Mycoplasma fermentans. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes infections leading to clinically apparent disease involving the upper respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the few Mycoplasma species that causes human disease. (medscape.com)
Alternatively, the most common species of Mycoplasma (M. pneumoniae, M. ferementans, M. hominis, M. genitalium, M. penetrans) can also be ordered as individual tests. (immed.org)
CFS patients had a high prevalence (51%) of one of four Mycoplasma species and often showed evidence of co-infections with different Mycoplasma species, Chlamydia pneumoniae and/or active Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6). (curezone.org)
The most common mycoplasma, Mycoplasma pneumoniae , has a preference for lung tissue . (rawlsmd.com)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma fermentans (gram-positive, intracellular). (arminlabs.com)
Described in 1937 by Dienes and Edsall, cultivated by Eaton in 1944 on embryonated egg, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was cultured on artificial media by Chanock, Hayflick and Barile in 1961 proving the bacterial nature of this pathogen. (medical-actu.com)
Today the main differential diagnosis in acute cases in that of induction by infections, mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Epstein Barr Virus (EBV). (truemedicine.com.au)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a commonly occurring infection in the general population and is often found in the joints of arthritis patients. (truemedicine.com.au)
and positive cases were further tested for infections with the following species: M. fermentans, M. hominis, M. pneumoniae and M. penetrans. (thearthritiscenter.com)
Using species-specific primers, we were able to detect infections of M. fermentans (8/28), M. pneumoniae (5/28), M. hominis (6/28) and M. penetrans (1/28) in RA patients. (thearthritiscenter.com)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae : URTI - spread by coughs. (abcmedicalnotes.com)

Mycoplasma hominis causes genital mycoplasmal infections, which may result in diverse manifestations. (medscape.com)
Mycoplasma hominis may also be found in this population, but at lower frequencies, quite often in association with ureaplasmas. (medscape.com)
Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species, known collectively as the genital mycoplasmal organisms, are generally considered opportunists that cause invasive infections in susceptible populations. (medscape.com)
This is also the case with ALS patients where Mycoplasm fermentans, Mycoplasm hominis tested positive in virtually every case tested.Recent publications indicate the genital mycoplasmas (M. hominis, M. genitalium and Urreaplasma urealyticum) may cause serious infections involving the respiratory tract, heart, blood stream, central nervous system, sternotomy wounds, and prosthetic valves and joints of infants and adults. (lwtinternational.com)

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of M. fermentans to induce experimental arthritis in rabbits following inoculation of the bacteria in the trachea and knee joints. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies have also shown the presence of M. fermentans DNA and specific antibodies to the bacteria in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mycoplasma incognitus is a human invasive Mycoplasma type bacteria, as well as a disease agent that can cause a variety of different diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Because of this, M. incognitus is also considered by some to be a rickettsia type bacteria, but because it had more traits of a mycoplasma, they stuck with the final name of Mycoplasma incognitus. (wikipedia.org)
Mycoplasma species have also been mistakenly believed to be L-forms of bacteria, which also lack cell walls. (medscape.com)
Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma are genera that comprise more than 100 recognized species in the class Mollicutes, which are bacteria that lack a cell wall. (invivogen.com)
Unlike bacteria or fungi, mycoplasmas do not cause consistently observable alterations in cell culture such as rapid pH change or culture turbidity [2,4] . (invivogen.com)
The lack of a cell wall makes mycoplasma resistant to some commonly prescribed classes of antibiotics like penicillins, which normally work by interrupting a bacteria's cell wall so that when the bacteria divides, it falls apart. (rawlsmd.com)
The bacteria Mycoplasmas of the class Mollicutes, were once thought to be viruses due to their ability to pass through filters that block the passage of ordinary bacteria, because of their deformable membrane. (arminlabs.com)
Mycoplasmas have long been confused with L-forms of bacteria. (medical-actu.com)
By cons it has never been demonstrated relationship between mycoplasma and bacteria fitted wall and their place in the bacterial world is perfectly justified. (medical-actu.com)
Co-infections by other bacteria are often missed, such as Bartonella , Babesiosis, Mycoplasma fermentans, and Ehrlichiosis can also be transmitted. (newhealthadvisor.org)
Mycoplasmas are the smallest self-replicating, pleotrophic bacteria that lack cell walls [1,2]. (thearthritiscenter.com)
They appear to cause infection primarily as extra-cellular parasites and can be spread as airborne particles or via direct contact between individuals.Mycoplasmas hide intra-cellularly in a manner similar to the the borrellia spirochete (Lyme Disease), not inter-cellularly like bacteria. (lwtinternational.com)
A species of gram-negative bacteria causing PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA in calves. (uchicago.edu)
Mycoplasma dispar also possibly plays a synergistic role with other BACTERIA and VIRUSES to cause other RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES in calves. (uchicago.edu)

Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the M. fermentans 609 ftsZ gene to other ftsZ genes showed a 98% homology with Mycoplasma fermentans strain K7 and approximately 50% homology with Mycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma genitalium. (bgu.ac.il)
Mycoplasma genitalium is even less common in healthy asymptomatic hosts. (medscape.com)
Serologic studies and PCR have enhanced knowledge of several other fastidious and slow-growing mycoplasmal organisms, including Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma pirum, and Mycoplasma penetrans, Mycoplasma amphoriforme, and their possible roles in certain pathologic conditions in humans. (medscape.com)
In fact, every Gulf War patient with ALS that was tested for mycoplasma infection tested positive for M fermentans except one and he tested positive for M. genitalium. (lwtinternational.com)

A strain of M. fermentans was recently isolated from a mouse T-lymphoma cell line, which differs from other M. fermentans strains by its growth characteristics and was designated (in the authors' records) as strain 609. (bgu.ac.il)
1998) Genotypic and Phenotypic Analysis of Mycoplasma fermentans Strains Isolated From Different Host Tissues J Clin Microbiol. (wikipedia.org)
1998) Genotypic Characterization of Seven Strains of Mycoplasma fermentans Isolated From Synovial Fluids of Patients With Arthritis J Clin Microbiol. (wikipedia.org)
This study was undertaken to determine the pathogenicity of six of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) local field strains in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler breeder chicken embryos and the appropriate viscera organs for sampling in hatched chickens for detection and isolation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. (scirea.org)
Ching Giap Tan, Choon Howe Hoo, Aini Ideris, Mohd Hair-Bejo, Abdul Rahman Omar, Stanley H. Kleven, Pathogenicity of various Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains in vaccinated and non-vaccinated breeders flocks' chicken embryos, SCIREA Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine . (scirea.org)
Examination of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains using restriction endonuclease DNA analysis and DNA-DNA hybridisation. (scirea.org)
Fingerprinting of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains isolated from multiple-age layers vaccinated with live F strain. (scirea.org)
The largest group of the class Mollicutes is divided into more than 100 mycoplasma species, which are further subclassified into various strains. (thearthritiscenter.com)

Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma penetrans in experimentally infected chicken embryos. (scirea.org)
Some mycoplasmas, such as M. penetrans, M. fermentans and M. pirum, can enter a variety of tissues and cells and cause a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms [3]. (thearthritiscenter.com)

skin) in order Mycoplasmatales, only Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and Acholeplasma kinds can be isolated in humans. (medical-actu.com)
In humans, mycoplasma and ureaplasma can be isolated from genital and respiratory tracts. (medical-actu.com)

Investigations have focused on a possible link to it being a cofactor in HIV infection as well as fibromyalgia, Gulf War syndrome and Chronic fatigue syndrome, however the belief that M. fermentans is pathogenic in such conditions has largely been disregarded after the failure of several large scale studies to find a link. (wikipedia.org)
Mycoplasma fermentans was first described by Ruiter and Wentholt in 1952 from isolate of a human genital infection, which led to the initial name G-strain. (wikipedia.org)
In the late 1980s a mycoplasma infection was isolated during autopsy of AIDS patients. (wikipedia.org)
This new mycoplasma, dubbed M. incognitus was concerning as it could either be an opportunistic co-infection or a sexually transmitted infectious cofactor to the HIV disease process. (wikipedia.org)
it is a fast and convenient assay to detect infection of cells by the M. fermentans species. (bgu.ac.il)
Patient education regarding the common occurrence, relatively mild nature, appropriate therapy, and usually complete recovery from Mycoplasma infection is important. (medscape.com)
Mycoplasma organisms cause infection primarily as extracellular parasites, attaching to the surface of ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory and genital tracts. (medscape.com)
Nevertheless, mycoplasmas can have disastrous effects on eukaryotic cells, as they can alter every cellular function (proliferation, protein synthesis, susceptibility to viral infection, etc. (invivogen.com)
Summary A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect mycoplasma infection in human DNA samples of patients with CFS and related illnesses. (immunoscienceslab.com)
Pathogenicity Mycoplasma iowae infection for chick embryos. (scirea.org)
Mycoplasma fermentans infection has been linked to the induction of Crohn's Disease. (truemedicine.com.au)
Mycoplasmas appear to cause infection primarily as extracellular parasites. (lwtinternational.com)

Mycoplasma fermentans is a very small bacterium in the class Mollicutes. (wikipedia.org)

Due to its incredibly small size it is difficult to determine the full extent of its role in human diseases, while M. fermentans has been implicated in a myriad of diseases, research at the current point has not conclusively proven its pathogenicity in humans outside of opportunistic infections. (wikipedia.org)
36(5): 1371-1377 Razin, Shmuel, Yogev, David and Naot, Yehudith (1998) Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas Microbial Mol Biol Rev. 62(4): 1094-1156 Schaeverbeke, Thierry et al. (wikipedia.org)

The presence of M fermentans was demonstrated in the throats of children with pneumonia and in the synovial fluid of persons with rheumatoid arthritis. (medscape.com)
The type of pneumonia caused by mycoplasma, often called "walking pneumonia," is rarely severe enough to result in hospitalization, though it can drag on for weeks or even months. (rawlsmd.com)
Mycoplasma pneumonia (and other species), Borrelia b. (phelix.org.uk)

Mycoplasma organisms are small (150-250 nm) and have deformable membranes. (medscape.com)
Mycoplasmas are the smallest and simplest self-replicating organisms. (invivogen.com)
Mycoplasma species are the smallest free-living organisms and are unique among prokaryotes in that they lack a cell wall. (medscape.com)
Mycoplasma organisms usually are associated with mucosae. (medscape.com)

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients subsequently diagnosed with Lyme Disease Borrelia burgdorferi: evidence for Mycoplasma species co-infections. (immed.org)
Mycoplasma fermentans (and other species), Borrelia b. (phelix.org.uk)
Helicobacter pylori , coronavirus, Mycoplasma Species, Borrelia spp. (phelix.org.uk)
The samples were tested for Mycoplasma fermentans, Borrelia burdorferi, Babesia microti and Bartonella henselae. (blogspot.com)

Multiple co-infections (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Human Herpesvirus-6) in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients: association with signs and symptoms. (immed.org)

Since M. incognitus is a mycoplasma, it does not have a cell wall, which means that it is naturally immune to many different antibiotics, such as penicillin or other antibiotics that target the cell wall. (wikipedia.org)
Mycoplasma incognitus acts as a parasite, and gains most of its nutrients from its host because it has a very small genome, consisting of only the genes essential for life. (wikipedia.org)
There have been frequent unsuccessful attempts at isolating a culture of M. incognitus because it is more fastidious in cultivation requirements than other mycoplasmas. (wikipedia.org)
M. incognitus can metabolize arginine, and scientists believe that it is possible that mycoplasmas that utilize arginine may be more pathogenic than those that don't. (wikipedia.org)
Mycoplasma incognitus cannot survive unless it is inside a host. (wikipedia.org)

More than 200 known types of mycoplasma (and probably many yet to be discovered) can infect animals and plants. (rawlsmd.com)
There are 200 types of mycoplasma. (find-article-translated.com)

This work demonstrates that: (i) DD can be used as a useful technique to identity and isolate mycoplasmal genes from infected cells, and (ii) the ftsZ gene can be a useful marker to distinguish between different species of mycoplasma. (bgu.ac.il)

In a published study, 17.4 % of 230 symptomatic US-residents in a endemic area for tick-borne diseases were tested positive for Mycoplasma. (arminlabs.com)
What happens if my culture is positive for mycoplasma contamination? (eurofinsgenomics.eu)

Mycoplasmacheck can detect all mycoplasma species that contaminate cell cultures. (eurofinsgenomics.eu)

lnvestigations into the survival of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma iowae on materials found in the poultry house environment. (scirea.org)

Formerly, mycoplasmas were considered as relative benign microorganisms with a low pathogenic potential. (thearthritiscenter.com)

MycoStrip™ is able to detect as low as 10-10 2 CFU/ml and thus, can be used to detect mycoplasma contamination before it significantly affects experimental results, which typically occurs at ~10 7 CFU/ml [1]. (invivogen.com)

MycoStrip™ has been specifically designed to detect the Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species that most commonly contaminate cell culture. (invivogen.com)

The name Mycoplasma refers to the plasticity of the bacterial forms resembling fungal elements. (medscape.com)
PlasmoTest™ is based on detection of mycoplasmas by engineered cells that express Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) , a pathogen recognition receptor that detects bacterial membranes components. (invivogen.com)

Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination: Effects on egg transmission and egg production. (scirea.org)

In 1954 D.G. Edward identified a strain of mycoplasma in his laboratory isolated from 91 different samples collected from humans that differed in its ability to ferment sugars, he labeled this strain human type 3 as it was the 3rd strain he found in the group of samples. (wikipedia.org)
TLR2 is highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and, to date, there have not been any reports of a mycoplasma strain able to go undetected by TLR2. (invivogen.com)
Mycoplasmas are part of the microbial flora of humans and are found mainly in the oropharynx, upper respiratory tract, and genitourinary tract. (clinicalgate.com)

In 1955 Edward proposed a new naming structure renaming his human type 3 strain and Ruiter and Wentholt's G-strain to M. fermentans due to its believed unique ability amongst the group to ferment multiple sugars. (wikipedia.org)
This "new" mycoplasma however was later determined to be a strain of M. fermentans[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
Proposal for Classifying Human Strain Navel and Related Simian Mycoplasmas as Mycoplasma primatum sp. (wikipedia.org)
Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitive strain) probably comes from the nucleus of the bacterium Brucella. (find-article-translated.com)

Mycoplasmas are often found as extracellular parasites attached to the external surfaces of host cells, but some species invade host tissues and cells, and replicate intracellularly. (thearthritiscenter.com)

Mycoplasma fermentans was reported as a common contaminant of cell cultures, and was shown to either induce or suppress several immunological functions. (bgu.ac.il)
Thus, PlasmoTest™ can detect any type of mycoplasma in your cell cultures. (invivogen.com)

With over 40 years of experience in developing mycoplasma solutions for the scientific community, InvivoGen's MycoStrip™ offers a new method for the detection of mycoplasma in cell culture, allowing you to combat the contamination. (invivogen.com)
Mycoplasma is a major problem in cell culture, with various sources of contamination such as lab operators, dirty water baths/incubators, and biological reagents. (invivogen.com)
Mycoplasma contamination of cells often goes unperceived. (invivogen.com)
The only way to confirm mycoplasma contamination is by routine testing using one or more special techniques, including direct growth on broth/agar, specific DNA staining, PCR, ELISA, RNA labeling and enzymatic procedures. (invivogen.com)

Mycoplasmas are the smallest known form of independent living. (medical-actu.com)
Mycoplasmas represent the smallest known free-living forms. (lwtinternational.com)

The primary habitats of human and animal mycoplasmas are the mucous surface of the respiratory and urogenital tracts, the eyes, mammary glands and joints [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mycoplasmas are common inhabitants of the human respiratory and genitourinary tracts where they produce chronic infections, they also are able to invade other tissues and in some cases induce an autoimmune response [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

M. fermentans possesses a potent immunomodulator product named macrophage activating lipopeptide 2 (MALP-2) which activates macrophages to release cytokines which may in turn increase the neutrophilic infiltrate into the joint. (biomedcentral.com)
A Mycoplasma fermentans -derived synthetic lipopeptide induces AP-1 and NF-κB activity and cytokine secretion in macrophages via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. (zju.edu.cn)

General characteristics of Mycoplasma species. (medscape.com)
These shapes have a wall of residue which ensures their replication but they are devoid of rigidity and their morphological and cultural characteristics they resemble mycoplasmas. (medical-actu.com)

This mycoplasma has been detected in blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, producing systemic mycoplasmal infections [ 14 ], these results suggest that M. fermentans may play a role in the development of the disease. (biomedcentral.com)
MSA testing may identify the specific Mycoplasmal entities.Considerable research is being done where mycoplasma bacterium are concerned and the presence of systemic mycoplasmal infections in the blood of Gulf War veterans has generated much interest. (lwtinternational.com)

Easy to perform, and unlike most other mycoplasma detection assays, no special lab equipment is required. (invivogen.com)

M. fermentans produced an acute arthritis in rabbits. (biomedcentral.com)

Several mycoplasma species have been closely associated with many chronic degenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, according to publications like the International Reviews of Immunology and the British Journal of Medical Practitioners , respectively. (rawlsmd.com)

36(5): 1226-1231 Scott, Donald W. (2001) Mycoplasma and Neurosystemic Diseases Nexus Magazine vol. 8 #5 Citations Lo, S. C. (wikipedia.org)

Since research organizations have limited personnel and must deal with compliance issues, InvivoGen has developed a simple and practical mycoplasma detection kit, PlasmoTest™, which sits right in the incubator alongside cells. (invivogen.com)

Mycoplasma fermentans has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
M. fermentans induced arthritis regardless of the inoculation route. (biomedcentral.com)
reported the presence of Mycoplasma fermentans in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis [ 7 ], but these results could not be reproduced in further investigations probably because of the fastidious growth requirements of the microorganism [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
detected M. fermentans by PCR in 88% of synovial fluid samples from patients with different arthritis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MALP-2 could induce the release of macrophage-derived 5'-nucleotidase, this enzyme may occur in joints in excessive amounts when M. fermentans is present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These abilities are used by mycoplasmas during the induction of natural arthritis in animals. (biomedcentral.com)

Simply prepare your sample and add our proprietary Reaction Mix to target and amplify the 16S rRNA gene for the most commonly found mycoplasma species in cell culture. (invivogen.com)
Mycoplasmas are commonly found in the oral cavity and as symbiotic gut flora. (thearthritiscenter.com)

Enzymes: mycoplasma, turns to his advantage cholesterol and other nutrients to the membrane of the host cell, creating a lethal depletion. (medical-actu.com)
Interactions between mycoplasma lipid-associated membrane proteins and the host cells[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 2006, 7(5): 342-350. (zju.edu.cn)

Besides affecting cell growth and morphology, mycoplasmas are able to alter metabolic, immunological and biochemical functions [3]. (thearthritiscenter.com)

Mycoplasma fermentans is capable of fermenting both glucose and arginine as well as other sugars. (wikipedia.org)

Organisms9

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs1

Pneumoniae12

Hominis4

Bacteria16

Genitalium4

Strains8

Penetrans2

Ureaplasma2

Infection12

Mollicutes1

Pathogenicity2

Pneumonia3

Organisms4

Borrelia4

Chlamydia1

Incognitus5

Types of mycoplasma2

Species of mycoplasma1

Positive for mycoplasma2

Contaminate cell cultures1

Synoviae1

Pathogenic1

Detect mycoplasma1

Acholeplasma1

Bacterial2

Gallisepticum1

Humans3

Strain4

Extracellular parasites1

Cell cultures2

CONTAMINATION4

Smallest known2

Respiratory2

Lipopeptide2

Characteristics2

Mycoplasmal infections2

Assays1

Acute1

Chronic1

Citations1

InvivoGen1

Arthritis6

Commonly found2

Membrane2

Biochemical1

Arginine1