Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEF2A gene. (wikipedia.org)
A second family of DNA binding regulatory proteins is the myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family. (wikipedia.org)
Of particular importance has been the identification of two families of transcription factors: the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and the myocyte enhancer factors (MEFs). (biologists.com)
The small muscle-specific protein Csl modifies cell shape and promotes myocyte fusion in an insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent manner. (ox.ac.uk)
The activities of transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and myocyte enhancer-binding factor (MEF)2, were also enhanced in an IGF-1 signaling-dependent manner. (ox.ac.uk)
Transcriptional1
We have isolated a murine cDNA encoding a 9-kD protein, Chisel (Csl), in a screen for transcriptional targets of the cardiac homeodomain factor Nkx2-5. (ox.ac.uk)
Proteins6
The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins, including myoD (MIM 159970), myogenin (MIM 159980), MYF5 (MIM 159990), and MRF4 (MIM 159991) are 1 class of identified factors. (wikipedia.org)
Each of these proteins binds to the MEF2 target DNA sequence present in the regulatory regions of many, if not all, muscle-specific genes. (wikipedia.org)
MSY3 (MSY4, YB-2, CSDA, dbpA, ZONAB) is a member of the cold shock domain (CSD) family of proteins also known as Y-box proteins, which are evolutionarily conserved proteins that function as transcription factors and regulators of RNA metabolism and protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
A hallmark of events observed during segmentation was the induction of multiple transcription factors, including a large group of homeobox proteins in pace with decay of a large fraction of maternal transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, BioID analysis indicated broad interaction between GATA4 and BET family of proteins, such as BRD4. (biomedcentral.com)
MEF2A1
MEF2A is a transcription factor in the Mef2 family. (wikipedia.org)
Myogenin3
The Y-box protein MSY3/Csda represses myogenin transcription in skeletal muscle by binding a highly conserved cis-acting DNA element located just upstream of the myogenin minimal promoter (myogHCE). (biomedcentral.com)
While Akt over-expression rescued myogenin expression in MSY3 overexpressing myogenic cells, ablation of the Akt substrate, (Ser126 located in the MSY3 cold shock domain) promoted MSY3 accumulation in the nucleus and abolished this rescue. (biomedcentral.com)
This study highlights a previously undescribed Akt-mediated signaling pathway involved in the repression of myogenin expression in myogenic cells and in mature muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
C2C123
Nonetheless, the enhanced myogenesis leads to the formation of an extensive network of contractile myofibers, and this enhanced myogenesis can be conferred upon myogenic cells from clonal populations, such as G8 or C2C12 cells, if they are co-cultured with the limb mesenchymal cells. (biologists.com)
Skeletal muscle and myogenic C2C12 cells were used to study the effects of MSY3 phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro on its sub-cellular localization and activity, by blocking the IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway, by Akt depletion and over-expression, and by mutating potential MSY3 phosphorylation sites. (biomedcentral.com)
In C2C12 myogenic cells, blocking the IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway using LY294002 inhibitor reduced MSY3 phosphorylation levels resulting in its accumulation in the nuclei. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulation2
Identification of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) is a central problem in Bioinformatics on gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
This indicated the involvement of epigenetic modulators in the regulation of GATA-dependent transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene3
The process of differentiation from mesodermal precursor cells to myoblasts has led to the discovery of a variety of tissue-specific factors that regulate muscle gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
The MEF2 genes are members of the MADS gene family (named for the yeast mating type-specific transcription factor MCM1, the plant homeotic genes 'agamous' and 'deficiens' and the human serum response factor SRF (MIM 600589)), a family that also includes several homeotic genes and other transcription factors, all of which share a conserved DNA-binding domain. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a basic motif-leucine zipper transcription factor of the Maf subfamily. (en-academic.com)
Targets1
The embryonic AMPs are at the origin of all adult fly muscles and, as we demonstrate here, they express repressors of myogenic differentiation and targets of the Notch pathway known to be involved in muscle cell stemness. (biologists.com)
Tissue-specific1
Compounds that target tissue-specific transcription factors could overcome non-specific effects of small molecules and lead to the regeneration of heart muscle following myocardial infarction. (biomedcentral.com)
Cardiac1
Transcription factor GATA4-targeted compounds that have previously shown in vivo efficacy in cardiac injury models were tested for stage-specific activation of atrial and ventricular reporter genes in differentiating pluripotent stem cells using a dual reporter assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Composition1
for instance transcription factor binding site (TFBS) composition. (bvsalud.org)
Expression1
Specifically,treatment of primary limb bud cultures with p38 inhibitors increases the expression of myogenic markers and causes a striking increase in formation of myotubes, which were detected using antibodies specific for myosin heavy chain. (biologists.com)
Cells1
The dynamic cytoskeletal localization of Csl and its dominant effects on cell shape and behavior and transcription factor activity suggest that Csl plays a role in the regulatory network through which muscle cells coordinate their structural and functional states during growth, adaptation, and repair. (ox.ac.uk)
Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TFBSs) are small nucleotide fragments (usually ≤ 30 bp) in the cis-regulatory/intergenic regions in DNA sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
Large1
Csl-expressing myoblasts differentiated and fused normally, although in the presence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 they showed dramatically enhanced fusion, leading to formation of large dysmorphogenic "myosacs. (ox.ac.uk)
Complex1
After transcription, Pri-miRNA is cleaved by the enzymatic complex DROSHA into a micro-RNA precursor (pre-miRNA). (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Genes9
Each of these proteins binds to the MEF2 target DNA sequence present in the regulatory regions of many, if not all, muscle-specific genes. (wikipedia.org)
The MEF2 genes are members of the MADS gene family (named for the yeast mating type-specific transcription factor MCM1, the plant homeotic genes 'agamous' and 'deficiens' and the human serum response factor SRF (MIM 600589)), a family that also includes several homeotic genes and other transcription factors, all of which share a conserved DNA-binding domain. (wikipedia.org)
3. Overlapping functions of the myogenic bHLH genes MRF4 and MyoD revealed in double mutant mice. (nih.gov)
Transcription of miR genes by RNA polymerase II form primary transcripts known as primary miR (pri-miR). (medscape.com)
Activating transcription factors of the MADS family which bind a specific sequence element (MEF2 element) in many muscle-specific genes and are involved in skeletal and cardiac myogenesis, neuronal differentiation and survival/apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Factores de transcripción activadores de la familia MADS que une un elemento de secuencia específica (elemento MEF2) en muchos genes específicos del músculo y están implicados en la miogénesis cardíaca y muscular, diferenciación neuronal y supervivencia/apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
Mitochondria have circular DNA (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA), and mitochondrial biogenesis (mitobiogenesis) involves the replication, transcription, and translation of mtDNA-encoded genes, the interorganelle transport of phospholipids, and the import of nuclear-encoded proteins into mitochondria through the protein translocation machinery of the outer and inner membranes [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Given that the majority of mitochondrial proteins are nuclear-encoded, the transcription and translation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes must be tightly coordinated to ensure the creation of new mitochondria [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This view reflects the amazing conservation of genetic apparatus that has been discovered across the Bilateria, particularly of genes encoding transcription factors and signaling molecules. (silverchair.com)
4. Activated notch inhibits myogenic activity of the MADS-Box transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2C. (nih.gov)
8. Myocyte enhancer factor 2C and myogenin up-regulate each other's expression and induce the development of skeletal muscle in P19 cells. (nih.gov)
15. Cooperative transcriptional activation by the neurogenic basic helix-loop-helix protein MASH1 and members of the myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family. (nih.gov)
18. Identification of a new hybrid serum response factor and myocyte enhancer factor 2-binding element in MyoD enhancer required for MyoD expression during myogenesis. (nih.gov)
Basic helix5
The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins, including myoD (MIM 159970), myogenin (MIM 159980), MYF5 (MIM 159990), and MRF4 (MIM 159991) are 1 class of identified factors. (wikipedia.org)
1. mef2c is activated directly by myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins during skeletal muscle development in vivo. (nih.gov)
6. Combinatorial control of muscle development by basic helix-loop-helix and MADS-box transcription factors. (nih.gov)
14. The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors shows similar requirements for SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes during muscle differentiation in culture. (nih.gov)
Musculin (MSC) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that inhibits myogenesis during normal development and contributes to the differentiation defect in rhabdomyosarcoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiation5
The process of differentiation from mesodermal precursor cells to myoblasts has led to the discovery of a variety of tissue-specific factors that regulate muscle gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
5. Failure of Myf5 to support myogenic differentiation without myogenin, MyoD, and MRF4. (nih.gov)
10. Regulation of HDAC9 gene expression by MEF2 establishes a negative-feedback loop in the transcriptional circuitry of muscle differentiation. (nih.gov)
Here, we report that the removal of the special AT-rich binding protein 2 (SATB2), a nuclear protein known to bind matrix attachment regions, is a key event in initiating myogenic differentiation. (mdpi.com)
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric tumor of skeletal muscle that fails to undergo terminal myogenic differentiation properly. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibits myogenic1
The MSC:E-protein heterodimer binds to E-boxes and inhibits myogenic reporters and MyoD-mediated myogenesis [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MyoD5
7. Multiple roles for the MyoD basic region in transmission of transcriptional activation signals and interaction with MEF2. (nih.gov)
13. Molecular mechanisms of myogenic coactivation by p300: direct interaction with the activation domain of MyoD and with the MADS box of MEF2C. (nih.gov)
As one of many transcription factors that impede myogenesis, its binding on a genome-wide scale relative to the widespread binding of the myogenic factor MyoD is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
The myogenic inhibitor MSC binds throughout the genome of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, in a pattern highly similar to that of MyoD, suggesting a broad role in buffering the activity of MyoD in development and rhabdomyosarcomas. (biomedcentral.com)
The myogenic activity of MyoD can be inhibited by a variety of transcription factors, including other members of the bHLH protein family [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Myogenesis1
17. Myogenin and MEF2 function synergistically to activate the MRF4 promoter during myogenesis. (nih.gov)
Skeletal3
Calpain 3 (Capn3), a skeletal muscle-specific member of the calpain family, executes some non-proteolytic functions besides its role as a Ca 2+ -regulated proteolytic enzyme. (nih.gov)
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces skeletal muscle insulin resistance in healthy human subjects via inhibition of Akt substrate 160 phosphorylation. (academicinfluence.com)
Expression of Mfn2, the Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2A gene, in human skeletal muscle: effects of type 2 diabetes, obesity, weight loss, and the regulatory role of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. (academicinfluence.com)
20. Mef2c is activated directly by Ets transcription factors through an evolutionarily conserved endothelial cell-specific enhancer. (nih.gov)
Molecular1
Activation of the cellular senescence genetic program prompts a series of molecular changes, mostly affecting cell cycle, extracellular matrix (ECM), secretion of growth factors, and inflammatory mediators. (hindawi.com)