Mutations viral. Medical search. Frequent questions

In Viral: Antisemitism in Four Mutations , documentary filmmaker Andrew Goldberg takes a hard look at the drastic increase of antisemitism in the world, its history, and the insidious ways it spreads. (combustiblecelluloid.com)
Director Andrew Goldberg begins Viral: Antisemitism in Four Mutations with the thesis that antisemitism has been growing worse lately, and he provides a little history about discrimination against Jews, showing exaggerated drawings and other propaganda. (combustiblecelluloid.com)
Nevertheless, Viral: Antisemitism in Four Mutations should be seen, even if those who need it most likely won't bother. (combustiblecelluloid.com)

Antibodies elicited by infection accumulate somatic mutations in germinal centers that can increase affinity for cognate antigens. (nih.gov)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an important agent of viral hepatitis worldwide, can cause severe courses of infection in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. (mdpi.com)
First, increased transmissibility allows the virus to pass from person to person more efficiently, and perhaps with a lower viral load, meaning fewer viruses are needed for infection. (jax.org)
The frequency of mutation and deletion of specific areas of the mitochondrial genome in tumour and matched normal tissue of patients with HBV infection was investigated in the current study. (nature.com)
We hypothesised that increased oxidative stress associated with HBV infection in individuals with HCC would lead to an increased burden of mitochondrial DNA mutation. (nature.com)
However, it is now clear that CTL escape mutations can also confer a fitness cost , and there is increasing evidence to suggest that in some cases, e.g., escape from HLA-B *57/B*5801-restricted responses, the costs to the escape virus may affect the clinical course of infection . (bvsalud.org)
To quantify the magnitude of the costs of HLA-B *57/B*5801 escape, a highly sensitive dual- infection assay that uses synonymous nucleotide sequence tags to quantify viral relative replication capacity (RRC) was developed. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, the evolutionary trajectory of the viral infection cannot be predicted solely from the characteristics of the fittest sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1, also known as susceptibility to infection-induced acute encephalopathy 3 or IIAE3, is a rare type of brain disease (encephalopathy) that occurs following a viral infection such as the flu. (medlineplus.gov)
it is unclear how they are involved in the process by which a viral infection triggers neurological problems. (medlineplus.gov)
Viral tests (nucleic acid or antigen detection tests) are used to assess acute infection, whereas antibody tests provide evidence of prior infection with SARS-CoV-2. (medscape.com)
In a study of 114 epidemiologically linked Zambian transmission pairs, we evaluated the impact of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I)-associated amino acid polymorphisms, presumed to reflect cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape in Gag and Nef of the virus transmitted from the chronically infected donor, on the plasma viral load (VL) in matched recipients 6 mo after infection. (ox.ac.uk)
CTL escape mutations in Gag and Nef were seen in the donors, which were subsequently transmitted to recipients, largely unchanged soon after infection. (ox.ac.uk)
She had been sick for two weeks with shooting fevers, bad throat and mouth, aching, not responding to antibiotics-a viral infection. (gavi.org)
Because studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) stimulates ACE2 and Spike (S) priming proteases that mediate SC2 infection, studies were undertaken to determine if interventions that target CHI3L1 are effective inhibitors of SC2 viral variant infection. (elifesciences.org)
Persistent in vitro infection was characterized by the selection of viral variants that displayed accelerated expansion kinetics, higher peak titers, and increased buoyant densities. (nih.gov)
In parallel, as the virus became more aggressive, cells that were resistant to infection emerged, displaying escape mechanisms operative at the level of viral entry, HCV RNA replication, or both. (nih.gov)
Each new infection is a roll of the dice, an additional chance to develop more dangerous mutations. (scitechdaily.com)
The identification and elucidation of host pathways for viral infection are critical for understanding the viral infection processes and novel therapeutics development. (mdpi.com)
Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. (wjgnet.com)

A mutation (also referred to as viral mutation or genetic mutation) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is a change in the genetic sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus when compared with a reference sequence such as Wuhan-Hu1 (the first genetic sequence identified) or USA-WA1/2020 (the first identified in the United States). (fda.gov)
Most coronavirus strains circulating in Houston in the summer of 2020 had the D614G mutation in the spike protein. (scitechdaily.com)

A) B.1.243.1 lineage-defining mutations are shown on the SARS-CoV-2 genome. (news-medical.net)
Mutations are shown in reference to the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-1 genome position (NC_045512.2). (news-medical.net)
Some researchers believe that DNMT3A mutations cause hypomethylation of the whole genome, and this hypomethylation is often associated with a higher recurrence rate and worse OS ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Individual genomes differed from the consensus sequence in an average of one to two mutations per individual genome. (wikipedia.org)
The finding that a viral population was essentially a pool of mutants came at a time when mutations in general genetics were considered rare events, and virologists associated a viral genome with a defined nucleotide sequence, as still implied today in the contents of data banks. (wikipedia.org)
Results report for the first time a birdâ��s eye view on the accumulation of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genome in Eastern India. (iisc.ac.in)
A study published in July based on more than 28,000 genome sequences found that variants carrying the D614G mutation became the globally dominant form of SARS-CoV-2 in about a month. (scitechdaily.com)
A study of more than 25,000 genome sequences in the U.K. found that viruses with the mutation tended to transmit slightly faster than those without it and caused larger clusters of infections. (scitechdaily.com)
The omicron variant has over 50 genetic mutations in the viral genome. (wknofm.org)

FDA has already issued a safety letter to caution that a patient specimen containing a viral variant of SARS-CoV-2 can potentially change the performance of some emergency use authorized diagnostic tests. (cdc.gov)
The impact of mutations on a test's performance is influenced by several factors, including the sequence of the variant, the design of the test, and the prevalence of the variant in the population. (fda.gov)
The SARS-CoV-2 virus can mutate over time, like all viruses, resulting in genetic variation in the population of circulating viral strains, as seen with the B.1.1.7 variant. (healthcapusa.com)
Based on the mutation profile, regional introduction and phylogenetic evidence, we recommend vigilant monitoring of B.1.243.1 as a potential variant of interest. (news-medical.net)
There was a total of 7 genomes with the B.1.243 variant and an E484K mutation. (news-medical.net)
This new variant had 11 other unique mutations separate from mutations observed in the original B.1.243 lineage with the D614G mutation. (news-medical.net)
They found the B.1.243 variant and the E484K mutation has only recently emerged in Arizona, with 15 of the 17 sequenced cases occurring from February 1 to March 2. (news-medical.net)
One case of the B.1.243 variant and the E484K mutation was reported in Houston, Texas, on February 24 and another more recently in New Mexico, suggesting the variant is not contained in Arizona. (news-medical.net)
Although, this variant lacked the 11 mutations observed in the new variant and appeared to be dead-end transmission events. (news-medical.net)
PRESQUE ISLE, Maine (WAGM) - A second case of the Omicron variant has been detected in the United States, but many questions surround the Omicron variant and mutations in the COVID virus. (abigailgroff.com)
A worrying new variant is Omicron, a mutation first detected in South Africa. (abigailgroff.com)
The Spike protein mutations identified in the Alpha variant make it easier for the virus to attach to host cells. (cas.org)
The mutations in the Spike protein allow this variant to bind more tightly to human cells . (cas.org)
A viral quasispecies is a population structure of viruses with a large number of variant genomes (related by mutations). (wikipedia.org)
Sequencing analysis revealed the selection of a single adaptive mutation in the HCV E2 envelope protein that was largely responsible for the variant phenotype. (nih.gov)
Variant or viral mutation? (salimdjelouat.com)
Some of the individual mutations suggest that the omicron variant may be more transmissible or evade immune responses. (wknofm.org)
In essence, a variant is a version of the virus with a slightly different genetic sequence because of the appearance of mutations. (wknofm.org)
The delta variant is more transmissible than previous variants because of mutations on its spike protein, which make it better at attaching to and infecting cells. (wknofm.org)
There's preliminary evidence that omicron could be much better at immune evasion than the delta variant or any other variant before it because of the specific mutations on its spike protein. (wknofm.org)

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has mutated over time, resulting in genetic variation in the population of circulating viral strains, also called lineages. (fda.gov)
Evaluation of SC2 strains demonstrated impressive genetic variability, and many of these viral variants are now defined as variants of concern (VOC) that cause enhanced transmissibility, decreased susceptibility to antibody neutralization or therapeutics, and/or the ability to induce severe disease. (elifesciences.org)
These antigens compress the variation found in many viral strains into lengths suitable for vaccine immunogens. (sciencedaily.com)
These immunogens should elicit immune responses against high frequency viral strains as well as against most mutant forms of the virus. (sciencedaily.com)
So why did strains containing this mutation outcompete those that didn't have it? (scitechdaily.com)
In that scenario, the D614G mutation might have been more common in the first viruses to arrive in Europe and North America, essentially giving them a head start on other strains. (scitechdaily.com)

Reduced viral replication capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C caused by cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte escape mutations in HLA-B57 epitopes of capsid protein. (bvsalud.org)
Cytotoxic- T-lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutations in human immunodeficiency viruses encode amino acid substitutions in positions that disrupt CTL targeting, thereby increasing virus survival and conferring a relative fitness benefit. (bvsalud.org)
We then asked whether such CTL escape mutations had an impact equivalent to that seen for a benchmark mutation , the M184V antiretroviral drug resistance mutation of reverse transcriptase (RRC(V184) = 0.86). (bvsalud.org)
To answer the question, the RRCs were quantified for escape mutations in three immunodominant HLA-B *57/B*5801 epitopes in capsid A146P in IW9 (RRC(P146) = 0.91), A163G in KF11 (RRC(G163) = 0.89), and T242N in TW10 (RRC(N242) = 0.86). (bvsalud.org)
Individually, the impact of the escape mutations on RRC was comparable to that of M184V, while coexpression of the mutations resulted in substantial further reductions, with the maximum impact observed for the triple mutant (RRC(P146-G163-N242) = 0.62). (bvsalud.org)
By comparison to M184V, the magnitude of the reductions in RRC caused by the escape mutations , particularly when coexpressed, suggests that the costs of escape are sufficient to affect in vivo viral dynamics and may thus play a role in the protective effect associated with HLA-B *57/B*5801. (bvsalud.org)
Transmission of HIV-1 Gag immune escape mutations is associated with reduced viral load in linked recipients. (ox.ac.uk)
We observed a significant correlation between the number of Gag escape mutations targeted by specific HLA-B allele-restricted CTLs and reduced VLs in the recipients. (ox.ac.uk)
This negative correlation was most evident in newly infected individuals, whose HLA alleles were unable to effectively target Gag and select for CTL escape mutations in this gene. (ox.ac.uk)

Policy for Evaluating Impact of Viral Mutations on COVID-19 Tests " provides information on evaluating the potential impact of viral genetic mutations, which may be the basis of viral variants, on COVID-19 tests. (cdc.gov)
This page provides information about tests authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the identification and differentiation of specific SARS-CoV-2 mutations and lineages as well as the impact of viral mutations on COVID-19 tests. (fda.gov)

The blotched snakehead virus (BSNV), an aquatic birnavirus, encodes a polyprotein (NH2-pVP2-X-VP4-VP3-COOH) that is processed through the proteolytic activity of its own protease (VP4) to liberate itself and the viral proteins pVP2, X and VP3. (rcsb.org)

The Houston Methodist-UT Austin team also showed in lab experiments that at least one such mutation allows spike to evade a neutralizing antibody that humans naturally produce to fight SARS-CoV-2 infections. (scitechdaily.com)

So we know the severity of the disease was all down to genetics, her innate viral defences. (newscientist.com)

The N protein mutations reside in the SR-rich region involved in viral capsid formation and the S protein mutation is in the S2 domain, which is involved in triggering viral fusion with the host cell membrane. (iisc.ac.in)

Quasispecies result from high mutation rates as mutants arise continually and change in relative frequency as viral replication and selection proceeds. (wikipedia.org)
Replication of IAV is carried out by the RNA-dependent RNA viral polymerase that functions as a heterotrimeric complex, formed from separate components PA, PB1 and PB2. (nature.com)
Mutations are a normal part of viral replication. (wknofm.org)

Molecular, antigen, and serology tests are affected by viral mutations differently due to the inherent design differences of each test. (fda.gov)
On January 8, 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an alert warning that viral mutations of SARS-CoV-2 may produce false-negative results on current molecular tests. (healthcapusa.com)
About 25% of AML cases are accompanied by DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) molecular mutation. (frontiersin.org)
A better understanding of the complexities underlying the molecular evolution of viruses in natural populations is needed before accurate predictions of viral evolution can be made. (ox.ac.uk)

The E484K mutation is concerning for its ability to escape the immune response and reduce monoclonal antibodies' neutralizing power. (news-medical.net)
Currently, there are three basic types of tests to determine if an individual has been infected with SARS-CoV-2: viral nucleic acid (RNA) detection, viral antigen detection, and detection of antibodies to the virus. (medscape.com)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral disease that has caused a pandemic in the world. (biomedcentral.com)
During the initial wave of the pandemic, 71% of the novel coronaviruses identified in patients in Houston had this mutation. (scitechdaily.com)
Those hardest hit by the 2009 "swine flu" pandemic were 20 times more likely to have a mutation disabling a gene called IFITM3 than those who got less sick. (newscientist.com)

Specific mutations, characteristic of the A2a clade, were also detected, which included the P323L in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and D614G in the Spike glycoprotein. (iisc.ac.in)
More importantly, the possible implications of mutation D614G (in SDÂ domain) and G1124V (in S2 subunit) on the structural stability of S protein have also been discussed. (iisc.ac.in)
According to the paper published in the peer-reviewed journal mBIO , that mutation, called D614G, is located in the spike protein that pries open our cells for viral entry. (scitechdaily.com)

Genetic analysis of the resistant virus revealed a single mutation in the gene that codes for the endonuclease enzyme. (stjude.org)
Activating mutations in the neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) gene are common genetic events in malignant melanoma being found in 15C25% of cases. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Mutations in the RANBP2 gene have been found to increase the risk of developing acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
RANBP2 gene mutations that are associated with acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1 result in the production of a protein that cannot function normally either due to altered shape or because it cannot get to the nuclear pore where it is needed. (medlineplus.gov)
Scientists identified mutations in a single gene that impair immunity to viruses in a region of the brain called the brain stem. (rockefeller.edu)
Each of her parents had a different mutation in one of their copies of the gene that codes for a protein called IRF7. (newscientist.com)

This is the first crystal structure of a birnavirus protease and the first crystal structure of a viral protease that utilizes a lysine general base in its catalytic mechanism. (rcsb.org)
Dolutegravir-based treatment in PLHIV with pre-existing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-mutations was non-inferior to protease inhibitor-based regimens. (lu.se)

One of the proposed modes of action of RBV is a direct mutagenic effect on viral genomes, inducing mismatches and subsequent nucleotide substitutions. (mdpi.com)
A significant limitation in the study is that they did not sequence the entire sample as most genomes had low viral loads with high CTs in the 30s. (news-medical.net)
Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, copy their RNA genomes through an error-prone process, and mutations are frequent. (jax.org)
However, standard clonal analyses and deep sequencing methodologies have confirmed the presence of myriads of mutant genomes in viral populations, and their participation in adaptive processes. (wikipedia.org)
The cloud nature of Qβ was understood as a consequence of its high mutation rate, calculated in 10−4 mutations introduced per nucleotide copied, together with tolerance of individual genomes to accept an undetermined proportion of the newly arising mutations, despite fitness costs. (wikipedia.org)

This assay detects mutations in genes of the HIV-1 virus from a sample of a patient's blood using NGS. (fda.gov)
The finding has, however, prompted the team to look for other mutations in interferon-related genes, in children who have had severe flu. (newscientist.com)

As the virus circulates and spreads, it accumulates mutations that are used to name new virus sequences so that researchers, health care providers, and public health authorities have a common language to describe genetic sequence mutations. (fda.gov)
The presence of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a patient sample can potentially impact test performance. (fda.gov)
Major drawbacks of this therapy are that RBV is not approved for administration to pregnant women and that the virus can acquire mutations, which render the intra-host population less sensitive or even resistant to RBV. (mdpi.com)
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified a mutation that would enable the influenza virus to become resistant to a promising new class of drugs. (stjude.org)
The research focused on a drug belonging to a new class of compounds called endonuclease inhibitors, which target a viral enzyme that the influenza virus needs to duplicate its genetic material. (stjude.org)
The researchers exposed cultures of virus-infected cells to the drug to induce resistance mutations to occur - the method mimics the process that can occur in patients during antiviral treatment. (stjude.org)
The genetic mutations would be detected in a lab and according to the IAI, virologists will have time to study the virus, identify it, and manufacture a vaccine against it before it could penetrate the human immune system. (quickcrea.com)
He says mutations in the virus are very common. (abigailgroff.com)
We discuss the units in which these fundamental processes should be measured, and explore why, even for the same virus, mutation and substitution can occur at very different tempos at different biological levels. (ox.ac.uk)
They capture two major features of RNA viruses at the population level: the presence of a mutant spectrum, and the adverse effect of an increase of mutation rate on virus survival, each with several derivations. (wikipedia.org)
VI - About these virus mutations or variants? (salimdjelouat.com)
Additional footnote: * Some tests are also designed to detect specific mutations of the virus and to identify variants. (who.int)
Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized marketing of a test to detect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Type-1 drug resistance mutations using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. (fda.gov)
The right combination of antivirals can lower viral loads, or the amount of virus in the blood stream, and help keep patients with HIV healthy for many years. (fda.gov)
Today's authorization can help health care providers better tailor drug treatment for patients who are beginning antiviral therapy and also for those who have developed resistance to HIV drugs by helping to identify mutations in the HIV-1 virus that can impact the effectiveness of certain drugs. (fda.gov)
Increasing viral loads indicate that the virus may have mutated and that a patient's current regimen is no longer effective at suppressing the virus. (fda.gov)
Understanding the mutations in the virus can help healthcare providers select an effective combination of drugs in an ART regimen and indicate which drugs may no longer be effective against the mutated HIV-1 virus. (fda.gov)
In rare instances, mutations change the behavior of the virus. (wknofm.org)
Many mutations quickly disappear as the virus spreads. (wknofm.org)
But sometimes, mutations stick around and get passed down to future generations of the virus. (wknofm.org)
Over time, the virus can accumulate a unique set of mutations that make it distinct from other versions of the virus. (wknofm.org)
This mutation led to a change in the structure of the protein on the surface of the virus, replacing one amino acid, isoleucine, with a different one, valine. (cdc.gov)
RC5: data virus de Epstein Barr y se identificó el genoma viral en el líquido cefalorraquídeo, a través de la prueba de reacción en cadena management. (bvsalud.org)

The ability of HIV-1 to develop high levels of genetic diversity and acquire mutations to escape immune pressures contributes to our difficulties in producing a vaccine. (sciencedaily.com)

Katrina Sleeman] Fortunately there is a vaccine available to help prevent getting the flu and this vaccine is effective against the B viruses with the mutation. (cdc.gov)

The spike protein is also continuing to accumulate additional mutations of unknown significance. (scitechdaily.com)

A study led by Efrem S. Lim of Arizona State University confirms evidence of the B.1.243.1 with an E484K mutation on the spike protein . (news-medical.net)
Many of these mutations are found in the spike protein region," Weatherhead says. (wknofm.org)

In infections like hepatitis C and HIV, combination therapy is highly effective and greatly reduces the emergence of resistant viral variants. (stjude.org)
Most cases of acute viral hepatitis. (msdmanuals.com)

What causes viral mutation, or genetic mutation in general? (substack.com)

In addition to their direct implications for HIV-1 vaccine design, these data suggest that CTL-induced viral polymorphisms and their associated in vivo viral fitness costs could have a significant impact on HIV-1 pathogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
2007) Coping with viral diversity in HIV vaccine design. (sciencedaily.com)

Initial direct viral detection is typically performed using an upper respiratory tract (URT) specimen. (medscape.com)

There is early evidence that the mutation is clinically significant, because scientists conducting clinical trials have observed the same mutation in patients undergoing treatment with similar drugs. (stjude.org)
The scientists noted a total of 285 mutations across thousands of infections, although most don't appear to have a significant effect on how severe the disease is. (scitechdaily.com)

High mutation rates also place an upper limit compatible with inheritable information. (wikipedia.org)

Here, we aimed to explore the mechanism of immune escape in AML with DNMT3A mutation. (frontiersin.org)
The lowest-level tier, Variants of Interest, contains variants that show genetic markers that affect viral transmission and immune escape. (cas.org)

In addition to increased affinity and neutralization potency, antibody evolution changed the mutational pathways for the acquisition of viral resistance and restricted neutralization escape options. (nih.gov)
Significantly, the emergence of resistance to RO-7 took a similar time course as viral resistance to the current neuraminidase inhibitors. (stjude.org)
In key experiments, the team's structural biologists established how the resistance mutation warped the viral endonuclease molecule to render the drug unable to plug into its target. (stjude.org)
It relieved the inhibitory effect of DNMT3A mutation, promoted the phenotypic recovery of the co-cultured macrophages, eliminated resistance, and regulated the immune microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
The Sentosa SQ HIV-1 Genotyping Assay detects HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients taking or about to start antiviral therapy. (fda.gov)

We discuss how these nested population structures complicate the meaning and interpretation of two apparently simple evolutionary concepts: mutation rate and substitution rate. (ox.ac.uk)

Oncogenic mutations in codons 12, 13, or 61 of the rat sarcoma (RAS) family of small GTPases, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS), and neuroblastoma RAS Cd248 viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) occur in approximately one-third of all human cancers with 850173-95-4 supplier NRAS mutations found in about 15C20% of melanomas (1C7). (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)

A mutation is a change in a virus's genetic code. (wknofm.org)

The theory predicts that a viral quasispecies at a low but evolutionarily neutral and highly connected (that is, flat) region in the fitness landscape will outcompete a quasispecies located at a higher but narrower fitness peak in which the surrounding mutants are unfit. (wikipedia.org)

The FDA reviewed data from performance studies, which demonstrated a greater than 95% sensitivity and specificity in detecting 342 HIV drug resistant mutations and determined the Sentosa SQ HIV-1 Genotyping Assay provides a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness for its intended use. (fda.gov)

There were also two instances where the B.1.243 lineages independently attained the E484K mutation. (news-medical.net)

I have discussed a few SARS-CoV-2 mutants and viral mutation strategies in a previous blog post . (cas.org)

How can we describe the use of selenium supplementation to combat viral mutations and infections? (substack.com)

Despite the association of these mutations with transmissibility and immune evasion, the clinical impact of omicron remains unknown because of the phenomenon of epistasis. (wknofm.org)

The FDA believes the risk that these mutations will impact overall testing accuracy is low. (healthcapusa.com)
Nef mutations in the donor had no impact on VL in the recipient. (ox.ac.uk)

That mutation subtly alters the enzyme's shape such that the drug no longer fits into the enzyme molecule to inactivate it. (stjude.org)

The good news is that this mutation is rare and does not appear to make the disease more severe for infected patients. (scitechdaily.com)

In particular, mutation of PB2 residue 627 from E to K rescues polymerase activity in mammalian cells. (nature.com)
However, for these avian (av) viruses to efficiently replicate in mammalian cells, host adaptation of the viral polymerase is necessary. (nature.com)

Accession F0013 Systematic name g., c., r., p.Phe373Ala Original code P1 Description A complex mutation in the exon 11 leading to an amino acid Description change Date 08-May-2008 (Rel. (lu.se)
P.2 ref.[2] Description A point mutation in the exon 2 leading to an amino acid Description change Date 09-May-2008 (Rel. (lu.se)
Accession F0036 Systematic name g.74877T>C, c.2T>C, r.2u>c, p.Met1Thr Original code P.1 Description A point mutation in the exon 2 leading to an amino acid Description change Date 22-Jul-2010 (Rel. (lu.se)

Anatomy11

Organisms12

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs74

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes111

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Named Groups3

Health Care6

Antisemitism In Four Mutations3

Infection20

20202

Genome9

Variant20

Strains6

Escape mutations9

COVID-19 Tests2

Proteins1

Humans1

Genetics1

Protein mutations1

Replication3

Molecular4

Antibodies2

Pandemic3

D614G3

Gene6

Protease2

Genomes5

Genes2

Virus23

Acquire mutations1

Viruses with the mutation1

Accumulate1

Spike protein2

Hepatitis2

Genetic mutation1

Vaccine2

Detection1

Scientists2

High mutation1

Immune escape2

Resistance5

Evolutionary1

Occur1

Virus's1

Outcompete1

Assay1

Lineages1

Mutants1

Infections1

Omicron1

Impact2

Molecule1

Severe1

Polymerase2

Amino3