More specifically, compared to uninfected memory CD4 T cells, the infected ones had higher surface levels of two sugars, known as fucose [3] and sialic acid [4]. (nih.gov)
Normally, transferrin has two N-glycans each with two sialic acid sugars (tetrasialotransferrin). (cdghub.com)
The HBP culminates in the production of an amino sugar uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) that, along with other charged nucleotide sugars, serves as the basis for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. (biomedcentral.com)
Receptor specificity1
One crucial determinant of host tropism is hemagglutinin (HA) receptor specificity, in particular, preference of specific species of sialic acid on host cells. (springer.com)
Sequence7
Nucleotide sequence analysis of five representative isolates confirmed that all isolates possessed one type of amino acid motif (R-S-S-R/GL) at cleavage site of HA, Deduced amino acid sequences showed the presence of L226 (234 in H9 numbering) in all five Iranian isolates which indicates a preference to binding of α (2-6) sialic acid receptors. (scialert.net)
Sequence change (mutation) events can transform an animal-origin virus into a human virus, with varying levels of fitness to survive in the new host [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To monitor the genetic polymorphisms at position 222 of Haemagglutinin of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses from both outpatients with mild influenza and individuals with severe disease requiring hospitalization, during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons, a sequence-based genotypic assessment of viral populations to understand the prevalence of D222G mutation. (biomedcentral.com)
According to amino acid sequence, the GlcNAc binding site was determined to lie on two loops of the large C-domain (aa.127?130 and 145?152) and to involve residues 36, 76?79, and 107 on the small N-terminal domain. (molcells.org)
Together, these results indicate that the structure of the rhodopsin N terminus must be maintained by an appropriate amino acid sequence surrounding N2 and may require a carbohydrate moiety at N15. (jneurosci.org)
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
Taubenberger, Ann H. Reid and Thomas G. Fanning were able to amplify short segments of the viral nucleic acid using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (wikipedia.org)
The diversity motifs and their incidences at each of the nonamer positions allow evaluation of the mutation transmission dynamics and selectivity of the viral sequences in relation to the animal and the human hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation of influenza A is predominantly in avian hosts with very rapid mutation, resulting in a "quasispecies" [ 4 ], a vast number of viruses that are genetically related but differ in the amino acid sequences of the viral proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the virus infection is generally associated with mild disease and a relatively low mortality, it is projected that mutations in specific regions of the viral genome, especially within the receptor binding domain of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein could result in more virulent virus stains, leading to a more severe pathogenicity. (biomedcentral.com)
A specific mutation in the viral haemagglutinin (D222G) was found in fatal, severe and mild case. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycosylation5
Several mutations in the N terminus of the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin disrupt NXS/T consensus sequences for N-linked glycosylation (located at N2 and N15) and cause sector retinitis pigmentosa in which the inferior retina preferentially degenerates. (jneurosci.org)
Although mutations T4K and T4N caused RD, N2S and T4V did not, demonstrating that glycosylation at N2 was not required for photoreceptor viability. (jneurosci.org)
In contrast, similar mutations eliminating glycosylation at N15 (N15S and T17M) caused rod death. (jneurosci.org)
Mutations affecting glycosylation of the heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin are associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. (jneurosci.org)
characterized by low overall levels of glycosylation with elevated levels of asialo- (no sialic acids) or monosialotransferrin (one sialic acid) isoforms, instead of the normal tetrasialotransferrin. (cdghub.com)
Sequences1
The prediction models were trained on influenza protein sequences isolated from both avian and human samples, which were transformed into amino acid physicochemical properties feature vectors. (springer.com)
Lipids1
Since the HBP utilizes major macromolecules such as nucleotides, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids to produce UDP-GlcNAc, cells may use it as a 'sensor' of energy availability that influences a large number of functional targets that contribute to cancer phenotypes (Fig. 2 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Avian1
RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
Influenza5
Influenza viruses have a relatively high mutation rate that is characteristic of RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
g-FLUA2H is a web-based application focused on the analysis of the dynamics of influenza virus animal-to-human (A2H) mutation transmissions. (biomedcentral.com)
It can be used for a detailed characterization of the composition and incidence of mutations present in the proteomes of influenza viruses from animal and human host populations, for a better understanding of host tropism. (biomedcentral.com)
It is simply a matter of chance that the mutations responsible for the infectivity and pathogenicity of a particular influenza virus in animals does not include the ability to efficiently infect humans with human-to-human transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
Further virological, clinical and epidemiological investigations are needed to ascertain the role of this and other mutations that may alter the virulence and transmissibility of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways1
Significant (after false discovery rate correction) KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways included aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, and metabolism of multiple amino acids. (nature.com)
Substitutions1
The hemadsorbing site of neuraminidase had up to 3 amino acid substitutions and is different from those of earlier Iranian viruses. (scialert.net)
Protein3
A mutation resulting in an in-frame premature stop codon and protein truncation was detected in the Fas gene from patient 2. (bvsalud.org)
The recombinant 2019-nCoV Spike RBD(G446S) Protein consists of 234 amino acids and predicts a molecular mass of 26.6 kDa. (creativebiomart.net)
A subunit of a larger biomolecule, e.g. a single amino acid in a protein or a specific sugar in an oligosaccharide. (cdghub.com)
Fatty7
It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety. (lookformedical.com)
State the physiological role of lysophospholipids & fatty acids produced by the breakdown of lecithin. (medical-junction.com)
2. Classify the fatty acids in details & indicate their physical properties. (medical-junction.com)
1. Arachidonic acid may not be considered as an essential fatty acid. (medical-junction.com)
Glucose, glutamine, fatty acids, and amino acids are the primary drivers of tumor growth and act as substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). (biomedcentral.com)
GNA1/GNPNAT1 (glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase) then converts glucosamine-6P (which can also be made by glucosamine entering the cell) into GlcNAc-6P (N-acetylglucosamine-6-Phosphate), also utilizing acetyl-CoA that is made from fatty acid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis2
Currently, the diagnosis of ALPS is based on clinical aspects, defective lymphocyte apoptosis and mutations in Fas, FasL and Casp 10 genes. (bvsalud.org)
have shown the induction of apoptosis in by oleic acid. (globaltechbiz.com)
Metabolism1
Transaminases play an important role in amino acid metabolism and synthesis. (cdghub.com)
Glucose1
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway utilizes up to 2-5% of glucose that enters a non-cancer cell and along with glutamine, acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) and uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) are used to produce the amino sugar UDP-GlcNAc [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Synthesis1
The energized GlcNAc moiety of UDP-GlcNAc is used in the synthesis of O -/ N -glycans, sialic acids, and O -GlcNAc. (molcells.org)
Terminal1
amino-terminal download supports to follow triple and also active fractions appearing on the complex reticulum. (evakoch.com)
Naturally1
A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. (lookformedical.com)
Genome1
These are the ' zinc-binding cellular acid ' sugar and the ' genome resulting ' history. (evakoch.com)
Identification1
3. Acid number helps in the identification of rancidity in fats and oils. (medical-junction.com)
Strain1
strain 3D7 and evaluated whether introduction of this mutation modulated parasite sensitivity to ART derivatives. (chestervetclinic.com)
Hosts1
Can be transmitted between different hosts through gene recombination or mutation of the receptor binding domain (RBD), leading to a higher mortality rate. (creativebiomart.net)
Cell surface1
The new findings suggest the virus increases levels of sialic acid at the cell surface in ways that may help the virus to survive. (nih.gov)
Human1
A second uniquely human mutation affecting sialic acid biology. (unige.ch)
Levels1
characterized by elevated levels of trisialo- (three sialic acids), disialo-, monosialo- and/or asialotransferrin. (cdghub.com)
Group1
Enzymes that transfer an amino group from an amino acid to an acceptor molecule, typically an alpha-ketoacid. (cdghub.com)
Presence1
In contrast, porcine sapovirus (PoSaV) causes diarrhea in swine and can be propagated in culture in the presence of bile acids ( Flynn and Saif, 1988 ), providing an animal model of calicivirus gastroenteritis. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Essential1
A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. (lookformedical.com)
Production1
For example, antral-predominant gastritis is often associated with a higher level of acid production and is more likely to evolve into duodenal ulcer or MALT lymphoma, whereas corpus-predominant atrophic gastritis is associated with a lower level of acid production and can lead to gastric ulcer or gastric cancer [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Virus1
Ils ont été soumis au test de détection des virus de la grippe A et B via la méthode d'analyse RT-PCR simplex en temps réel. (who.int)