• In the present study various peptides, synthesized according to the binding motifs for both the immunodominant epitope of myelin basic protein (MBP) 85-99, a candidate autoantigen in MS, and Cop 1, differentially inhibited binding of these antigens to disease-associated HLA-DR2 (DRB1*1501) molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Wucherpfennig, K.W. and Hafler, D.A. (1995) A review of T-cell receptors in multiple sclerosis: Clonal expansion and persistence of human T-cells specific for an immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide. (scirp.org)
  • Molecular dynamics at the receptor level of immunodominant myelin basic protein epitope 87-99 implicated in multiple sclerosis and its antagonists altered peptide ligands: triggering of immune response. (lktlabs.com)
  • Synthetic peptides that inhibit binding of the myelin basic protein 85-99 epitope to multiple sclerosis-associated HLA-DR2 molecules and MBP-specific T-cell responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To assess the safety and immunogenicity of TCR Vβ5.2 and Vβ6.1 peptides, we injected 11 multiple sclerosis patients with varying doses of two synthetic peptides, TCR Vβ5.2 39-59 and Vβ6.1 39-59 , encompassing the CDR2 region of these V gene families. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Myelin basic protein-specific T cells, which induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in many animal strains, may be important in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Autoreactive T cell clones such as TL3A6 and TL5F6 that recognize an autoantigen, which is potentially relevant for an autoimmune disease, for example, multiple sclerosis (MS), offer the potential to examine the disease pathogenesis and develop new treatments. (nih.gov)
  • This enzyme is thought to play a role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative human disorders, including Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis, and it has also been implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis. (platcovid.com)
  • The myelin sheath is a multi-layered membrane, unique to the nervous system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major constituent of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Systemic sublethal administration of Shiga toxin 2 increased the expressions of astrocytic GFAP and microglial Iba1, and decreased the expressions of endothelial glycocalyx, NeuN neurons from CA1 pyramidal layer and oligodendrocytic MBP myelin sheath from the fimbria of the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Myelin basic protein (MBP) and its interaction with lipids of the myelin sheath plays a crucial role for the formation of the myelin sheath in the human brain. (lu.se)
  • Myelinating Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a single axon and express high levels of myelin-related proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA). (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis of MS can be challenging because of variable disease presentation and significant clinical overlap with diseases such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD). (arupconsult.com)
  • For example, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum autoantibody and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG (MOG IgG) autoantibody are specific for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) and MOG-associated disease (MOGAD), respectively. (arupconsult.com)
  • We also did selective epitope mapping using BLAST and showed similarities and homology between spike, nucleoprotein, and many other SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the human tissue antigens mitochondria M2, F-actin and TPO. (frontiersin.org)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease that targets the central nervous system (CNS) and causes inflammatory demyelination and axonal loss, commonly affects young adults. (health.mil)
  • Through mechanisms that at present can only be speculated about, myelin disturbances result in axonal damage. (medscape.com)
  • Induction of circulating myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein-specific transforming growth factor-beta1-secreting Th3 T cells by oral administration of myelin in multiple sclerosis patients. (jci.org)
  • Here, we investigated whether in MS patients oral myelin treatment, containing both myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP), induced antigen specific MBP or PLP reactive T cells that either secreted IL4, TGF-beta1, or alternatively did Th1 type sensitization occur as measured by IFN-gamma secretion. (jci.org)
  • Methods: We replaced DCs by peripheral mononuclear cells and myelin autoantigens by glatiramer acetate (Copaxone (R)), a drug approved for the treatment of MS. Spleen cells were loaded with Copaxone (R), incubated with mitomycin C (MICCop) and injected into mice after the first bout of relapsing-remitting EAE. (uni-koeln.de)
  • The approval of three interferons-beta (IFNβ) and of glatiramer acetate (GA) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the early 1990s was the most important recent advance in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy. (touchneurology.com)
  • median 5.4) years earlier at Baylor College of Medicine under the direction of Jingwu Zhang, M.D., Ph.D with a T-cell vaccine developed from myelin basic protein (MBP) reactive T-cells. (pipelinereview.com)
  • Both Phase I/II clinical studies have demonstrated that T-cell vaccination depletes myelin reactive T-cells in peripheral blood. (pipelinereview.com)
  • We have shown that myelin reactive T-cells can be identified and used to produce T-cell vaccine which effectively induces the depletion of an individual's autoreactive T-cells and results in positive clinical outcomes. (pipelinereview.com)
  • MBP was initially sequenced in 1971 after isolation from bovine myelin membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specifically, 4,860 short-term T cell lines were generated to either MBP, PLP, or tetanus toxoid (TT) from 34 relapsing-remitting MS patients: 17 orally treated with bovine myelin daily for a minimum of 2 yr as compared to 17 nontreated patients. (jci.org)
  • Because the cationic bovine serum albumin carries a positive charge, it will be more difficult for the membrane to effectively impede the protein during the filtration process. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Smoking increases the risk of dermatologic features and nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid nodules and multiple joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and digital ischemia in systemic sclerosis, as well as further increasing the risk of accelerated atherosclerosis in these diseases. (nature.com)
  • In several instances, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and myocarditis, the autoimmune disease can be induced experimentally by administering self-antigen in the presence of adjuvant (collagen, myelin basic protein, and cardiac myosin, respectively) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Myelin basic protein has been classified as an intrinsically disordered protein that has no stable secondary structure in solution. (wikipedia.org)
  • In solution MBP is largely disordered and is considered as a prime example of an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). (lu.se)
  • After that he joined Forschungszentrum Julich to work first on a project using coherent X-ray diffraction in molecular biophysics, and later joined JCNS in 2011 to start working on the structure and dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins using small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy. (lu.se)
  • His current research interests are focused on the investigation of the structure and dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins and on the relevance of molecular flexibility for biological function. (lu.se)
  • Dr. Bruce Trapp, head of the neurosciences department at the Cleveland Clinic's Lerner Research Institute, is currently examining the natural biology of myelin by studying neurons from brains of deceased MS patients. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Now a large and ever increasing number of genetic subtypes has been described, and major advances in molecular and cellular biology have clarified the understanding of the role of different proteins in the physiology of peripheral nerve conduction in health and in disease. (medscape.com)
  • We believe the answer is probable, since some of the systemic disease clinical manifestations of COVID-19 cannot be explained solely by the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with cell membranes of tissues that exhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (frontiersin.org)
  • The filters are composed of membranes that are negatively charged and thus repel negatively charged molecules like your own proteins. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. (platcovid.com)
  • [ 6 ] However, the gene mutations responsible for the different forms of CMT1 are clearly myelin genes. (medscape.com)
  • This is not surprising given the strong evidence for interaction between myelin and axon gene expression in development and after experimental nerve lesions. (medscape.com)
  • It may also indicate recovery from an acute episode of myelin breakdown. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Serum eosinophil cationic protein and CD23 in acute RSV bronchiolitis. (medscimonit.com)
  • Alper G, Heyman R, Wang L. Multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis diagnosed in children after long-term follow-up: comparison of presenting features. (medscape.com)
  • [ 37 , 46 , 48 ] ADEM bears a striking clinical and pathological resemblance to other acute demyelinating syndromes (ADS) of childhood, including multiple sclerosis (MS). ADEM in children is readily distinguishable from alternative diagnoses on the basis of clinical features and findings on neuroimaging and laboratory investigations. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) bear a close pathological resemblance, each resembling the pathology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). (medscape.com)
  • Identification of a common immune regulatory pathway induced by small heat shock proteins, amyloid fibrils, and nicotine. (stanford.edu)
  • It is hoped that the pathogenic correlation of spirochaetal virulence to temperature and heat shock proteins (HSP) might encourage a new direction of research in molecular epidemiology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the protein localizes to the CNS and to various cells of the hematopoietic lineage. (wikipedia.org)
  • A "molecular mimicry" hypothesis of multiple sclerosis has been suggested, in which T cells are, in essence, confusing MBP with human herpesvirus-6. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clonally Expanded B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Bind EBV EBNA1 and GlialCAM. (stanford.edu)
  • RNA from a vaccine is also very unlikely to cause autoimmunity, as RNA is short-lived, being quickly degraded by cells after it has been used to make a protein. (healthfeedback.org)
  • RNA serves as the recipe or blueprint that instructs cells to make a particular protein. (healthfeedback.org)
  • A 2017 study published by Science Advances estimated that RNA used as protein blueprints (messenger RNA or mRNA) generally lasted for a mere two minutes in yeast cells [1] . (healthfeedback.org)
  • Specifically, T cells recognize parts of the 'insulation' that surrounds nerves, the myelin basic protein. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Currently Trapp, who founded a small start-up company Renovo Neural Inc., that is trying to grow and activate cells that create myelin. (cellmedicine.com)
  • By growing cells in vitro that are capable of making myelin, Dr. Calabresi found that some drugs, such as an approved antidepressant, have ability to induce regeneration. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Dr. Ito and his team further elucidated that EAE results from the decreased expression of Foxp3, CBLB, and ITCH genes in T cells, which alters the immunological tolerance to myelin basic protein. (health.mil)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the CNS that is presumably mediated by CD4 + autoimmune T cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • He obtained his PhD degree with Dr. Giuseppe Zaccai in 2009 in physics in the field of protein dynamics using quasielastic incoherent neutron spectroscopy as experimental method. (lu.se)
  • What is the role of autoantibody testing in patients with multiple sclerosis? (arupconsult.com)
  • Which diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with possible multiple sclerosis? (arupconsult.com)
  • Which lab tests should be considered for patients beginning or undergoing treatment for multiple sclerosis? (arupconsult.com)
  • METHODS: In the double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study dimethyl FUMArate treatment in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (FUMAPMS), patients with PPMS were randomly assigned to treatment with 240 mg dimethyl fumarate or placebo in a 1:1 ratio for 48 weeks. (ku.dk)
  • Myelin basic protein-specific T cell clones from some multiple sclerosis patients preferentially use TCR V genes from the Vβ5.2 and Vβ6.1 families. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dr. Sha Mi from Biogen found that patients with multiple sclerosis have overexpression of 'Lingo-1', a protein that inhibits myelin repair. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Copolymer 1 (Cop 1, poly [Y, E, A, K]) is a random synthetic amino acid copolymer effective in the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease that is linked to HLA-DR2 (DRB1*1501). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a presumed T cell-mediated Th1 type autoimmune disease. (jci.org)
  • The same disease can be induced by injecting mice with heart proteins mixed with adjuvant(s), which indicates that an active infection is not necessary for the development of autoimmune disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Multiple sclerosis or Lyme disease? (kentuckylymedisease.org)
  • Dr. Howard Weiner, who directs the Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital, believes that more progress has been made at blocking the early part of the disease than on repairing damage. (cellmedicine.com)
  • An unpredictable disease of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis (MS) can range from relatively benign to somewhat disabling to devastating, as communication between the brain and other parts of the body is disrupted. (apsfa.org)
  • In general, your CSF analysis results may show that you have an infection, an autoimmune disorder, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), or another disease or injury of the brain or spinal cord. (ai-seo.pl)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is primarily a disease of adults. (medscape.com)
  • Helsinki, "The role of chromosomes 2q33, 7q32 and 19q13 in multiple sclerosis susceptibility", Oct. 2009. (helsinki.fi)
  • Susceptibility to either ADEM or MS is likely the product of multiple factors, including a complex interrelationship of genetics and exposure to infectious agents and other environmental factors. (medscape.com)
  • In order to assess the specificity of MICCop-induced suppression, treated EAE mice were challenged with the control protein ovalbumin. (uni-koeln.de)
  • The myelin basic proteins (MBPs) are a family of polypeptides that are predominantly expressed in the nervous system where they play a major role in myelination. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Another set of animals were intracardially perfused with a fixative solution and their brains were subjected to immunofluorescence with lectins to determine the microvasculature profile, and anti-GFAP, anti-NeuN, anti-MBP and anti-Iba1 to study reactive astrocytes, neuronal damage, myelin dysarrangements and microglial state respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Schizophrenia is characterised by disturbances in multiple domains of brain functioning, few in vivo or postmortem studies of which find evidence for a particular structural alteration [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, a body of circumstantial evidence links diabetes, multiple sclerosis, myocarditis, and many other autoimmune diseases with preceding infections ( Table ) ( 7 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Autoimmune diseases are chronic in nature, whereas RNA has a very short lifespan, being quickly degraded after it has been used to make a protein. (healthfeedback.org)
  • WuXi Biology offers a full range of CNS efficacy and safety pharmacology assessments, from basic models and regulatory tests, to the evaluation of abuse and dependence liability and proconvulsant risk using EEG. (wuxibiology.com)
  • Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • At screening CSF concentrations, adjusted for age and sex, of NFL, myelin basic protein (MBP), soluble CD27, chitinase 3-like 1, and B-cell maturation antigen were higher than in a group of symptomatic controls. (ku.dk)
  • In this review we directly extrapolate basic phagocytic mechanisms from bone marrow-derived tissue macrophages to the less-known processes of microglia, but would like to point out that these assumed similarities might not fully hold true to the yolk sac-derived microglia. (frontiersin.org)
  • and commercialization of cell therapies, today announced positive top-line data in an open-label Phase I/II extension clinical trial of the investigational T-cell vaccine, Tovaxin™, for multiple sclerosis (MS). In this one-year, 8-subject extension clinical trial of relapsing remitting (RRMS) and secondary progressive (SPMS) subjects, Tovaxin therapy was shown to be safe and effective. (pipelinereview.com)