• their activity against Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae is more variable. (aafp.org)
  • To investigate the causes and clinical characteristics of acute pharyngitis among school-aged children (4 to 18 years), we obtained throat cultures for respiratory viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, group A streptococcus, and Chlamydia trachomatis from 320 patients with sore throat and 308 controls without respiratory complaints. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The family of Chlamydiaceae comprises 3 pathogens that can infect humans: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. (lecturio.com)
  • It has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) infections with Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and other organisms, as well as with genitourinary (GU) infections (especially with Chlamydia trachomatis ). (medscape.com)
  • Multiplex Real-time PCR Assay for the Detection of all Chlamydia Species and Simultaneous Differentiation of C. psittaci and C. pneumoniae in Human Clinical Specimens. (cdc.gov)
  • We developed and assessed the performance of a new multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of all Chlamydia species and simultaneous differentiation of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae-two important human respiratory pathogens-in human clinical specimens. (cdc.gov)
  • Next-generation sequencing was used to identify unique targets to design real-time PCR assays targeting all Chlamydia species, C. psittaci, and C. pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)
  • To validate the assay, we used a panel of 49 culture isolates comprising seven C. psittaci genotypes, eight C. pneumoniae isolates, seven other Chlamydia species, and 22 near-neighbor bacterial and viral isolates, along with 22 specimens from external quality assessment (EQA) panels and 34 nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and cerebrospinal fluid, stool, and sputum specimens previously identified as positive or negative for C. psittaci or C. pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)
  • It is a human pathogen that causes the disease mycoplasma pneumonia, a form of atypical bacterial pneumonia related to cold agglutinin disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1898, Nocard and Roux isolated an agent assumed to be the cause of cattle pneumonia and named it microbe de la peripneumonie Microorganisms from other sources, having properties similar to the pleuropneumonia organism (PPO) of cattle, soon came to be known as pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO), but their true nature remained unknown. (wikipedia.org)
  • Coverage against Streptococcus pneumoniae is inadequate, making the use of ciprofloxacin inappropriate in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. (aafp.org)
  • Indications for use include nosocomial pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections and serious penicillin- or cephalosporin-resistant S. pneumoniae infections. (aafp.org)
  • The definition of a parapneumonic effusion is a pleural effusion associated with either bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess or, rarely, external introduction of organisms associated with chest wall trauma. (medscape.com)
  • Common organisms that cause pneumonia include Respiratory Syncytical Virus, Influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma sp. (skh.com.sg)
  • Specific organisms may be involved in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) according to patients' age or underlying conditions. (pfmjournal.org)
  • The organisms involved in CAP are different from those in hospital-acquired pneumonia. (pfmjournal.org)
  • However, still it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis of pneumonia particularly regarding causative organisms related to the morphologic pneumonia. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Usually, patients affected with pneumonia may cough or sneeze, which creates small respiratory droplets that contain the disease-causing organism. (medicinenet.com)
  • Streptococcal Infections Streptococci are gram-positive aerobic organisms that cause many disorders, including pharyngitis, pneumonia, wound and skin infections, sepsis, and endocarditis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (S pneumoniae), also called pneumococcus, is the most common cause of pneumonia. (adam.com)
  • It is important to identify the infecting organisms, because they require different treatments, but the exact cause of pneumonia is only found in 30% to 40% of cases. (adam.com)
  • People with bacterial pneumonia need an antibiotic that is effective against the organism causing the disease. (adam.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of A total of 485 patients with a clinical di- the major causes of bacterial pneumonia agnosis of pneumonia were included in the [6,7]. (who.int)
  • The remaining 29 patients were pneumonia in young adults and children, those admitted to the intensive care unit, the second only to S. pneumoniae [9]. (who.int)
  • Community acquired pneumonia caused by susceptible organisms in patients who require initial intravenous therapy. (healthdirect.gov.au)
  • In contrast, standard bacterial cultures in BM showed S. pneumonia in 32% of BM, H. influenzae in 14% of BM, and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in 15% of BM 3,5,9,10 . (hqmeded.com)
  • Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia (such as those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, linked to influenza , or linked to COVID-19 ) are available. (wikizero.com)
  • [26] Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with rusty colored sputum. (wikizero.com)
  • [24] Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae may occur in association with swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck , joint pain , or a middle ear infection . (wikizero.com)
  • At our center, 11 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who had confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 were diagnosed with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection while in hospital. (medscimonit.com)
  • Apart from this, pneumonia is also caused by infection with micro-organisms, certain drugs, and other diseases. (vedobi.com)
  • Viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasitic organisms or other organisms can cause pneumonia. (vedobi.com)
  • In most cases, the organism that causes pneumonia (such as bacteria or viruses) is not detected by the test, but it is usually caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae. (vedobi.com)
  • People with a weak immune system can also get pneumonia caused by other organisms such as Pneumocystis jirovecii. (vedobi.com)
  • Antibiotic therapy for nursing home-acquired pneumonia should target a broad range of organisms, and drug-resistant microbes should be considered when making treatment decisions. (aafp.org)
  • Treatment of hospitalized patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia requires broad-spectrum antibiotics with coverage of many gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus . (aafp.org)
  • Where you work and live can put you at higher risk for exposure to pneumonia-causing organisms. (pneumoniaprotalk.com)
  • If Legionella pneumonia is suspected, the organism can be cultured on charcoal-yeast agar, which contains the high concentrations of iron and sulfur required for growth. (medscape.com)
  • The term "typical" CAP refers to a bacterial pneumonia caused by pathogens such as S pneumoniae , H influenzae , and M catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
  • These early quinolones targeted gram-negative organisms including Escherichia coli , and Klebsiella and Proteus species. (aafp.org)
  • The selection and diagnostic upper respiratory tract, particularly among criteria for primary and secondary pneumo- patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary nia were a positive chest X-ray and clini- disease, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae, cal features. (who.int)
  • Mycoplasma infections were seen even in patients less than 5 years and RS and influenza A virus infections in patients more than 5 years of age. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The third-generation fluoroquinolones (grepafloxacin, levofloxacin and sparfloxacin) have expanded coverage against streptococci and atypical organisms. (aafp.org)
  • March 2000 (community-acquired pneumo- pneumoniae is the primary cause of atypical nia cases). (who.int)
  • duplex assay for the differential detection of S. pneumoniae and B. pseudomallei, and triplex assay for the atypical bacterial pathogens. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The persistence of M. pneumoniae infections even after treatment is associated with its ability to mimic host cell surface composition. (wikipedia.org)
  • In summary, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are effective in treating (1) urinary tract infections caused by susceptible organisms, (2) respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible gram-negative organisms, (3) skin and soft-tissue infections and (4) osteomyelitis (ciprofloxacin only). (aafp.org)
  • The importance of M. pneumoniae and RS virus in the etiology of lower respiratory infections in Japanese children was confirmed. (iiarjournals.org)
  • For upper respiratory infections due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, penicillin is the usual drug of choice, including prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. (rxlist.com)
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the urinary tract, joints, and deep abscesses have been reported. (medscape.com)
  • Moxifloxacin is indicated in adult patients for the treatment of Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections including polymicrobial infections such as abscess caused by susceptible isolates of Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, or Peptostreptococcus species. (ndrugs.com)
  • It assists in the diagnosis of respiratory infections, as indicated by the presence or absence of organisms in culture. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae as the primary pathogen has also been reported, both in both the United States and abroad. (medscape.com)
  • The most common bacterial pathogen overall is S pneumoniae , although, in some settings, including in the United States, its incidence is decreasing, possibly owing to vaccination. (medscape.com)
  • Forty percent of patients had positive cultures for group A streptococcus, compared with 11.9% of the controls. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Patients infected with influenza A were significantly more likely to complain of cough and hoarseness, and were less likely to have pharyngeal exudate or tender cervical adenopathy, than were patients who had positive cultures for group A streptococcus. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • A few patients with common variable immunodeficiency present with unusual organisms, such as Pneumocystis jiroveci , mycobacteria, or various fungi. (medscape.com)
  • Fungi are slow-growing eukaryotic organisms that can grow on living or nonliving organisms and are subdivided into molds and yeasts. (medscape.com)
  • The measurement of antibody levels is a common test for the diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in research. (bvsalud.org)
  • Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis (PIGN) Postinfectious glomerulonephritis occurs after infection, usually with a nephritogenic strain of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae (PPLO, Eaton Agent). (rxlist.com)
  • Although 49 (15.8%) patients with acute pharyngitis had cultures positive for M. pneumoniae, 53 (17.6%) asymptomatic controls were also had M. pneumoniae-positive cultures. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Thus detection of M. pneumoniae in the throat of school-aged children with pharyngitis may not be sufficient to establish a diagnosis of disease caused by this organism. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • to be aware of the major organisms causing community- and hospital-acquired pneu- monia, so that therapy may be started with the most cost-effective and appropriate antibiotics [5]. (who.int)
  • Though prospective data with modern gold standard testing are rare, the literature suggests that Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a rare cause of bullous myringitis, and treatment should not differ from that of acute otitis media. (hqmeded.com)
  • evidence that M. pneumoniae causes BM, and treatment should not differ from other types of acute otitis media. (hqmeded.com)
  • We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients subsequently admitted to AMITA Health Saint Francis Hospital between March 1 and June 30, 2020, with documented SARS-CoV-2 and S. pneumoniae coinfection. (medscimonit.com)
  • Hayflick reasoned that the Eaton agent might be a mycoplasma, and not a virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chanock had never heard of mycoplasmas, and at Hayflick's request sent him egg yolk containing the Eaton agent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythromycin acts by inhibition of protein synthesis by binding 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible organisms. (nih.gov)
  • The drug is excreted in human milk.MicrobiologyErythromycin acts by inhibition of protein synthesis by binding 50 ribosomal subunits of susceptible organisms. (drugcentral.org)
  • Organisms resistant to quinolones often are resistant to other classes of antimicrobials. (cdc.gov)
  • Prompt reporting of resistance reduces the risk of complications of illnesses caused by inadvertent treatment of resistant organisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Many resistant organisms have multiple enzyme target site, porin, and efflux mutations, producing high-level resistance to quinolones. (cdc.gov)
  • Newer fluoroquinolones (i.e., levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, trovafloxacin, and grepafloxacin) are broad-spectrum agents with enhanced activity against many Gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. (cdc.gov)
  • As a class, the newer fluoroquinolones possess many characteristics that make them useful antimicrobial agents, including a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, good oral absorption and tissue penetration, relatively long serum elimination half-lives that allow once or twice daily dosing, predictable drug-drug interactions, and a relatively low incidence of serious side effects. (cdc.gov)
  • All mycoplasmas of the pneumoniae group possess similar 16s rRNA variations unique to the group, of which M. pneumoniae has a 6.3% variation in the conserved regions, that suggest mycoplasmas formed by degenerative evolution from the gram-positive eubacterial group that includes bacilli, streptococci, and lactobacilli. (wikipedia.org)