InfarctionAcuteMyocardiumPerfusionInfarctThrombolysisSTEMIMorbidity and mortaHypoxiaCardiacNecrosisIntermittentMetabolismVentricularDiagnosisPatientsIschaemicTherapeuticReperfusion therapyEndogenousLimbOutcomesCoronary arteryOccursMyocytesDysfunctionGlycolysisMarkersClinicallyOnsetTreatmentSURVIVALIschemic timeSelectiveTriggerOxygenInjurySegmentProtectivePresentRiskDeathHighEvidence
Infarction42
- T he treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has evolved substantially over the last 10 years in the United States. (thoracickey.com)
- 12 hours from the symptom onset are reconstructed according to the data of scintigraphic studies in patients with acute myocardial infarction. (thoracickey.com)
- The increase in the incidence of ischaemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in both high- and lowincome countries necessitates the development of myocardial salvaging/protection interventions, to be applied alongside standard reperfusion therapies. (sun.ac.za)
- Thirty-seven patients with early reperfused first-time ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction underwent CMR imaging within the first week after percutaneous coronary intervention. (biomedcentral.com)
- No MaR could be determined by endocardial extent of infarction in two patients with aborted myocardial infarction. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study demonstrated that the endocardial extent of infarction as assessed by LGE CMR underestimates MaR in comparison to T2-weighted imaging, especially in patients with early reperfusion and aborted myocardial infarction. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thus, time to reperfusion is thought to limit the transmural infarct progression rather than the endocardial extent of infarction. (biomedcentral.com)
- Acute myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a condition characterized by ischemic injury and necrosis of the cardiac muscle. (medscape.com)
- Acute inferior myocardial infarction on an ECG. (medscape.com)
- Apical left ventricular (LV) dyskinesis (ventricular aneurysm) after an anterior myocardial infarction. (medscape.com)
- PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcomes were composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke, based on the primary diagnosis in medical records during hospitalisation. (bvsalud.org)
- Should all patients with an acute myocardial infarction be referred for direct PTCA? (bmj.com)
- The management of patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction has evolved considerably during the last decades. (bmj.com)
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a frequent clinical condition associated with a high immediate and short term mortality and long term morbidity. (bmj.com)
- He had had a myocardial infarction more than 30 years earlier, followed by coronary artery bypass graft surgery seven years later. (clevelandclinic.org)
- On the other hand, the number of circulating hEPC is increased in hypoxia or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). (intechopen.com)
- The CK-MB isoenzyme level is used to assess tissue damage in myocardial infarction. (rnpedia.com)
- A patient is at greatest risk of dying during the first 24 to 48 hours after a myocardial infarction. (rnpedia.com)
- During a myocardial infarction, the left ventricle usually sustains the greatest damage. (rnpedia.com)
- The pain of a myocardial infarction results from myocardial ischemia caused by anoxia. (rnpedia.com)
- When chest pain is caused by an acute coronary occlusion, the initial ECG can show ST-segment elevation, which meets the criteria that indicate an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). (mhmedical.com)
- The right panel shows the LAD after percutaneous coronary intervention resulting in TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) 3 flow. (mhmedical.com)
- The ECG is the initial modality used in the evaluation of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. (mhmedical.com)
- It provides general information about presence and location of the acute ischemia/infarction process. (mhmedical.com)
- New methods are currently in development to transform the ECG waveforms into cardiac images, with algorithms to quantify key aspects of the ischemia/infarction process such as extent, acuteness, and severity. (mhmedical.com)
- Patients with completed, transmural infarct are also at risk for post-infarction regional pericarditis and myocardial rupture . (blogspot.com)
- Cell death occurs and finally leads to myocardial infarction. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cell apoptosis occurs, such as by activation of caspase-3 activity, and finally leads to myocardial infarction [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Worldwide morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related heart failure remain high. (hindawi.com)
- Among clinical emergency events, ST-segment elevation (STE) or the non-STE electrocardiogram diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is particularly common worldwide, with a staggering number of annual first episodes as well as recurrent ones [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Apoptotic cardiomyocyte death is an increasingly recognized feature of congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. (latestfashiontips.com)
- Apoptosis occurs in the infarcted area, border zone, and distal myocardium in acute myocardial infarction. (latestfashiontips.com)
- 333 consecutive adult patients with a suspected first acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio by computerised block randomisation to receive primary percutaneous coronary intervention with (n=166 patients) versus without (n=167) remote conditioning (intermittent arm ischaemia through four cycles of 5-min inflation and 5-min deflation of a blood-pressure cuff). (blogspot.com)
- Remote ischaemic conditioning before hospital admission, as a complement to angioplasty, and effect on myocardial salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomised trial " Lancet 27 February 2010 375: 727-734. (blogspot.com)
- Isoproterenol was administered in rats to induce myocardial infarction. (scialert.net)
- Among cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), myocardial infarction (MI) accounts for majority of death and disability and has high incidence rate in both developed and developing countries as seen over the past quarter century (Agrawal et al . (scialert.net)
- 2006). Reduction of death incidences and prevention of myocardial infarction are of utmost importance. (scialert.net)
- Whether cigarette smoking affects the heart post-myocardial infarction (MI) in a sex-dependent way remains controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
- Heart failure after myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Mechanisms, incidence and identification of patients a t risk. (miracormedical.com)
- Index of microcirculatory resistance-guided therapy with pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion improves coronary microvascular function and reduces infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the Oxford Acute Myocardial Infarction - Pressure-controlled Intermittent Coronary Sinus Occlusion study (OxAMI-PICSO study). (miracormedical.com)
- ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) for the lysis of thrombi in coronary arteries. (medicine.com)
- Limitations of use: The risk of stroke may outweigh the benefit produced by thrombolytic therapy in patients whose acute myocardial infarction (MI) puts them at low risk for death or heart failure. (medicine.com)
Acute8
- In the situation of acute coronary occlusion, the myocardium supplied by the occluded vessel is subject to ischemia and is referred to as the myocardium at risk (MaR). Single photon emission computed tomography has previously been used for quantitative assessment of the MaR. It is, however, associated with considerable logistic challenges for employment in clinical routine. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thus, using myocardial perfusion SPECT for determination of MaR in patients with acute coronary occlusion is a major logistic challenge not possible at many hospitals[ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Coronary thrombolysis and mechanical revascularization have revolutionized the primary treatment of acute MI, largely because they allow salvage of the myocardium when implemented early after the onset of ischemia. (medscape.com)
- The presence of diabetes mellitus is rarely addressed in acute lower limb ischaemia (ALLI). (springer.com)
- Local intra-arterial thrombolysis is the preferred treatment option for acute lower limb ischaemia (ALLI) in many vascular centres. (springer.com)
- The five patients included in this chapter represent the varied outcomes that can result from acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) that is intended to provide maximal salvage of ischemic myocardium. (mhmedical.com)
- The disease is chronic and can have long clinically silent periods, but can also become unstable at any time, usually due to an acute event. (thrombosisadviser.com)
- Data from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presenting during the time period of 3 to 4.5 hours after symptom onset who were treated with IV alteplase supports the use of alteplase for the treatment of patients presenting during this time period Hacke 2008. (medicine.com)
Myocardium11
- As time from symptom onset (artery occlusion) to reperfusion increases, the myocardium available to salvage decreases, which raises the risk of mortality ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 ). (thoracickey.com)
- In 1994, Gottlieb described the occurrence of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the ischemic and reperfused heart, and highlighted that programmed cell death taking place during reperfusion is a regulated process that might be blocked to salvage myocardium. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, glycolysis is one of the important conversions during early ischemia in myocardium. (biomedcentral.com)
- If it is true, such markers would offer the opportunity for early diagnosis of IHD before permanent myocyte damage occurs, which will allow possible salvage of the myocardium by timely reperfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
- The modest prognostic benefit of an opened infarct-related artery may be realized even when recanalization is induced only 6 hours or later after the onset of symptoms, that is, when the salvaging of substantial amounts of jeopardized ischemic myocardium is no longer likely. (medscape.com)
- w3 The associated ischaemic injury and subsequent myocardial necrosis spreads from the subendocardial to the subepicardial myocardium in a time span of several hours. (bmj.com)
- Objectives We assessed the effect of administration time for fasudil treatment of the stunned myocardium in 40 anesthetized open chest swine. (chk-signal.com)
- n\nMaterials and methods All swine were subjected to 12 min ischemia followed by reperfusion to generate stunned myocardium. (chk-signal.com)
- At the same time restoring the patency of the coronary vessels and providing the ischemic myocardium with blood can cause additional tissue damage. (eurekaselect.com)
- This coupled comorbidity of pathological ischemia and therapeutic reinjury of infarcted myocardium, namely, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), is particularly refractory to treatment [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- STEMI (ACCF/AHA [O'Gara 2013]): Ischemic symptoms within 12 hours of treatment or evidence of ongoing ischemia 12 to 24 hours after symptom onset with a large area of myocardium at risk or hemodynamic instability. (medicine.com)
Perfusion3
- Currently, the most widely used method to determine myocardial perfusion defects is myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). (biomedcentral.com)
- Myocardial salvage depends on the prompt, complete, and sustained restoration of myocardial perfusion. (bmj.com)
- At present, this can only be obtained by re-establishing coronary flow, although coronary reperfusion does not necessarily imply myocardial perfusion. (bmj.com)
Infarct4
- Compared with fibrinolytic therapy, primary PCI is able to achieve higher rates of TIMI grade 3 flow and infarct artery patency, and lower rates of reinfarction, recurrent ischemia, intracranial hemorrhage, and death in randomized clinical trials ( 5 ). (thoracickey.com)
- Time-independent benefits of opening the artery have also been suggested to exist, and include improving infarct healing, electrical stability, and reducing in reinfarction. (thoracickey.com)
- The accumulation of cardiac lactate was attenuated by PLCA during myocardial I/R, and infarct size was smaller in rats treated with PLCA (1 mg/kg) than in those treated with caffeic acid (1 mg/kg). (biomedcentral.com)
- Facilitation of glucose utilization contributes to the protective effect of AKT signaling to reduce infarct size and improve myocardial function in a heart subjected to I/R [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Thrombolysis1
- Thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary interventions, provided they can be delivered on time, can interrupt the occlusion and save tissue. (eurekaselect.com)
STEMI1
- All five patients included in this chapter presented with first-time STEMI due to an occluded left anterior descending coronary artery as documented by emergency coronary angiography ( Fig. 21-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
Morbidity and morta2
- Regardless of Impella support, salvage VT ablation is very challenging, involving high morbidity and mortality," says Oussama Wazni, MD , Section Head of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing at Cleveland Clinic, who served as lead cardiologist in many of these cases to date, including the one profiled below. (clevelandclinic.org)
- An increased requirement for pharmacologic or mechanical support in the weaning process was associated with higher morbidity and mortality and longer times on CPB. (medscape.com)
Hypoxia2
- We aimed to investigate the effect of PLCA on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) and on myocardial I/R in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
- The pathophysiological nature of MIRI is the short-term disturbance of myocardial energy and metabolism caused by reflow after ischemia and hypoxia in the coronary artery and the dynamic changes in apoptosis and the prosurvival signaling pathways in response to related injury factors. (hindawi.com)
Cardiac5
- Known specific markers for blood tests including CK-MB, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are released after the onset of significant necrosis instead of early ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
- With the exception of cardiac troponin I and T, all known biomarkers for myocardial ischemia were detected in our study. (biomedcentral.com)
- Reasonably specific markers for blood tests including creatine kinase muscle/brain isoform (CK-MB), cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are released after the onset of significant necrosis instead of early ischemia, and they all require a level of myocardial necrosis to prompt their release from myocytes before they can be detected. (biomedcentral.com)
- MI may also manifest itself as sudden cardiac death, which may not be apparent on autopsy (because necrosis takes time to develop). (medscape.com)
- Opinions are embraced and defended, but transfusion of red blood cells has not reliably demonstrated increased survival, other than in 2 specific populations, as follows: (1) those with active hemorrhage, and (2) those with active cardiac ischemia. (medscape.com)
Necrosis4
- For the first 15 minutes after coronary occlusion, myocardial necrosis is not observed. (thoracickey.com)
- At 40 minutes after coronary occlusion, myocardial cell death develops rapidly, and the myocardial necrosis is confluent. (thoracickey.com)
- Thus, they are not good biomarkers to diagnose myocardial injury before necrosis happens. (biomedcentral.com)
- On the other hand, it is impossible to salvage dead myocytes at the stage of necrosis when specific markers such as CK-MB, cTnT and cTnI are detected. (biomedcentral.com)
Intermittent1
- Many modifying factors may influence the absolute time periods of salvage ability (collaterals, intermittent occlusion, myocardial oxygen consumption, ischemic preconditioning, persistence of residual blood flow, recruitment of collaterals, hibernating). (thoracickey.com)
Metabolism1
- Protein to protein interaction network analysis showed glycolytic enzymes, such as isoform alpha-enolase of alpha-enolase, isoform 1 of triosephosphate isomerase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, had more connections than other proteins in myocardial metabolism during ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Ventricular2
- We've been pioneering use of the Impella 5.0 temporary LVAD to support patients with cardiogenic shock who need salvage ablation for ventricular tachycardia. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Cleveland Clinic has been pioneering the use of the Impella 5.0 temporary left ventricular assist device to provide support in patients who present in cardiogenic shock in need of salvage VT ablation. (clevelandclinic.org)
Diagnosis3
- These include prehospital variables (symptom onset to first medical contact, prehospital transport, prehospital notification, EMS-administered therapies) and in-hospital factors (diagnosis time, patient variables, cath lab staffing, and procedural time). (thoracickey.com)
- Biomarkers released from the heart at early stage of ischemia are very important to diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and salvage myocytes from death. (biomedcentral.com)
- Those biomarkers are impossible to be detected at early stage of ischemia and the diagnosis of IHD is often ambiguous. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients7
- Although the Impella device allows maintenance of patients without VT, they are still in cardiogenic shock, so close hemodynamic monitoring is required at all times. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Patients should all the time be questioned concerning adherence to and tolerance of prescribed remedy. (atpobtvs.com)
- At presentation, patients with DM had a lower degree of ischemia judged by the Rutherford classification, compared to those without DM (p = 0.023). (springer.com)
- From cut to close, VOI specializes in implants for TPLO, CBLO, TTA, Arthrodesis and limb salvage from toy to large breed including canine, feline and equine patients. (insighthack.com)
- We specialize in amputation prevention and limb salvage for patients who suffer from peripheral arterial disease (PAD). (insighthack.com)
- Vascular Institute is dedicated to providing the most comprehensive limb salvage program to our patients, physicians, and the community. (insighthack.com)
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is the first line mechanical circulatory support, which allows time for "bridge to decision" or "bridge to recovery" for rescue patients in refractory cardiocirculatory failure [3,4] . (rbccv.org.br)
Ischaemic2
- Although the phenomenon of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) is associated with the desired protective capacity, the necessity of its application before sustained ischaemia limits its clinical potential. (sun.ac.za)
- Remote ischaemic conditioning before hospital admission increases myocardial salvage, and has a favourable safety profile. (blogspot.com)
Therapeutic2
- This finding may provide new insight into pathology and biology of myocardial ischemia, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. (biomedcentral.com)
- A therapeutic drug that targets ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is needed and has yet to be developed. (biomedcentral.com)
Reperfusion therapy2
- Benefits of reperfusion therapy are time-dependent. (thoracickey.com)
- So the greatest myocardial salvage and mortality benefit from reperfusion therapy comes within the first few hours of therapy ( Fig. 17-1 ). (thoracickey.com)
Endogenous2
- These early trials are showing roles for stem cells both in replacing damaged tissue as well as in providing extracellular factors that can promote endogenous cellular salvage and replenishment. (biomedcentral.com)
- The possible underlying mechanism of the cardioprotective effect of T. terrestris could be due to restoration of endogenous myocardial antioxidant status or free radical scavenging activity along with correction of the altered hemodynamic parameters and preservation of histoarchitectural and ultrastructural alterations. (scialert.net)
Limb4
- VAC's scope of practice includes complete dialysis access maintenance services, limb salvage, venous and arterial disease treatment, and other related work. (insighthack.com)
- He provides wellness exams of diabetic feet, amputation prevention, limb salvage, ulceration treatment, and sports medicine foot care for casual and professional athletes. (insighthack.com)
- American Endovascular has brought together top Intervention Radiologists & Endovascular Specialists focused on limb salvage for one reason: to save lives. (insighthack.com)
- Placenta-derived stem cells are being considered for similar uses and are in Phase III clinical trial for critical limb ischemia by Israel's Pluristem Therapeutics. (biomedcentral.com)
Outcomes2
- As the association of KT timing on long-term survival and clinical outcomes remains unclear, we investigated the association of different KT waiting times with clinical outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
- Looking forward, we think time-dependent analyses will be helpful to examine the temporal relationship between hypoglycemia and cardiovascular outcomes, which could shed light on hypoglycemia's contribution to CV risk. (closeconcerns.com)
Coronary artery3
- The "holy grail" of modern interventional cardiology is the salvage of viable myocardial tissue in the distribution of an acutely occluded coronary artery. (eurekaselect.com)
- coronary artery bypass graft operation has been shown to be a safe and feasible procedure with the potential benefits of reduced operative bleeding and myocardial damage without prolonging intraoperative support or total operating time. (medicus.ru)
- While effective early reperfusion of the criminal coronary artery after a confirmed AMI is the typical treatment at present, collateral myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and pertinent cardioprotection are still challenging to address and have inadequately understood mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
Occurs1
- oxidative stress that occurs during reperfusion injury has been shown to induce apoptosis, over and above that induced by ischemia. (latestfashiontips.com)
Myocytes1
- Overview of Arrhythmias The normal heart beats in a regular, coordinated way because electrical impulses generated and spread by myocytes with unique electrical properties trigger a sequence of organized myocardial. (msdmanuals.com)
Dysfunction1
- Her subsequent work has explored the role of proteases and mitochondrial dysfunction in ischemia/reperfusion injury, and most recently, the importance of autophagy in mitigating reperfusion injury. (wikipedia.org)
Glycolysis1
- The uncoupling of glycolysis and glucose oxidation induces lactate accumulation during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Markers1
- In addition, a significant decrease in the activities of myocardial injury markers i.e., creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB isoenzyme) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was also observed in the heart of ISP control group as compared to sham control. (scialert.net)
Clinically1
- We tested the hypothesis that 8-Br is also protective under clinically relevant conditions (regional ischaemia) when applied either before ischemia or at the beginning of reperfusion, and this effect is associated with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). (mdpi.com)
Onset1
- Symptom-onset-toballoon time and door-to-balloon time are significantly correlated with mortality following primary PCI ( 6 , 7 and 8 ). (thoracickey.com)
Treatment4
- Her current projects are focused on the development of small-molecular cardioprotective agents for the treatment of reperfusion injury, mitochondria and stem cells in anthracycline-induced heart failure, rescue and role of complex I in myocardial ischemic injury, and microbial basis of cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Groups buy DZNeP C (n=10) and D (n=9) received saline before ischemia, and received fasudil at a rate of 13 mu g kg(-1)min(-1) starting just before reperfusion in group C and 30 min after reperfusion in group D. In both groups, treatment lasted 30 min. (chk-signal.com)
- Elective: This situation should not pose a problem to the parturient because there will be ample time to work up the patient (i.e., specific VWD subtype) and decide on proper treatment (i.e., the need for DDAVP for neuraxial replacement and/or for delivery). (renalandurologynews.com)
- We provide a new insight into this potential drug for the treatment of myocardial I/R injury. (biomedcentral.com)
SURVIVAL1
- all, antiviral therapy may improve the survival after liver resection by reducing recurrence and delaying the liver damage by the virus, resulting in a higher chance of receiving aggressive salvage therapy during HCC recurrence. (chk-signal.com)
Ischemic time3
- Therefore, in this study, we performed proteomic analysis on effluents from perfused human hearts of donors at different ischemic time. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, there were four glycolytic enzymes and two targets of matrix metalloproteinase released significantly from the heart when ischemic time was increasing. (biomedcentral.com)
- The mean concentrations of LDHB and PGAM2 in samples showed an increasing trend when ischemic time was extending. (biomedcentral.com)
Selective1
- The cells had been still left in selective moderate for 10 times after which these were trypsinized and cultured in selective mass media for propagation. (giknet.org)
Trigger1
- However, while myocardial reperfusion is well established, the process itself can trigger myocardial reperfusion injury by causing further cardiomyocyte death through multiple pathophysiological mechanisms [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Oxygen1
- With ischemia in coronary heart disease, impairment of the oxygen supply and metabolic disorder both occur [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Injury3
- Her research primarily focuses on the molecular basis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and on developing ways to mitigate damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Gottlieb leads ongoing research focused on autophagy, mitophagy and biogenesis, with particular attention to the molecular basis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and in developing ways to mitigate damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Conceptual diagram of the development and unknown mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. (hindawi.com)
Segment1
- Myocardial contractility was assessed by percent segment shortening (% SS). (chk-signal.com)
Protective1
- Gottlieb was the first to suggest that autophagy served a protective role in the setting of myocardial stress. (wikipedia.org)
Present1
- The ensuing vasoplegia, coagulopathy, and depressed myocardial function present numerous challenges during the weaning process, as well as during the following hours in the intensive care unit (ICU). (medscape.com)
Risk1
- FIGURE 17-1 Time dependency of myocardial salvage expressed as percentage of initial area at risk. (thoracickey.com)
Death2
- Apoptotic cell death follows well-defined time-depend-ent processes, which result in changes in the plasma membrane, proteolysis of intracellular proteins, loss of mitochondrial function, and characteristic DNA cleavage. (latestfashiontips.com)
- The degree of apoptotic cell death following ischemia/reperfusion may be reduced by the use of caspase inhibitors, antioxidants, and ischemic preconditioning. (latestfashiontips.com)
High2
- After global ischemia for 0 min, 30 min and 60 min at 4°C, effluents from five perfused hearts were analyzed respectively, by High performance liquid chromatography-Chip-Mass spectrometry (HPLC-Chip-MS) system. (biomedcentral.com)
- This is important in the setting of myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) due to high energy demands and low energy reserves. (biomedcentral.com)
Evidence1
- Normal RBBB, no evidence of ischemia. (blogspot.com)