• We have previously demonstrated that a layer of skeletal muscle cells in the EOMs demonstrate a longitudinal variation in their myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. (upenn.edu)
  • Objective -To investigate whether protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are expressed in equine skeletal muscle and determine their distribution in various types of fibers by use of immunofluorescence microscopy. (avma.org)
  • Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Results indicated that PKC isoforms are expressed in equine skeletal muscle in a fiber type-specific manner. (avma.org)
  • Skeletal actin mRNA increases in the human heart during ontogenic development and is the major isoform of control and failing adult hearts. (jci.org)
  • These observations demonstrate that cardiac development in man, in contrast to rodent heart, is characterized by an up-regulation of the skeletal actin gene, the expression of which does not change in hypertrophied and failing hearts, and suggest that the actin and myosin heavy chain families are independently regulated in human heart. (jci.org)
  • Skeletal muscle is an inherently heterogenous tissue comprised primarily of myofibers, which are historically classified into three distinct fiber types in humans: one "slow" (type 1) and two "fast" (type 2A and type 2X), delineated by the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms (MYHs). (researchgate.net)
  • Several chronic conditions leading to skeletal muscle dysfunction are known to be associated with changes in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms at both the mRNA and protein level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a combination of ligase-mediated rapid amplification of 5' and 3' cDNA ends (RACE) and bioinformatics, mRNAs to the four main skeletal-muscle isoforms of MHC were determined. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The slow-type MHC skeletal muscle (Type 1 or MyH7β) and cardiac (MyHα) isoforms are located independently from the other striated muscle associated isoforms on chromosome 14 in both species [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the eleven sarcomeric isoform genes of MHC, four are known to be expressed in adult skeletal muscle: one "slow-twitch" (Type I) muscle-associated MHC isoform and three "fast-twitch" (Types IIA, IIX and IIB) muscle-associated isoforms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multi-step immunofuoroscent analysis of vitamin d receptor loci and myosin heavy chain isoforms in human skeletal muscle. (inpharm.rs)
  • The protein product of MYH16 is one of the heavy chain myosins, a kind of protein that works with actin to enable muscle fibers to contract. (johnhawks.net)
  • In the case of dot blot analysis, quantification of each isoform was performed by using as standards RNA transcripts obtained from cloned human alpha-actin sequences, and the total amount of sarcomeric actin mRNA was evaluated as a function of total poly(A+)RNA. (jci.org)
  • Muscle contraction consists of a cyclical interaction between myosin and actin. (embl.de)
  • BACKGROUND: Myosins are motors that use energy supplied by ATP to travel along actin filaments. (embl.de)
  • The structure of myosin is known, but the actin-binding site is not well defined, and the mechanisms by which actin activates ATP hydrolysis by myosin, and myosin moves relative to the actin filament, developing force, are not fully understood. (embl.de)
  • Modified lysine residues occurred in the actin binding region as well as the coiled-coil tail and the hinge regions of myosin (see Fig. 1). (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Note that acetylation covers all of the important functional areas of myosin from actin and ATP binding to the hinge region and even the coiled-coil tail. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Myocardial performance is likely affected by the relative expression of the two myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms, namely {alpha}-MyHC and ß-MyHC. (umsystem.edu)
  • Many pathophysiological states are associated with small shifts in the relative expression of each MyHC isoform, yet the functional consequence of these shifts remains unclear. (umsystem.edu)
  • At the neuromuscular junction, an EOM-specific MyHC isoform is present, while a distinct isoform is found proximal and distal to the neuromuscular junction and sharply excluded from the junctional area. (upenn.edu)
  • Development of longitudinal variation in MyHC isoforms of the rat EOMs. (upenn.edu)
  • Whole mounts of rat EOMs stained with antibody specific to the embryonic MyHC isoform (green) or with antibody specific to the extraocular muscle MyHC isoform (EO-MyHC) at specific days postpartum. (upenn.edu)
  • The EO-MyHC isoform initially appears as a double in the center of the fibers. (upenn.edu)
  • The protein is denoted as MyHC-M, for myosin heavy chain-masticatory. (johnhawks.net)
  • All superior and inferior rectus muscles from both globes were examined for BrdU incorporation, MyoD expression, neonatal and developmental myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression, and myofiber cross-sectional area alterations. (arvojournals.org)
  • There was no correlation between myofibers with BrdU-positive myonuclei and neonatal MyHC isoform expression. (arvojournals.org)
  • Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) is the main determinant of contractile function. (bvsalud.org)
  • A comparable increase in heterogeneity of MyHC isoform expression was also found among individual human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived CMs after replating. (bvsalud.org)
  • Changes in MyHC isoform expression and cardiomyocyte function induced by replating were reversible in the course of the second week after replating. (bvsalud.org)
  • To conclude, detachment and replating induced substantial changes in gene expression, MyHC isoform composition, and function of long-term cultivated human stem cell-derived CMs, thus inducing alterations in mechanosensation/-transduction, that need to be considered, particularly for downstream in vitro assays. (bvsalud.org)
  • MHC composition is amenable to determination by protein and mRNA based methodologies, the latter quantifying the expression of MHC isoform-specific gene transcripts allowing the detection of earlier, and more subtle changes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2017). Expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms mRNA transcripts in the temporalis muscle of common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). (euses.cat)
  • A correlation exists between maximum unloaded shortening velocity (V o ) and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression in muscle fibers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The present study examined the association between MHC isoform expression and estimates of cross-bridge cycling kinetics in single human vastus lateralis muscle fibers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Both V o and k tτ were slower in fibers expressing the MHC Slow isoform compared to fibers expressing fast MHC isoforms, while α fs was comparable across fiber types. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results indicate that both f app and g app are slower in human fibers expressing the MHC Slow isoform compared to fibers expressing fast MHC isoforms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The impact of MHC isoform co-expression could only be evaluated in fibers co-expressing MHC 2A and MHC 2X isoforms where no effect on cross-bridge cycling kinetics was observed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • abstract = "A correlation exists between maximum unloaded shortening velocity (Vo) and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression in muscle fibers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Both Vo and ktτ were slower in fibers expressing the MHCSlow isoform compared to fibers expressing fast MHC isoforms, while αfs was comparable across fiber types. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Interestingly, mTOR activation occurred predominantly in fibers expressing type IIa but not type I myosin heavy chain isoform. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Myosin-2 (myosin heavy chain 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Myosin is a major contractile protein which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. (nih.gov)
  • Myosin is a hexameric protein composed of a pair of myosin heavy chains (MYH) and two pairs of nonidentical light chains. (nih.gov)
  • This gene is a member of the MYH family and encodes a protein with an IQ domain and a myosin head-like domain. (nih.gov)
  • We have demonstrated that this resistance to fatigue results from global changes in contractile protein isoforms and metabolic pathways during the progression of COPD. (upenn.edu)
  • In fact, myosin is the most highly acetylated protein found to date with 49 acetylated lysine residues 10 . (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Here, we established a hPSC line integrated with a mCherry fluorescent protein driven by the alpha myosin heavy chain (aMHC) promoter, which could be used to purify CMs based on the aMHC promoter activity in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The MyH2, MyH1 and MyH4 genes encode the protein isoforms commonly termed MHC IIA, IIX and IIB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The relative expression of each isoform is regulated developmentally and in pathophysiological states. (umsystem.edu)
  • The correlation between slow fibre phenotype and strength of innervation suggests a relationship between synaptic structure and expression of troponin isoforms. (biologists.com)
  • MHC isoform expression was determined by SDS PAGE. (elsevierpure.com)
  • From these findings, we concluded that at least two isoforms of smooth muscle MRLC exist in chicken gizzard and that their expression may be regulated translationally depending on the developmental stage. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This isoform was detected only in the embryonic gizzard and was slightly more acidic than the predominant isoform (L 20 ‐A). The partial polypeptide sequence of L 20 ‐A was confirmed to be identical to the previously reported MRLC sequence. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Three embryonic class II myosin heavy chains (MYHs) were cloned from the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.), MYH emb1 ,MYH emb2 and MYH emb3 . (biologists.com)
  • We isolated a cDNA clone for a new isoform of chicken smooth muscle myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) from a cDNA library of embryonic chicken gizzard. (elsevierpure.com)
  • theβ-myosin heavy chain(β-MHC)and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which are recognized as a marker of cardiac hypertrophy, were determined by Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), then another gene phospholipase C (PLC), inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ), which associated with RAS were determined by Western blot(WB). (researchsquare.com)
  • Analysis of myofibrillar isoforms showed that levels of troponin-T 1 (TnT 1 ), a 55 kDa isoform expressed in slow-tonic (S 2 ) fibres, were correlated with synaptic properties. (biologists.com)
  • In addition, differences in troponin-I isoforms correlated with TnT 1 levels between the proximal, central and distal regions. (biologists.com)
  • They provide new insights about proteins such as Aldehyde dehydrogenase family, Enolase, Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, Troponin T or Myosin light chains isoforms. (pasteur.fr)
  • The sarcomeric MHC family consists of at least eleven isoforms, eight of which are encoded by distinct genes located in two multigenic regions on two separate chromosomes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We set out to analyse the positions of conserved residues within this domain in detail, and relate the conserved residues to the myosin structure. (embl.de)
  • Recently, Foster et al 10 reported that in an initial acetylome of porcine heart proteins, 240 proteins were modified on 994 lysine residues with myosin acetylated on many different lysine amino acids. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • For some PKC isoforms, distribution was specific for fiber type. (avma.org)
  • Non‐denaturing pyrophosphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the in vitro transcription/translation product could be associated with native myosin when mixed and coprecipitated in a low‐ionic‐strength buffer with adult chicken gizzard myosin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Previous phylogenetic analyses of the motor domain of myosins have identified up to twelve classes. (embl.de)
  • Earlier studies based on Myosin heavy chain isoforms analyses and measurements of glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities have demonstrated that the third trimester of foetal life in bovine is characterized by contractile and metabolic differentiation. (pasteur.fr)
  • Human ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) predominantly express the ß-isoform. (bvsalud.org)
  • In a resource-constrained world supporting a rapidly growing human population there is great interest in en-hancing the production efficiency of our major animal and plant food industries. (1library.net)
  • Myosin is a major component of thick filaments and exists as a hexamer of 2 heavy chains [ ( PUBMED:1939027 ) ], 2 alkali light chains, and 2 regulatory light chains. (embl.de)
  • Biochemical and physiological evidence has suggested that myosins, both conventional and unconventional, are critical for neurosensory activities. (embl.de)
  • This is contrary to expectation based on the slow muscle isoform data and theoretical physiological capacity arguments. (1library.net)
  • This behaviour explains the functionally unusual breast muscle metabolism of the ancestral birds such as the Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) progenitor of modern domestic chickens, which is dominated by explosive, fast twitch contractile isoforms and a relatively low oxidative capacity metabolism. (1library.net)
  • Given the prominence of myosin as a target for acetylation in cardiomyocytes, further biochemical and functional studies were undertaken. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • We are currently investigating the neural mechanisms responsible for this synapse specific synthesis of one isoform and the extra-synapse specific synthesis of another. (upenn.edu)
  • Promoting synthesis of the α isoforms of the myosin heavy chain (faster contractility), and reducing β isoform (slow contractility), enhancing systolic function. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Intracellular calcium and myosin isoform transitions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cryosections of equine muscle were stained with PKC isoform (α, β1, β2, δ, ξ, or ζ)-specific polyclonal antibodies and examined by use of a fluorescence microscope. (avma.org)
  • MHC 2X 7%), while 18% co-expressed MHC 2A and MHC 2X isoforms, and 2% co-expressed MHC 2A and MHC Slow isoforms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • alpha 3B chain of laminin-5 [Homo sap. (nig.ac.jp)
  • Conservation within the myosin motor domain: implications for structure and function. (embl.de)
  • Both active and passive stretch of the rectus muscles produced by strabismus surgery dramatically upregulated the processes of satellite cell activation, integration of new myonuclei into existing myofibers, and concomitant upregulation of immature myosin heavy chain isoforms. (arvojournals.org)
  • The importance of acetylation has recently been elevated by the utilization of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in pre-clinical research and the treatment of hypertrophic heart disease 6,7 , as well as the discovery of several critical acetylated forms of myosin amino acids that need to be modified in order for the sarcomere to function correctly 8,9 . (cytoskeleton.com)
  • RESULTS: Our analysis indicates that there are at least thirteen myosin classes. (embl.de)
  • The growing family of myosin motors and their role in neurons and sensory cells. (embl.de)
  • Moreover, the coprecipitated translation product was phosphorylated in vitro by chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase apparently more rapidly than L 20 ‐A on the native myosin heavy chain. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The core of the myosin structure is similar in fold to that of kinesin. (embl.de)
  • Schematic representation of myosin structure and the positions of published acetylation sites. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • laminin alpha chain (343.7 kD) (1L1. (nig.ac.jp)
  • similar to laminin alpha-1 chain pr. (nig.ac.jp)
  • LMA_DROME Laminin alpha chain precursor >gn. (nig.ac.jp)
  • LMA3_MOUSE Laminin alpha-3 chain precursor. (nig.ac.jp)
  • alpha 3A chain of laminin-5 [Mus musc. (nig.ac.jp)
  • laminin-5 alpha 3 chain [Rattus norveg. (nig.ac.jp)
  • similar to alpha 3A chain of lamini. (nig.ac.jp)