Penicillin ResistancePenicillinsPenicillin GStreptococcus pneumoniaePenicillin-Binding ProteinsMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidasePenicillin VPeptidyl TransferasesHexosyltransferasesPneumococcal InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsDrug Resistance, MicrobialDrug Resistance, BacterialPoint MutationMutationPenicillin G ProcainePenicillinaseMutation, MissensePenicillin AmidaseNeisseria gonorrhoeaeLactamsAminoacyltransferasesBacterial ProteinsPenicillin G BenzathineDrug ResistanceCarrier ProteinsSerotypingDrug Resistance, MultipleDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialErythromycinTransformation, BacterialMolecular Sequence Databeta-LactamasesAmpicillinMacrolidesStreptococcal Infectionsbeta-LactamsCefotaximeOxacillinTetracyclineNasopharynxFrameshift MutationStreptococcusPneumococcal VaccinesBase SequenceDNA, BacterialGenes, BacterialTransformation, GeneticPolymerase Chain ReactionDrug Resistance, NeoplasmPlasmidsAmino Acid SequenceMoraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalisPneumonia, PneumococcalR FactorsStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcusGerm-Line MutationEscherichia coliDrug Resistance, ViralElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldCarrier StateDisease ResistanceRespiratory Tract InfectionsNeisseria meningitidisSpainPedigreeCommunity-Acquired InfectionsVascular ResistanceHaemophilus influenzaeSequence Analysis, DNACulture MediaCephalosporinsGenotypeBacteriaPeptidoglycan GlycosyltransferaseDNA FingerprintingMolecular EpidemiologyBacteremiabeta-Lactam ResistanceMutation RatePhenotypeSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseAllelesAmino Acid SubstitutionExonsTetracycline ResistanceHeterozygoteMutagenesis, Site-DirectedAmpicillin ResistanceDNA Mutational AnalysisBacterial Typing TechniquesPeptidoglycanMutagenesisCloning, MolecularStreptomycinDNA PrimersCeftriaxonePolymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational