• To determine the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in this common nail salon equipment, we undertook a mycobacteriologic survey of footspas in nail salons in California from November to December 2000. (cdc.gov)
  • Multifocal osteomyelitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with a genetic defect of the interferon-gamma receptor. (vint.cz)
  • A 2019 retrospective study in Taiwan concluded that surgical resection of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) solitary pulmonary nodules is curative in asymptomatic patients without positive culture of the same NTM species from respiratory specimens and a history of NTM pulmonary disease. (vint.cz)
  • It can also induce granulomatous infection in humans called "fish tank disease" [ 2 ] and, as other nontuberculous mycobacteria, is responsible for opportunistic infections in immune-deficient patients [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mycobacterium chelonae belongs to the family of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) classified in the rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), Runyon group IV that are nonpigmented. (medscape.com)
  • A number of components of the mycobacterial cell wall such as glycopeptidolipids, short chain mycolic acids, monomeromycolyl diacylglycerol, etc. have been shown to play an important role in formation of pellicle biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • Overexpression of Rv0494 in Mycobacterium bovis BCG reduced the basal level expression of kas operon genes, thereby suggesting the repressor nature of this protein in fatty acid synthase II regulation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A knockdown strain of the BCG2529, the Rv2509 homologue in Mycobacterium bovis BCG was unable to survive following conditional depletion of BCG2529. (essex.ac.uk)
  • 7) Susceptibility to Thiopen-2-Carboxylic Acid Hydrazide (TCH): The addition of 10 µg / ml TCH will not inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis, but the growth of South Indian strains of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis are inhibited by this TCH. (vint.cz)
  • The Mycobacterium bovis complex is a diverse group of species, serovars and morphotypes that cause tuberculosis-like diseases in animals and humans. (up.ac.za)
  • Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. (up.ac.za)
  • Notably, in contrast with the WT, which aggregates and forms biofilm, the aceE -mut lost its ability of growing aggregately and biofilm formation, which are two very important features of mycobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over all, this study indicates that aceE gene plays a significant role in the mycolic acid synthesis and affects the colony morphology, biofilm formation of M. smegmatis and bacteria invasion of macrophage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glycopeptidolipids are indispensable for initial surface attachment during biofilm formation in Mycobacterium smegmatis [ 111 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth pattern of Mycobacterium species are different such as M. chelonae and M. fortuitum form biofilm as vertical and entire surface growth, respectively [ 93 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, lipids (mainly keto-mycolic acids) are proposed to be the primary component of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the pellicle biofilm, whereas the leukocyte lysate-induced and thiol reductive stress-induced biofilms possess polysaccharides as the primary component of EPS. (microbialcell.com)
  • An article in the Dec. 2 issue of Cell examines how mycobacteria, the category of bacteria that includes the pathogens behind tuberculosis and leprosy, grow into a communal structure called a biofilm. (pharmexec.com)
  • The researchers identified a gene, groEL1, which is essential for mycobacteria to turn into a biofilm. (pharmexec.com)
  • It also shows that groEL1, a protein present in all mycobacteria, is essential for biofilm formation. (pharmexec.com)
  • It is hydrophobic and adheres to surfaces, owing to the structure and make up of its mycolic acids resulting in biofilm formation. (medscape.com)
  • The successful use of a bacteriophage cocktail to treat a Mycobacterium abscessus infection suggests that phages could play a role in tuberculosis therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mycobacterium abscessus Infection most common in Central and West Africa around areas of lush vegetation and swamps but may also occur in Australia. (vint.cz)
  • A number of non-tuberculous mycobacterium species are opportunistic pathogens and ubiquitously form biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • We have discussed the biofilms of several pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species in context to the in vivo pathologies. (microbialcell.com)
  • From these rapidly generated results, we can hypothesise and extrapolate how slow-growing mycobacterium species and their phages may interact in these conditions, helping guide the design of future experiments and therapies. (cit.ie)
  • Atypical mycobacteria (MAC) diseases are caused by species of mycobacteria that do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy. (vint.cz)
  • Besides pathogenic NTMs, Mycobacterium smegmatis is often used as a model organism for understanding mycobacterial physiology and has been studied extensively for understanding the mycobacterial biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • The highly complex and unique mycobacterial cell wall is critical to the survival of Mycobacteria in host cells. (inrae.fr)
  • Rv3802c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a partially characterized phospholipase/thioesterase encoded within a genetic cluster dedicated to the synthesis of core structures of the mycobacterial cell wall, including mycolic acids and arabinogalactan. (inrae.fr)
  • In our study, online resources for comparative genomics analysis between strains by using databases such as MGDD (Mycobacterial Genome Divergence Database), Biohealth base, GenomycDB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis database, and TBDB (Tuberculosis Database). (ijpsr.com)
  • Before this outbreak, M. fortuitum and other rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) caused localized cutaneous infections but usually in a healthcare-associated setting with surgical or clinical devices contaminated with water from the hospital or from the municipal water system ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The carboxyl group of mycolic acids is vertically covalently linked to the hydroxyl group of arabino-galactan by ester bond, arabino-galactan is linked to the peptidoglycan layer by phospholipid bond, whereas other glycolipids and free lipids are regularly distributed in the thicker layer of mycolic acids [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As an important intermediate metabolite, acetyl-coA not only participates in tricarboxylic acid cycle as well as the glyoxylate cycle but also provides carbon source for the synthesis of mycolic acid and lipids [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inspired by the natural environment of the MspA protein, we explored mycolic acids from the cell wall of Mycobacteria smegmatis as a viable alternative to the PC lipids used in previous experiments. (boyanpenkov.com)
  • Escherichia coli unsaturated fatty acid synthesis: complex transcription of the fabA gene and in vivo identification of the essential reaction catalyzed by FabB. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • As a result he speculated that these two proteins were not able to get into their proper formations for fatty acid synthesis without the help of groEL1. (pharmexec.com)
  • The leading TB drug, Nydrazid or Laniazid (isoniazid), inhibits the synthesis of the longer chains of fatty acids that are part of the tuberculosis bacterial cell wall, Hatfull said. (pharmexec.com)
  • Disruption of msl3 abolishes the synthesis of mycolipanoic and mycolipenic acids required for polyacyltrehalose synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and causes cell aggregation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • While the M. smegmatis enzyme could be functionally expressed, the M. tuberculosis homologue was insoluble and inactive under a large variety of expression conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the M. smegmatis enzyme, the Vmax for S-adenosylmethionine formation was 1.30 μmol/min/mg protein and the Km for methionine and ATP was 288 μM and 76 μM respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The kinetic properties of the M. smegmatis enzyme were also similar to known prokaryotic methionine adenosyltransferases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the examination of biochemical pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis , it would be ideal to identify processes where an enzyme plays a role in both active and chronic phase survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2019. Opposing reactions in coenzyme A metabolism sensitize Mycobacterium tuberculosis to enzyme inhibition. . (cornell.edu)
  • Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of whole-organism acid methanolysates of Mycobacterium chitae gives a characteristic pattern composed of a α-mycolate, a lower molecular weight α'-mycolate and characteristic pairs of polar mycolates. (url.edu)
  • Lenfant 2013 Nucleic.Acids.Res. (inrae.fr)
  • The therapeutic potential of bacteriophages against Mycobacterium tuberculosis offers prospects for shortening antibiotic regimens, provides new tools for treating multiple drug-resistant (MDR)-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB infections, and protects newly developed antibiotics against rapidly emerging resistance to them. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tuberculosis caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains is a growing problem in many countries. (ijpsr.com)
  • These structures are unusual because the common extracellular matrix is made out of long chains of fatty acids. (pharmexec.com)
  • Among the PRRs, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and complement receptor 3 (CR3) have been demonstrated to play key roles in macrophage- Mycobacterium interactions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To assemble a phage cocktail with optimal therapeutic potential for tuberculosis, we have explored mycobacteriophage diversity to identify phages that demonstrate tuberculocidal activity and determined the phage infection profiles for a diverse set of strains spanning the major lineages of human-adapted strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Co-precipitation studies with the host Mycobacterium smegmatis identified the ATPase MoxR as an interacting partner protein. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the other hand, the MspA protein from Mycobacteria smegmatis contains a much narrower constriction zone, which in turn yields much higher current resolution for a single-strand DNA translocation experiment. (boyanpenkov.com)
  • Protein inactivation in mycobacteria by controlled proteolysis and its application to deplete the beta subunit of RNA polymerase. (cornell.edu)
  • 2015. Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biotin Protein Ligase (MtBPL) with Nucleoside-Based Bisubstrate Adenylation Inhibitors. . (cornell.edu)
  • In both strains, mycolic acids had fewer double bond numbers in phenol conditions than the glucose condition, and evol40 had significantly shorter mycolic acid chain lengths than the WT strain in phenol conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The gene encoding methionine adenosyltransferase has been cloned from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the model organism M. smegmatis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • This feature of M. smegmatis increases the pace of analysis, by ensuring the quick isolation and characterisation of MP and acting as a model organism for proof-of-concept studies. (cit.ie)
  • The analysis of mycolic acid (MA) using LC-MS indicated deficiency of alpha-MA and epoxy-MA in aceE -mut strain whereas complementation of the aceE -mut with a wild-type aceE gene restored the composition of MA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene toxicity provides potential insights into function, and here we screened 193 unrelated genes encoded by 13 different mycobacteriophages for their ability to impair the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, we demonstrate direct evidence of gene essentiality in M. smegmatis and show the structural consequences of loss of MSMEG_6394 function on the cellular integrity of the organism. (inrae.fr)
  • Escherichia coli FadR positively regulates transcription of the fabB fatty acid biosynthetic gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We also show that unlike the M. smegmatis homologue which was not essential for growth, Rv2509 was an essential gene in slow growing mycobacteria. (essex.ac.uk)
  • When mycobacteria form biofilms they produce shorter chains of fatty acids, 58 to 68 carbons in length, Hatfull said. (pharmexec.com)
  • Mycobacterium smegmatis mc 2 155 is a useful substitute for slow-growing pathogenic mycobacteria, as it propagates quickly under lab conditions. (cit.ie)
  • Formation of biofilms in mycobacteria can be defined as similar as other biofilms communities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study's authors may be speculating about tuberculosis colonizing into biofilms, but they demonstrated that Mycobacteria smegmatis , a relative of tuberculosis that is easier to work with in the lab, does grow into biofilms. (pharmexec.com)
  • But it does show that M. smegmatis , another member of the same class does create biofilms. (pharmexec.com)
  • Sequence analysis and homology modelling indicates that Rv2509 belongs to the short‐chain fatty acid dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, but with some distinct features that warrant its classification as belonging to a novel family of short‐chain dehydrogenases. (essex.ac.uk)
  • 2017. Programmable transcriptional repression in mycobacteria using an orthogonal CRISPR interference platform. . (cornell.edu)
  • Tsukamura M, Mizuno S, Tsukamura S. PMID: 5301575 For many years, the Runyon classification of Mycobacterium was utilized in clinical laboratories to provide a convenient way to differentiate among … What are the factors which induce heart failure? (vint.cz)
  • We observed that the colony morphology of aceE -mut was quite different, smaller and smoother on the solid culture medium than the wild-type (WT) strain during the transposon library screening of M. smegmatis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that Phaedrus gp82 overexpression in M. smegmatis retards the growth of M. smegmatis on solid medium, resulting in a small colony phenotype. (bvsalud.org)
  • The impacts on M. smegmatis growth range from mild to severe, but many cause irreversible loss of viability. (bvsalud.org)
  • M. smegmatis was used to spike various matrices before applying phage to provide insights into which matrices permit phage infection. (cit.ie)
  • Repeated exposure to these atypical mycobacteria may cause subclinical infection in man that may. (vint.cz)
  • Persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice requires PerM for successful cell division. (cornell.edu)
  • According to Jacobs, groEL1 is probably involved in processing proteins that are essential for switching to the shorter fatty acid chains, KasA and KasB. (pharmexec.com)
  • ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting): Mycobacteriophage: A demonstration of the reduction of M. smegmatis in various matrices. (cit.ie)
  • Mycobacteriophage: A demonstration of the reduction of M. smegmatis in various matrices. (cit.ie)
  • The organism is surrounded by a dense waxy coat consisting of unusual long-chain fatty acids (mycolipids) with hydroxyl, methyl, and cyclopropyl substitutions that prevent many common antibiotics from entering the cell [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ce criblage a conduit à la découverte d'un composé salicylanilide, le closantel, et de certains de ses dérivés en tant qu'inhibiteurs qui ont une activité importante contre Mtb in vitro. (ipbs.fr)
  • En combinant une approche in silico et la validation in vitro de l'activité des protéines, nous avons récemment mis en évidence des propriétés structurales et la sélectivité de substrat de ces enzymes. (ipbs.fr)
  • L'enveloppe mycobactérienne est unique dans le monde bactérien, tant par sa composition riche en composés structurellement exotiques, que par son agencement, avec notamment la présence d'une membrane externe et d'une membrane interne. (ipbs.fr)
  • These results indicate that phenol adaptation affected mycolic acid membrane composition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results suggest that the alteration of the mycolic acid and phospholipid membrane composition may be a strategy of R. opacus for phenol tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Escherichia coli FadR, a member of the GntR family of transcription factors, plays dual roles in fatty acid metabolism. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These collectively form a thick, dense, poorly permeable cell wall, which not only allows mycobacteria to resist the dry environment and harmful chemicals but also allows it to reproduce in the macrophages [ 4 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These infections are difficult to treat due to the intrinsic resistance of its mycolic acid rich cell wall to many antibiotics. (cit.ie)
  • Inspired by the native environment of the MspA in the M. smegmatis cell wall, we set out to reproduce this environment, and create the first synthetic mycolic acid bilayers. (boyanpenkov.com)
  • Preparation of cell wall fractions from mycobacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A major hallmark of mycobacteria is the very thick and highly impermeable cell envelope, which plays a critical role in innate resistance to many antimicrobial agents and in directing host-pathogen interactions [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2015. Stressed mycobacteria use the chaperone ClpB to sequester irreversibly oxidized proteins asymmetrically within and between cells. . (cornell.edu)
  • This conditional depletion also led to a reduction of mature mycolic acid production and accumulation of intermediates derived from 3‐oxo‐mycolate precursors. (essex.ac.uk)