-calmodulin)-dependent kinase [7]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Two selective inhibitors of MLC kinase (MLCK), ML-9 and KT5926, as well as a calmodulin antagonist (W7), which would also inhibit MLCK activation, all induce astrocytic process growth implicating MLCK as a control point in process initiation. (rupress.org)
The phospho-myosin light chain (p-MLC), phospho-myosin light chain kinase (p-MLCK), and phospho-myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (p-MYPT1) levels in the bladder were examined using Western blot. (hindawi.com)
The function of striated or smooth muscle is regulated by the balance of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and MLCP activity. (hindawi.com)
The phosphorylation of smooth muscle regulatory light chain by MLCK is the basic requirement for smooth muscle contraction and hollow organ physiological activities [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
1988). Kinases responsible for the phosphorylation include myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), ROCK kinase, citron kinase, myotonic dystrophy kinase-related CDC42-binding protein kinase, and Zipper-interacting protein (ZIP) kinase. (reactome.org)

Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT) 2, a subunit of MP, interacts with protein phosphatase 1c to regulate its phosphatase activity. (bvsalud.org)
This was associated with higher ROK-dependent phosphorylation of the regulatory subunit of myosin light-chain-phosphatase (MLCP), MYPT1-T853. (bvsalud.org)
The predominant MLC phosphatase found in cardiac myocytes contains Myosin Phosphatase Targeting Subunit 2 (MYPT2). (bvsalud.org)
Investigations in the last decade notably of easy muscle cells have unraveled the molecular GSK690693 aspects related to the regulation of MLCP [11 12 It is now known that MLCP is usually a complex of GSK690693 three subunits: a regulatory/myosin binding subunit (MYPT1) a catalytic subunit (PP1cδ) and M20 [12]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
PubMed]Kawano Y, Fukata Y, Oshiro D, Amano Meters, Nakamura Testosterone levels, Ito Meters, Matsumura Y, Inagaki Meters, Kaibuchi T. Phosphorylation of myosin-binding subunit (MBS) of myosin phosphatase by Rho-kinase in vivo. (opioid-receptors.com)
PMC free of charge content] [PubMed]Mabuchi T, Gong BJ, Langsetmo T, Ito Meters, Nakano T, Tao T. Isoforms of the small non-catalytic subunit of easy muscle myosin light chain phosphatase. (opioid-receptors.com)
PI3K complex consists of catalytic subunit p110s and regulatory subunit p85s. (biomedcentral.com)
chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 2 [S. (gsea-msigdb.org)
A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is composed of the calcineurin A catalytic subunit and the calcineurin B regulatory subunit. (bvsalud.org)

Inhibition of Aurora B due to loss of topoisomerase II seems to depend on BubR1 activity (see below). (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition of kinase activity and photocleavage were both competitively antagonized by the addition of ATP. (go.jp)
Rho-kinase (ROK) inhibition resulted in a greater decrease in Ca 2+ and depolarization-induced tone in h-RA than in h-MA. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibition of Ced-3/ICE-related Acacetin IC50 proteases does not prevent cell death induced by oncogenes, DNA damage, or the Bcl-2 homologue Bak. (opioid-receptors.com)
This potentiation involves PDE4D inhibition and cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. (nih.gov)
Inhibition of the Rho-kinase/LIMK-1 pathway unmasked cofilin dephosphorylation suggesting that during shape change the simultaneous activation of a cofilin phosphatase counteracts the effect of LIMK-1 for phosphorylating cofilin. (uni-muenchen.de)

Collectively, these observations suggest that guidance cues cause axon retraction through the coordinated activation of myosin II and the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles for myosin-II-based force generation. (biologists.com)
This activation triggers the activation of myosin light chain myosin. (cusabio.com)

Phosphorylation of CENP-A at serine 7 by Aurora A kinase recruits Aurora B to the centromere. (wikipedia.org)
Work done using smooth muscle myosin and mammalian non-muscle myosin have demonstrated that phosphorylation of the RLC at conserved Serine and Threonine sites ( Figure 1B , Serine-19 and Threonine-18) activates myosin motor activity, enhances the affinity of myosin for actin, and promotes myosin filament assembly ( Heissler and Sellers, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)
We identified the serine/threonine kinase Myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase isoform α (MRCKα) as a novel partner of ABCB4. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
The second messenger PIP3 recruits and activates 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and AKT serine/threonine kinase on the membrane [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
PIP3 phosphatase PTEN is inactivated upon phosphorylation in its C-terminal region by several serine/threonine kinases [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Intriguingly, EB1 overexpression enhances Aurora B kinase activity, at least in part because EB1 blocks the dephosphorylation/inactivation of Aurora B by protein phosphatase 2A. (wikipedia.org)
Myosin phosphatase (MP) is an enzyme complex that regulates muscle contraction and plays important roles in various physiological and pathological conditions. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally, several other important molecules such as calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, ILK , PKA, ZIPK , PKC, and the inhibitory molecule CP17 of myosin light chain phosphatase MLCP are also involved [12-14] . (cusabio.com)
The dephosphorylation activity of Rabbit Polyclonal to HUNK myosin phosphatase immunoprecipitated from the apoptotic cells was lower than that from the nonapoptotic control cells. (opioid-receptors.com)
Identification of the endogenous easy muscle myosin phosphatase-associated kinase. (opioid-receptors.com)
PMC free article] [PubMed]Mizuno T, Tsutsui K, Nishida Y. myosin phosphatase and its role in dorsal closure. (opioid-receptors.com)
Myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) activity is associated with mammalian bladder function, and it is speculated that a change in MLC may play an important role in the nervous and myogenic control of the bladder [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
In human ASM cells, these constituents decreased phosphorylation of 17-kD protein kinase C-potentiated inhibitory protein of type 1 protein phosphatase and 8-gingerol decreased myosin light chain phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
One of the well established Rho-kinase-mediated signaling pathways is the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and its counteracting MLC phosphatase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Since the kinetics of cofilin phospho-cycle was similar during secretion and platelet aggregation in LPA- and thrombin-stimulated cells, I propose a general two-step regulatory process for cofilin phospho-cycle underlying primarily secretion, and subsequently platelet aggregation: dephosphorylation by a cofilin phosphatase and then rephosphorylation by the Rho-kinase/LIMK-1 pathway. (uni-muenchen.de)

I report that semaphorin 3A activates myosin II in growth cones and axons. (biologists.com)
RLCs are phosphorylated at Thr-18 and Ser-19, which activates myosin II motor activity and promotes filament stability. (ecmbio.com)

death associated protein kinase 1 [Sour. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Myosins are conserved proteins that serve as actin-dependent molecular motors, playing important roles in the cytoskeleton. (cusabio.com)
This motif is found in Cdc42/Rac-associated proteins such as the protein kinases Pak, MRCK and Ack, the adaptor proteins Spec and WASP, and, in degenerate form, in the kinases MLK, Mekk4, adaptor Par6, scaffold protein IRSp53, and the Borg proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
These data suggest that PKC may regulate interactions of EWS and other RNA-binding proteins with their RNA targets and that IQ domains may provide a regulatory link between Ca2+ signal transduction pathways and RNA processing. (embl.de)
Calmodulin (CaM) is recognized as a major calcium sensor and orchestrator of regulatory events through its interaction with a diverse group of cellular proteins. (embl.de)
Tyrosine phosphorylation of RTKs, or adaptor proteins such as IRS-1 facilitate their binding with p85 regulatory subunits of PI3K, and then bring PI3K complex on membrane [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
Even muscle contraction is certainly inhibited with the phosphorylation of myosin light-chain kinase with the cAMP-dependent proteins kinase. (researchensemble.com)
Specific members of the Myosin superfamily of motor proteins are known to transport cargo along actin filaments. (mechanobio.info)
The proteins exist as large oligomers that are formed from ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN A CHAIN and ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN B CHAIN subunits. (lookformedical.com)
In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)

We isolated a cDNA clone for a new isoform of chicken smooth muscle myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) from a cDNA library of embryonic chicken gizzard. (elsevierpure.com)
The in vitro transcription/translation product from the cDNA comigrated with a minor isoform of chicken gizzard MRLC (L 20 ‐B) in a two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. (elsevierpure.com)
Interacts with CIB1 isoform 2 (PubMed:23503467). (icr.ac.uk)
Functional divergence of human cytoplasmic myosin II: kinetic characterization of the non-muscle IIA isoform. (nih.gov)

Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes (PubMed:11896197, PubMed:30290153). (icr.ac.uk)
In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
These include macrophage and smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching and various inflammatory signaling, such as IL-33/suppression of tumorigenesis 2 (ST2), Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathways, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 . (bmrat.org)
PIK3CA/p110α phosphorylation at Y317 and Y508 play important role in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer through two independent pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Myosin is a hexamer composed of two myosin heavy chains, two regulatory light chains (RLCs), and two essential light chains (ELCs) ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
The C-terminal tail of the myosin heavy chain associates with the tails of other myosin heavy chains and promotes the assembly into bipolar filaments. (elifesciences.org)
The top panel shows the myosin hexamer composed of two myosin heavy chains (green), two ELCs (light blue) and two RLCs (gray). (elifesciences.org)
Myosin's molecular structure includes heavy chains (MHC) and light chains (MLC), which are further classified into basic MLC (MLC I) and regulatory MLC (MLC II). (cusabio.com)
This myosin forms a hexameric complex comprised of two heavy chains (NMHC-II), two essential light chains, and two regulatory light chains (RLC). (ecmbio.com)
This peptide sequence is highly conserved in rat and mouse myosin IIA heavy chain, and the site has some homology to the conserved sites in nonmuscle myosin IIB and smooth muscle myosin heavy chains. (ecmbio.com)
NMM2 consists of two myosin heavy chains encoded by MYH9, MYH10, MYH14 (NMHC-IIA, B and C) or MYH11, two copies of MYL6 essential light chain protein, and two regulatory light chains (MRLCs), MYL9 and MYL12B. (reactome.org)
The basic structure of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules is a tetramer of two light chains and two heavy chains linked by disulphide bonds. (embl.de)
There are five types of heavy chains: alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma and mu, all consisting of a variable domain (VH) and three (in alpha, delta and gamma) or four (in epsilon and mu) constant domains (CH1 to CH4). (embl.de)
Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)

Additionally, topoisomerase II has been implicated in the regulation of Aurora B localization and enzymatic activity. (wikipedia.org)
MYL9: a New Member of Myosin Motors, a Key Driver of Cancer Cell Dynamic Regulation? (cusabio.com)
The biologic function of LKB1 includes the regulation of downstream kinases, including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the related kinases (microtube affinity-regulating kinase [MARK] 1 through MARK4 and brain-specific kinase/synapses of the amphid-defective kinase [Brsk/SAD]), which are involved in cellular metabolic regulation-stress response and cellular polarity, the latter through tubulin stabilization, tight junction formation, and E-cadherin localization. (medscape.com)
this function is dependent on kinase activity and may be exerted by the regulation of actomyosin contractility through the phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain (MLC) (By similarity). (icr.ac.uk)
These results suggest that down-regulation of MYPT1 may play a role in promoting hyperphosphorylation of myosin II by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of myosin II during apoptosis. (opioid-receptors.com)
Regulation of NMHC-II activity occurs through RLC and HC phosphorylation. (ecmbio.com)
Tyr-857 has therefore been assigned a role in positive regulation of kinase activity. (pdgfrsignaling.com)
These effects were mediated via the down-regulation of caspase-3, ROCK1 (Rho-associated kinase1) activation and myosin light chain (MLC, Ser-19) phosphorylation. (ijbs.com)
These findings put some insights into the unique neuroprotective properties of Rg1 associated with the regulation of myosin IIA-actin cytoskeletal structure under oxidative stress and provide experimental evidence for Rg1 in CNS diseases. (ijbs.com)
Differential regulation of the atrial isoforms of the myosin light chains during striated muscle development. (nih.gov)

Unphosphorylated Myosin IIA Heavy Chain (Ser-1803) synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding Ser-1803 in human myosin IIA heavy chain. (ecmbio.com)
A modified version of the IQ motif as a consensus for Ca2+-independent binding and two related motifs for Ca2+-dependent binding, termed 18-14 and 1-5-10 based on the position of conserved hydrophobic residues, are proposed. (embl.de)
Two tyrosine residues, Y317 and Y508, are identified on PIK3CA/p110α. (biomedcentral.com)
Biochemical studies have shown that the cyclin-dependent kinase p34 cdc2 can phosphorylate the myosin light chain protein LC20 on two residues, inhibiting myosin activity. (silverchair.com)

The level of myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation is an important determinant of smooth muscle contraction. (hindawi.com)

Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby mediates activation of downstream MAP kinases. (icr.ac.uk)
Casein kinase II phosphorylates NMHC-IIA on Ser-1943 and increases disassembly of NMHC-IIA filaments. (ecmbio.com)
DAPK3 is found in smooth muscle where it phosphorylates the regulatory light chain of myosin and stabilizes thick filament formation. (rndsystems.com)

Beta-crystallins exist as oligomers formed from acidic (BETA-CRYSTALLIN A CHAIN) and basic (BETA-CRYSTALLIN B CHAIN) subunits. (lookformedical.com)

Specifically, ROCK acts as a substrate for myosin light chain, facilitating the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the MYL9 gene. (cusabio.com)
Numerous studies have shown that MYL9 regulates ATPase activity and myosin contraction through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. (cusabio.com)

also known as ZIP kinase and DLK) is a 52 kDa member of the CAMK Ser/Thr kinase family, protein kinase superfamily of enzymes. (rndsystems.com)

We focus on six 'core' effectors that operate in almost all these species - members of the Pak, WASP/WAVE, formin, lipid-kinase, IQGAP and NADPH oxidase families. (biomedcentral.com)
p110s perform lipid kinase activity, and p85s stabilize and regulate p110s. (biomedcentral.com)

Our strategy involved demanding a human being TM cell range with two fairly selective inhibitors of Rock and roll accompanied by assaying the amount of dephosphorylation of both inhibitory sites. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

In the Drosophila thorax, opposing gradients of Dachsous and Four-jointed expression, which are constituents of the Fat/Dachsous/Four-jointed planar cell polarity pathway, result in the polarized localization of the myosin Dachs 9 . (nature.com)
Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. (icr.ac.uk)
Accordingly, the neuroprotective mechanism of Rg1 is related to the activity that inhibits myosin IIA-actin interaction and the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC signaling pathway. (ijbs.com)
We found that AR was ubiquitinated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase, myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP) and then degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (oncotarget.com)
Alternatively, in non-genomic pathway, AR activate MAP kinase signaling pathway [ 2 ] and Src signaling pathway [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Rho-kinase regulates a second pathway that involves activation of LIM-kinases (LIMKs) and subsequent phosphorylation and inactivation of cofilin, an actin dynamizing protein. (uni-muenchen.de)
The signaling pathway Rho-kinase/LIMKs/cofilin phosphorylation during platelet activation and the question, how the phosphorylation of cofilin affects the actin dynamics underlying platelet activation, has not previously been studied. (uni-muenchen.de)

The MLCP activity is usually regulated through MYPT1 phosphorylation by many kinases including integrin-linked kinase (ILK) protein kinase C (PKC) ZIP kinase and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) [13]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

Chromosomal segregation during mitosis as well as meiosis is regulated by kinases and phosphatases. (wikipedia.org)
The level of MLC-2v phosphorylation is dependent on the opposing activities of MLC kinases and phosphatases. (bvsalud.org)

We show that so-called phosphomimetic mutants of the Drosophila regulatory light chain (RLC) do not mimic the phosphorylated RLC state in vitro. (elifesciences.org)
The rational for the different myosin fragments lies in the different biochemical properties: Full-length myosin forms filaments, sediments at high speed and can be used in the in vitro motility assay. (elifesciences.org)
Non‐denaturing pyrophosphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the in vitro transcription/translation product could be associated with native myosin when mixed and coprecipitated in a low‐ionic‐strength buffer with adult chicken gizzard myosin. (elsevierpure.com)
Moreover, the coprecipitated translation product was phosphorylated in vitro by chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase apparently more rapidly than L 20 ‐A on the native myosin heavy chain. (elsevierpure.com)
In vitro kinase assay is applied to identify the kinase of PIK3CA/p110α tyrosine phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Because p34 cdc2 activity declines during anaphase, the in vitro data supported a model in which a decrease in inhibitory phosphorylation led to an increase in myosin activity and the start of cytokinesis. (silverchair.com)

However, regulatory mechanisms underlying these isoforms are poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
From these findings, we concluded that at least two isoforms of smooth muscle MRLC exist in chicken gizzard and that their expression may be regulated translationally depending on the developmental stage. (elsevierpure.com)
In vertebrates, there are three NMHC-II isoforms (NMHC-IIA, NMHC-IIB, and NMHC-IIC), which exhibit distinct patterns of expression in cells and tissues. (ecmbio.com)
Several kinases phosphorylation NMHC-II isoforms directly. (ecmbio.com)

Changes in the cell-matrix adhesion were measured in real time by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing and also assessed by staining for paxillin vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Acts as a 'third messenger' substrate of protein kinase C-mediated molecular cascades during synaptic development and remodeling. (embl.de)

PubMed]Murata-Hori M, Fukuta Y, Ueda K, Iwasaki T, Hosoya H. HeLa Squat kinase induces diphosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain and reorganization of actin filaments in nonmuscle cells. (opioid-receptors.com)
Nonmuscle myosin II (NMM2) is an actin-based motor protein that plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, including smooth muscle contraction, cell migration, polarity formation, and cytokinesis. (reactome.org)

I suggest that in the context of semaphorin 3A signaling, RhoA-kinase serves as a switch to change the function of the F-actin cytoskeleton from promoting protrusive activity to generating contractile forces. (biologists.com)
Although, the non-muscle myosin II holoenzyme (myosin) is a molecular motor that powers contraction of actin cytoskeleton networks, recent studies have questioned the importance of myosin motor activity cell and tissue shape changes. (elifesciences.org)
We also found that dBcAMP and ML-9 both cause a decrease in the phosphate content of actin depolymerizing factor, suggesting that this protein and myosin light chain are the effectors of actin cytoskeleton reorganization and process growth. (rupress.org)

The small GTPase Rho can regulate several aspects of cellular function, predominantly through its downstream effector Rho-kinase. (uni-muenchen.de)

INCENP stimulates Aurora B kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
Also, cells deficient in topoisomerase II show significantly reduced Aurora B kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
Myosin II activity is required for axon retraction but not growth cone collapse. (biologists.com)
Formation of axonal F-actin bundles was independent of myosin II, but partially required RhoA-kinase activity. (biologists.com)
Conversely, RhoA-kinase activity was required to shut down F-actin polymerization underlying protrusive activity. (biologists.com)
This release of calcium initiates actin-myosin crossbridge activity and the observation of the muscle shortening and contracting. (jove.com)
Here, combining the biochemical analysis of enzymatic and motile properties for purified myosin mutants with in vivo measurements of apical constriction for the same mutants, we show that in vivo constriction rate scales with myosin motor activity. (elifesciences.org)
The defect in the myosin motor activity in these mutants is evident in developing Drosophila embryos where tissue recoil following laser ablation is decreased compared to wild-type tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Overall, our data highlights that myosin activity is required for rapid cell contraction and tissue folding in developing Drosophila embryos. (elifesciences.org)
However, it has not been biochemically demonstrated that Drosophila myosin motor activity and filament assembly is regulated by RLC phosphorylation or whether the extent of activation is similar to that of mammalian systems. (elifesciences.org)
Phosphorylating MYL9 improves the interaction between myosin and actin, as well as enhances ATPase activity in the myosin light chain head. (cusabio.com)
Y-39983 was several-fold more potent when compared with Y-27632 at inhibiting the phosphorylation of MYPT1 at either Thr853 or Thr696 commensurate with its greater GSK690693 potency at inhibiting the activity of human ROCK-I and ROCK-II enzymes. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Furthermore, inhibiting myosin II activity with blebbistatin partly blocked the neuroprotective effects of Rg1. (ijbs.com)
Myosin II activity is stimulated by phosphorylation of MRLC. (reactome.org)
In this new work, radioactive labeling of echinoderm eggs undergoing mitosis demonstrates that despite high levels of p34 cdc2 activity, LC20 from cortical myosin is not phosphorylated on the inhibitory sites at any time during mitosis, but is phosphorylated on an activating site during anaphase and telophase. (silverchair.com)
In some species (e.g., bovine), evidence indicates that decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 levels in estrogen-dominant preovulatory follicles are likely due, in part, to increased protease activity, whereas lower levels of IGFBP-2 are not due to increased proteolysis. (bioone.org)

We developed an in silico model of two-dimensional actomyosin meshwork contraction, demonstrating that actomyosin meshworks exhibit an inherent force orienting mechanism in response to mechanical constraints. (nature.com)
Forces that shape cells and tissues can be produced by the contraction of actin filament (F-actin) meshworks by the molecular motor Myosin II (myosin). (nature.com)
Cardiac contraction is modulated by the phosphorylation state of myosin regulatory light chain 2 (MLC-2v). (bvsalud.org)
The bipolar myosin filaments promote the sliding of antiparallel actin filaments relative to one another resulting in contraction of an actin network. (elifesciences.org)

In 1998, Aurora kinase B was identified in humans by a polymerase chain reaction screen for kinases that are overexpressed in cancers. (wikipedia.org)

The Aurora kinases associate with microtubules during chromosome movement and segregation. (wikipedia.org)

Reorganization of the actin filament network in response to cAMP is accompanied by a decrease in phosphate incorporation into the regulatory light chain of myosin (MLC). (rupress.org)

Using echinoderm eggs as a model, Shuster and Burgess (page 981) have found that the timing of cytokinesis does not appear to be controlled by inhibitory phosphorylation of the myosin II light chain. (silverchair.com)

Caspase-mediated cleavage of focal adhesion kinase disassembly and pp125FAK of focal adhesions in individual endothelial cell apoptosis. (opioid-receptors.com)
The current study is to reveal the regulatory effects of Rg1 on cytoskeletal and morphological lesion in oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. (ijbs.com)
The results demonstrated that pre-treatment with Rg1 (0.1-10 μM) attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress through reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level. (ijbs.com)
The review focuses on the role of APC-derived EVs in regulating the transformation of macrophage phenotype, shaping foam cells, driving autophagy and/or inhibiting apoptosis of Th4 + cells, T regulatory cells, endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), as well as in facilitating oxidative stress in vasculature. (bmrat.org)

By disrupting the interaction between MYL9 and CD69, researchers found that it can potentially boost the anti-tumor immune response, make MYL9 an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy [2] . (cusabio.com)
By contrast, PKC phosphorylation of Ser-1/Ser-2 and Thr-9 in RLC may decrease activated myosin II interaction with actin. (ecmbio.com)
The Rg1 treatment also abolished H 2 O 2 -induced morphological changes, including cell rounding, membrane blebbing, neurite retraction and nuclei condensation, which were generated by myosin IIA-actin interaction. (ijbs.com)

Together, these results show that Rho-kinase regulates the F-actin increase underlying shape change and secretion, but it is not directly involved in aggregation. (uni-muenchen.de)

The neck contains an alpha helix entwined by two regulatory light chains that bind to myosin light chains and calmodulin. (cusabio.com)
The prooncoprotein EWS binds calmodulin and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C through an IQ domain. (embl.de)
Here we report that EWS, a nuclear RNA-binding prooncoprotein, contains an IQ domain, is phosphorylated by protein kinase C, and interacts with calmodulin. (embl.de)

J Cell Biol (1992) 117 (2): 357-367. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (1999) 146 (5): 1-2. (silverchair.com)

Functionally, myosin motors have emerged as powerful players that drive cytoplasmic streaming, actin organization, and cell expansion ( Figure 1 ) [3-6] . (cusabio.com)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. (lookformedical.com)

The motor domain at the N-terminus of the myosin heavy chain binds actin filaments in an ATP-dependent manner. (elifesciences.org)
It was observed that LPA-stimulated dense granule secretion is mainly regulated by Rho-kinase, whereas secretion induced by thrombin was only in part Rho-kinase-dependent. (uni-muenchen.de)
Our study shows that LIMK-1 activation was mainly Rho-kinase dependent in LPA- and thrombin-stimulated platelets. (uni-muenchen.de)

Moreover, the binding of Ca 2+ -CaM displaces the regulatory segment away from the catalytic site. (go.jp)
STK11/LKB1 encodes a 433 amino acid ubiquitously expressed protein with a central catalytic domain and regulatory N- and C-terminal domains. (medscape.com)

Neurotrophins bind two classes of receptors, the receptor tyrosine kinase family of Trk (A, B, and C) receptors and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR). (jneurosci.org)
Normally, upon the stimulations by growth factors (GFs), the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are activated, and then recruit PI3K protein complex on the membrane to generate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biophosphate (PIP2) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

and (2) define the mechanism(s) of action responsible for this potentiation. (nih.gov)
Previous work has shown that microtubules are involved in regulating the size of focal adhesions, but the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. (silverchair.com)
Movement of myosin-X is driven by ATP hydrolysis, in a unique mechanism that resembles walking or stepping. (mechanobio.info)

The computer-aided homology modelling revealed that Rg1 preferentially positioned in the actin binding cleft of myosin IIA and might block the binding of myosin IIA to actin filaments. (ijbs.com)

In h-RA phosphorylation of ribosomal S6-kinase II (RSK2-S227) was significantly higher than in h-MA. (bvsalud.org)

[ 2 , 15 ] This may give the lesion the appearance of pseudoinvasion, because some of the epithelial cells, usually from benign glands, are surrounded by the smooth muscle (the lack of dysplasia in the polyps help to differentiate pseudoinvasion from malignancy). (medscape.com)

A relatively low effect of both ROCK inhibitors at Thr696 suggests a role for other Ser/Thr kinases at this site. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
During middle to past due gestation, myometrial quiescence is certainly maintained by many contractile inhibitors, such as for example relaxin, adrenomedullin, nitric oxide, progesterone and prostacyclin [1,2]. (researchensemble.com)

MYL9, the regulatory light chain of myosin, is essential for cell movement by activating myosin motility. (cusabio.com)
Considering its association with the myosin motors family, MYL9 holds promise as a novel drug target for cancer immunotherapy! (cusabio.com)
2. What is MYL9? (cusabio.com)
Numerous studies have demonstrated that MYL9, as a crucial member of the myosin family, participates in various organismal functions regulated by diverse factors. (cusabio.com)

In this article, we focus on the signaling mechanisms of two of these three subgroups, Cdc42 and Rac, as they are often linked in their physiological functions and have several effectors in common. (biomedcentral.com)

Non-muscle myosin II is an actin-based motor protein essential to cell motility, division, migration, adhesion and polarity. (ecmbio.com)

Myosin II interacts with F-actin to generate contractile forces that result in axon retraction. (biologists.com)
Interacts (via kinase domain) with RAF1 (PubMed:11733498). (icr.ac.uk)

Apoptotic membrane blebbing is usually regulated by myosin light chain phosphorylation. (opioid-receptors.com)

These mice were produced in a C57BL/6N background which lack MLCK3, the main regulatory light chain kinase in cardiac myocytes. (bvsalud.org)

The light chains bind to the central neck domain of the myosin heavy chain and have structural and regulatory functions ( Heissler and Sellers, 2014 ). (elifesciences.org)
In mammalian cells, as many as twenty types of protein have been reported to bind to activated Cdc42 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms7

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes22

Information Science3

MLCK12

Subunit9

Inhibition6

Activation of myosin2

Serine5

Phosphatase10

Activates myosin2

Death-associated protein kinase1

Proteins10

Isoform4

Pathways4

Heavy chains10

Regulation10

Residues4

Level of myosin1

Phosphorylates3

Subunits1

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation2

Superfamily1

Lipid-kinase2

Dephosphorylation1

Pathway7

MLCP1

Phosphatases2

Vitro6

Isoforms4

Substrate2

Nonmuscle2

Cytoskeleton3

Downstream1

Activity16

Contraction4

Polymerase chain re1

Chromosome1

Reorganization1

Inhibitory1

Apoptosis4

Interaction3

Regulates1

Calmodulin3

Cell Biol2

Cytoplasmic1

Polypeptide1

Dependent3

Catalytic2

Tyrosine2

Mechanism3

Filaments1

Ribosomal1

Smooth muscle1

Inhibitors2

MYL94

Effectors1

Polarity1

Interacts2

Usually regulated1

Cardiac1

Bind2