A blade-casting method in conjunction with bioprinting was employed to fabricate bioengineered skeletal muscle constructs using a bioink composed of C2C12 myoblasts and collagen type-I. Various printing process parameters were selected and optimized to achieve a highly organized cell alignment within the constructs. (bvsalud.org)
We find that C/EBPβ can regulate Notch2 expression and that restoration of Notch activity in myoblasts lacking C/EBPβ prevents precocious differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
When overexpressed in the murine myoblast cell line C2C12 or in primary myoblasts, C/EBPβ reduced MyoD and other myogenic protein levels during differentiation, in addition to reducing myoblast fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
Loss of C/EBPβ in SCs results in precocious differentiation at the expense of self-renewal in both primary myoblasts and myofiber cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
We also demonstrate that the transcriptional regulator PRDM16 (PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16) controls a bidirectional cell fate switch between skeletal myoblasts and brown fat cells. (bioseek.eu)
Conversely, ectopic expression of PRDM16 in myoblasts induces their differentiation into brown fat cells. (bioseek.eu)
Myogenic6
Muscle samples were collected and myogenic cells were isolated and cultivated. (nature.com)
Overall, Gln supplementation stimulated cell proliferation in muscle tissue and in vitro in myogenic cell culture, whereas muscle growth regulatory genes were barely altered. (nature.com)
Therefore, we complemented our investigations into the cellular development of the skeletal muscle of neonatal piglets with in vitro studies using a primary porcine myogenic cell culture model with Gln supplementation. (nature.com)
Muscle homeostasis is regulated by multiple cytoskeletal proteins and myogenic transcriptional programs responding to endogenous and exogenous signals influencing cell structure and function. (bvsalud.org)
Persistent expression of C/EBPβ upregulates Pax7, inhibits MyoD, and blocks myogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we show by in vivo fate mapping that brown, but not white, fat cells arise from precursors that express Myf5, a gene previously thought to be expressed only in the myogenic lineage. (bioseek.eu)
Myoblast3
The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is expressed in Pax7 + satellite cells of healthy muscle and is downregulated during myoblast differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that loss of C/EBPβ leads to precocious differentiation at the expense of self-renewal in primary myoblast and myofiber cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, these data indicate that PRDM16 specifies the brown fat lineage from a progenitor that expresses myoblast markers and is not involved in white adipogenesis. (bioseek.eu)
Mesodermal cells2
They form characteristic cell clusters in suspension culture that express a set of genes associated with pluripotency and can differentiate into endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal cells both in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
This is followed by a short excursion to the cardiopharyngeal field which gives rise to heart and head musculature and a summary of pharyngeal arch muscle development, including interactions between neural crest cells, mesodermal cells, and endodermal signals. (bvsalud.org)
Skeletal4
Postnatal growth and repair of skeletal muscle relies upon a population of quiescent muscle precursor cells, called satellite cells that can be activated to proliferate and differentiate into new myofibers, as well as self-renew to replenish the satellite cell population. (biomedcentral.com)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Proliferation5
Proliferating, BrdU-positive cells in muscle sections were detected with immunohistochemistry indicating different cell types and decreasing proliferation with age. (nature.com)
Cell culture experiments indicated that Gln could promote cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, but expression of myogenesis regulatory genes was not altered. (nature.com)
After injury, mature terminally differentiated kidney cells dedifferentiate into more primordial versions of themselves and then differentiate into the cell types needing replacement in the damaged tissue Macrophages can self-renew by local proliferation of mature differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)
The resulting cell-aligned constructs demonstrated remarkable improvement in actin filament alignment and cell proliferation compared with conventionally printed cell-laden constructs. (bvsalud.org)
Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)
Vivo4
They showed that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Ex vivo cultures of myofiber explants demonstrate that ablation of IRE1α reduces the proliferative capacity of myofiber-associated satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Protein2
Here we identify Heterochromatin Protein 1β (HP1β) as an essential protein for proper differentiation, and, unexpectedly, for the maintenance of pluripotency in ESCs. (biomedcentral.com)
We report our analysis of MyoD1 and MyoD2 protein sequences from 54 teleost species, and show that O. alcalica , along with some other teleosts, include a polyserine repeat between the amino terminal transactivation domains (TAD) and the cysteine-histidine rich region (H/C) in MyoD1. (mdpi.com)
Genes1
Here we reveal the expression patterns of the two MyoD genes in Oreochromis ( Alcolapia) alcalica using in situ hybridisation. (mdpi.com)
Proteins3
Recently, several chromatin-related proteins have been shown to regulate ESC pluripotency and/or differentiation, yet the role of the major heterochromatin proteins in pluripotency is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate cellular growth and differentiation, metabolism, and inflammation [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The evolutionary history of MyoD1 and MyoD2 is compared to the presence of this polyserine region using phylogenetics, and its functional relevance is tested using overexpression in a heterologous system to investigate subcellular localisation, stability, and activity of MyoD proteins that include and do not include the polyserine region. (mdpi.com)
Pluripotent cells2
Deletion of HP1β, but not HP1α, in ESCs provokes a loss of the morphological and proliferative characteristics of embryonic pluripotent cells, reduces expression of pluripotency factors and causes aberrant differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
The researchers were able to identify the minimal conditions and factors that would be sufficient for starting the cascade of molecular and cellular processes to instruct pluripotent cells to organize the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
This unique duality makes them an attractive system for potential regenerative medicine and cell therapies, but also for differentiation studies in vitro and for modeling diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular1
The results demonstrated the effectiveness of combining mechanical stimulation through blade casting with 3D bioprinting in promoting aligned cell structures, enhancing cellular functions, and driving muscle tissue regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
Subsequently1
The MyoD gene was duplicated during the teleost whole genome duplication and, while a second MyoD gene ( MyoD2 ) was subsequently lost from the genomes of some lineages (including zebrafish), many fish lineages (including Alcolapia species) have retained both MyoD paralogues. (mdpi.com)
Promotes1
Loss of PRDM16 from brown fat precursors causes a loss of brown fat characteristics and promotes muscle differentiation. (bioseek.eu)
Myofiber1
These cells are located beneath the basal lamina of myofiber in a dormant state. (elifesciences.org)
Fibers1
The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
Stem10
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst-stage embryo, are capable of generating all cell types of the mammalian body (pluripotency) and of maintaining the capacity for indefinite self-renewal without compromising their genomic integrity. (biomedcentral.com)
Induced stem cells (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming. (wikipedia.org)
Progenitors are obtained by so-called direct reprogramming or directed differentiation and are also called induced somatic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Some types of mature, specialized adult cells can naturally revert to stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
For example, "chief" cells express the stem cell marker Troy. (wikipedia.org)
While they normally produce digestive fluids for the stomach, they can revert into stem cells to make temporary repairs to stomach injuries, such as a cut or damage from infection. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, they can make this transition even in the absence of noticeable injuries and are capable of replenishing entire gastric units, in essence serving as quiescent "reserve" stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
This capacity to regenerate does not decline with age and may be linked to their ability to make new stem cells from muscle cells on demand. (wikipedia.org)
A variety of nontumorigenic stem cells display the ability to generate multiple cell types. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are stress-tolerant adult human stem cells that can self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
Self-renew1
After a single muscle injury, C/EBPβ-deficient satellite cells fail to self-renew resulting in a reduction of satellite cells available for future rounds of regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic1
Using genetic tools to conditionally abrogate C/EBPβ expression in Pax7 + cells, we examined the role of C/EBPβ in self-renewal of satellite cells during muscle regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Regeneration2
One example is the transformation of iris cells to lens cells in the process of maturation and transformation of retinal pigment epithelium cells into the neural retina during regeneration in adult newt eyes. (wikipedia.org)
These findings demonstrate that C/EBPβ is a novel regulator of satellite cell self-renewal during muscle regeneration acting at least in part through Notch2. (biomedcentral.com)
Occurs1
The fact that transdetermination (change of the path of differentiation) often occurs for a group of cells rather than single cells shows that it is induced rather than part of maturation. (wikipedia.org)
Tissues4
The epidemic of obesity, closely associated with increases in diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer and other disorders, has propelled a major interest in adipose cells and tissues. (bioseek.eu)
Adipose tissues contain two distinct types of fat cells, white and brown. (bioseek.eu)
The manipulation of fat stores is an obvious therapeutic dream, but disruption of the normal differentiation or development of white adipose tissues (WAT) causes ectopic lipid storage and severe pathology (lipodystrophy) in both humans and experimental animals. (bioseek.eu)
Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Nucleus2
Finally, we note that the undifferentiated ESC nucleus itself shows less spatial organization than in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The process involves sucking out the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell and injecting it into an oocyte that has had its nucleus removed Using an approach based on the protocol outlined by Tachibana et al. (wikipedia.org)
Expression1
In the head, specific gene regulatory networks underlie the differentiation in subgroups, which include extraocular muscles, muscles of mastication, muscles of facial expression, laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as cranial nerve innervated neck muscles. (bvsalud.org)
Types3
The head is often considered the most complex part of the vertebrate body as many different cell types contribute to a huge variation of structures in a very limited space. (bvsalud.org)
Most of these cell types also interact with each other to ensure the proper development of skull, brain, muscles, nerves, connective tissue, and blood vessels. (bvsalud.org)
Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Development1
In 1924 Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold demonstrated the key importance of cell-cell inductions during animal development. (wikipedia.org)
Primary1
In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Pluripotency1
We demonstrate an unexpected duality in the role of HP1β: it is essential in ESCs for maintaining pluripotency, while it is required for proper differentiation in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Loss1
However, in differentiated cells, loss of HP1β has the opposite effect, perturbing maintenance of the differentiation state and facilitating reprogramming to an induced pluripotent state. (biomedcentral.com)
Potential1
They are classified as either totipotent (iTC), pluripotent (iPSC) or progenitor (multipotent - iMSC, also called an induced multipotent progenitor cell - iMPC) or unipotent - (iUSC) according to their developmental potential and degree of dedifferentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Nuclear2
Induced totipotent cells can be obtained by reprogramming somatic cells with somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (wikipedia.org)
hESCs can be generated by SCNT using dermal fibroblasts nuclei from both a middle-aged 35-year-old male and an elderly, 75-year-old male, suggesting that age-associated changes are not necessarily an impediment to SCNT-based nuclear reprogramming of human cells. (wikipedia.org)