• To prevent infected cell lysis, recombinant replication deficiency virus has been developed as a gene delivery tool to replace wild-type adenovirus (recombinant AdV in "application" part). (genemedi.com)
  • Recombinant Human IFN-beta Protein Binding Activity Recombinant Human IFN‑ beta (Catalog # 8499-IF) exhibits anti-viral activity in HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cells infected with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. (bio-techne.com)
  • CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (bio-techne.com)
  • Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (bio-techne.com)
  • However, the contribution(s) of these functions of the E1B protein to viral reproduction remains unclear. (princeton.edu)
  • To investigate this issue, we examined properties of p53 in normal human cells infected by E1B mutant viruses that display defective entry into the late phase or viral late mRNA export. (princeton.edu)
  • It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)
  • Hexon and penton structures form the capsid of AdV, and fiber protein mediates the binding of the virion to the cell surface and is a major determinant of viral tropism. (genemedi.com)
  • Adenovirus transcription is a two-phase event, early and late, occurring before and after viral DNA replication, respectively (Figure. (genemedi.com)
  • For most serotypes, adenovirus infection is mediated by the high-affinity binding of the fiber-knob region to a receptor of target cell, named as the coxsackie-Ad receptor (CAR), which mainly determines the viral tropism [44]. (genemedi.com)
  • Then the endosome acidifies, resulting in disassociation of capsid proteins and transportation of viral DNA into nucleus. (genemedi.com)
  • Life cycle of adenovirus is separated by DNA replication process into two distinct phases: the early and late, occurring before and after viral DNA replication, respectively. (genemedi.com)
  • Adenovirus (Ad) vectors are among the most commonly used viral vectors in gene therapy clinical trials because they have the following advantages. (hindawi.com)
  • Schematic of the adenovirus genome and adenovirus-based vectors. (genemedi.com)
  • On the other hand, Ad vectors also have a number of disadvantages, including their low transduction efficiency in cells lacking coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and their induction of innate immune responses. (hindawi.com)
  • In order to overcome these disadvantages of the first-generation Ad vectors, next-generation Ad vectors, including fiber-mutant Ad vectors and helper-dependent Ad vectors, have been developed [ 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • c production of replication incompetent AAV vectors via transient plasmid transfection into 293 producer cells that express adenovirus type 5 E1 genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Top panel: a simplified map of the adenovirus serotype 5 genome showing the early genes (E1-E4) and the region from which the major late transcript is produced. (genemedi.com)
  • Without integration into host genome, adenovirus genome remains in an episomal state, which guarantees the low risk of mutation (Fig. 8). (genemedi.com)
  • The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The AAV capsid protein, which forms the virions' outer shell, is the primary determinant of tissue tropism, transduction efficiency, and immunogenicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo studies of HDL assembly and metabolism using adenovirus-mediated transfer of ApoA-I mutants in ApoA-I-deficient mice. (uchicago.edu)
  • Characterization of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor from plasma of baboons (Papio sp. (uchicago.edu)
  • Self-assembly of HEK cell-secreted ApoE particles resembles ApoE enrichment of lipoproteins as a ligand for the LDL receptor-related protein. (uchicago.edu)
  • CAR receptor-fiber-knob adenovirus interaction and internalization process [46]. (genemedi.com)
  • Rather, the localization of p53 to E1B containing nuclear sites observed during infection by Ad5 was prevented by mutations that impair interaction of the E1B protein with p53 and/or with the E4 Orf6 protein. (princeton.edu)
  • Several vaccine technology infection, rodents and small animal models that mimic hu- platforms targeting the MERS-CoV spike protein were dis- man disease hallmarks would be useful in initial screening cussed. (cdc.gov)
  • Infection process of adenovirus. (genemedi.com)
  • Pseudorabies Virus Mutants Lacking US9 Are Defective in Cytoplasmic Assembly and Sorting of Virus Particles into Axons and Not in Axonal Transport. (viictr.org)
  • The AAV virion contains 60 VP proteins in a 1:1:10 ratio (VP1:VP2:VP3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), named for its involvement in cell death pathways, is a mitochondrial protein that regulates metabolic homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NA-inhibition assays showed that all the single and double mutants containing the Y275 except the single Y275-E119V mutant conferred important levels of resistance to oseltamivir, whereas all the single, double, and triple mutants containing the E119V mutation were associated with the resistance to zanamivir. (ophrp.org)
  • The steady-state concentrations of p53 were significantly higher in cells infected by the E1B 55 kDa null mutant Hr6 or three mutants carrying small insertions in the E1B 55 kDa protein coding sequence than in Ad5-infected cells. (princeton.edu)
  • Nevertheless, none of the mutants induced apoptosis in infected cells. (princeton.edu)
  • These results indicate that the E1B protein fulfills an early function that correlates efficient entry into the late phase with the localization of E1B and p53 in the nucleus of Ad5-infected normal human cells. (princeton.edu)
  • A) HeLa cells were either mock infected or infected with the Ad mutant lacking the whole E4 region or expressing E4orf4 as the only E4 ORF. (grandlacs-med-journal.com)
  • Immunoblot analysis was used to determine relative protein quantities within cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is well established that the human subgroup C adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) E1B 55 kDa protein can regulate the activity and concentration of the cellular tumor suppressor, p53. (princeton.edu)
  • Wild-type p110α has more interactions with the nSH2 domain than the oncogenic mutant H1047R. (oncotarget.com)
  • AlgP is a DNA-binding protein with a 154 amino acid C-terminal domain enriched in "KPAA" repeats and variants of this repeat, with an overall sequence composition similar to the C-terminal tail of eukaryotic histone H1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mature human IFN-beta shares 47% and 46% amino acid sequence identity with the mouse and rat proteins, respectively. (bio-techne.com)
  • Lipoproteins produced by ApoE-/- astrocytes infected with adenovirus expressing human ApoE. (uchicago.edu)
  • Adenovirus (AdV) is a member of the family Adenoviridae, whose name derives from their initial isolation from human adenoids in 1953 [42]. (genemedi.com)
  • Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing IG domain. (embl.de)
  • The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with IG domain is also avaliable . (embl.de)
  • Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing IG domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)
  • this family of proteins is hereafter called EBF) are a group of DNA-binding transcription factors with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of the effector protein SidI of Legionella pneumophila reveals a glucosyl transferase domain. (resist-cluster.de)
  • Naturally occurring variant of mouse apolipoprotein A-I alters the lipid and HDL association properties of the protein. (uchicago.edu)
  • Site-directed mutagenesis was introduced on the NA gene of A/Chungbuk/4448/2008(H1N1) virus, and a total of 23 single, double, and triple mutants were generated. (ophrp.org)
  • Treatment for MSUD represents an unmet need because the current treatment with life-long low-protein diet is challenging to maintain, and despite treatment the risk of acute decompensations and neuropsychiatric symptoms remains. (nature.com)
  • Influence of dietary lipids on hepatic mRNA levels of proteins regulating plasma lipoproteins in baboons with high and low levels of large high density lipoproteins. (uchicago.edu)
  • Engineering mouse apolipoprotein A-I into a monomeric, active protein useful for structural determination. (uchicago.edu)
  • Immunoglobulin-like domains that are related in both sequence and structure can be found in several diverse protein families. (embl.de)
  • 9. Modulation of the inflammatory properties and hepatotoxicity of recombinant adenovirus vectors by the viral E4 gene products. (nih.gov)
  • We report that a protein encoded within the viral E4 gene region acts to counterbalance the induction of AP-1 DNA-binding activity by E1A and cyclic AMP. (princeton.edu)
  • Mini-abstract: This Unit introduces the basic principles and practice of sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation for the study of reversible protein interactions, such as the characterization of self-association, heterogeneous association, multi-protein complexes, binding stoichiometry, and the determination of association constants. (nih.gov)
  • The ability of adenovirus early region proteins, E1B-55K and E4orf6, to usurp control of cellular ubiquitin ligases and target proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation during infection is well established. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Here we show that the E4 gene product, E4orf3 can, independently of E1B-55K and E4orf6, target the transcriptional corepressor transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1 gamma) for proteasome-mediated degradation during infection. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit dargestellten Untersuchungen zum transformierenden Potenzial humaner Adenoviren zeigen erstmals, dass zwei virale Genprodukte der frühen Region 4 - E4orf3 und E4orf6 - von Adenovirus Serotyp 5 transformierende Eigenschaften aufweisen, die zur 'Hit & Run'-Transformation primärer BRK-Zellen beitragen. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Recently we and others have shown that two additional proteins of early region 4 (Ad5 E4orf6 and E4orf3) possess transforming and oncogenic potential. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • It appears that the 34-kDa gene product encoded within open reading frame 6 (E4orf6) contributes to oncogenic transformation by modulating the function and stability of the tumor suppressor protein p53. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Both BC-box motifs of adenovirus protein E4orf6 are required to efficiently assemble an E3 ligase complex that degrades p53. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The adenoviral E4orf6 protein induces atypical apoptosis in response to DNA damage. (wakehealth.edu)
  • RUNX1 permits E4orf6-directed nuclear localization of the adenovirus E1B-55K protein and associates with centers of viral DNA and RNA synthesis. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The adenovirus E4orf6 protein inhibits DNA double strand break repair and radiosensitizes human tumor cells in an E1B-55K-independent manner. (wakehealth.edu)
  • 2. In vitro and in vivo biology of recombinant adenovirus vectors with E1, E1/E2A, or E1/E4 deleted. (nih.gov)
  • Adenoviruses (Ad) are excellent gene transfer vectors and are extensively used for high-level transgene expression in vitro and in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • 17. Increased duration of transgene expression in the lung with plasmid DNA vectors harboring adenovirus E4 open reading frame 3. (nih.gov)
  • 11. Generation and characterization of E1/E2a/E3/E4-deficient adenoviral vectors encoding human factor VIII. (nih.gov)
  • 20. A simple method for constructing E1- and E1/E4-deleted recombinant adenoviral vectors. (nih.gov)
  • Recombinant adenoviral vectors can induce expression of p73 via the E4-orf6/7 protein. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Studies with mutant adenoviruses demonstrated that in the absence of E4orf4 protein, AP-1 DNA-binding activity is induced to substantially higher levels than in wild-type virus-infected cells. (princeton.edu)
  • Myperphosphorylated forms of c-Fos and E1A proteins accumulate in the absence of functional E4orf4 protein. (princeton.edu)
  • We propose that the E4orf4 protein acts to inhibit the activity of a cellular kinase that phosphorylates both the E1A and c-Fos proteins. (princeton.edu)
  • This E4 function likely plays an important role in natural infections, since a mutant virus unable to express the E4orf4 protein is considerably more cytotoxic than the wild-type virus. (princeton.edu)
  • Müller, U, Kleinberger, T & Shenk, T 1992, ' Adenovirus E4orf4 protein reduces phosphorylation of c-Fos and E1A proteins while simultaneously reducing the level of AP-1 ', Journal of virology , vol. 66, no. 10, pp. 5867-5878. (princeton.edu)
  • In transformed cells, induction of apoptosis by adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) early region 4 ORF 4 (E4orf4) correlates with accumulation of E4orf4 in the cell membrane-cytoskeleton fraction. (silverchair.com)
  • To determine the relative contribution of nuclear E4orf4 versus membrane-associated E4orf4 to cell death signaling, we engineered green fluorescent fusion proteins to target E4orf4 to specific cell compartments. (silverchair.com)
  • 9. Pereira DJ, McCarty DM, Muzyczka N. The adeno-associated virus (AAV) Rep protein acts as both a repressor and an activator to regulate AAV transcription during a productive infection. (genemedi.com)
  • The present invention provides mutant adeno-associated virus (AAV) that exhibit altered capsid properties, e.g., reduced binding to neutralizing antibodies in serum and/or altered heparin binding and/or altered infectivity of particular cell types. (justia.com)
  • Further studies suggested that TIF1 gamma possesses antiviral activity and limits adenovirus early and late gene product expression during infection. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Inactivating intracellular antiviral responses during adenovirus infection. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Initial mass spectrometric studies identified TIF1 family members-TIF1 alpha, TIF1 beta, and TIF1 gamma-as E1B-55K-binding proteins in both transformed and infected cells, but analyses revealed that, akin to TIF1 alpha, TIF1 gamma is reorganized in an E4orf3-dependent manner to promyelocytic leukemia protein-containing nuclear tracks during infection. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • The use of a number of different adenovirus early region mutants identified the specific and sole requirement for E4orf3 in mediating TIF1 gamma degradation. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Further analyses revealed that TIF1 gamma is targeted for degradation by a number of divergent human adenoviruses, suggesting that the ability of E4orf3 to regulate TIF1 gamma expression is evolutionarily conserved. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Taken together, these studies have identified novel adenovirus targets and have established a new role for the E4orf3 protein during infection. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Dafür spricht auch die Beobachtung, dass die Binderegionen von E1A und E4orf3 im p300-Protein teilweise überlappen und die Tatsache, dass das Ad5 E4orf3-Protein eine p300-bindungsdefiziente, transformationsdefekte E1A-Mutante (E1delN) in BRK-Transformationsexperimenten komplementiert. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Insgesamt zeigen diese Ergebnisse, dass die E4orf3-Proteine humaner Adenoviren eine zu E1A redundante Funktion besitzen und lassen vermuten, dass die onkogenen und mutagenen Eigenschaften des Ad5-Proteins über die Modulation der subnukleären Lokalisation und Funktion von p300 vermittelt werden. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Diverse roles for E4orf3 at late times of infection revealed in an E1B 55-kilodalton protein mutant background. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Serotype-specific reorganization of the Mre11 complex by adenoviral E4orf3 proteins. (wakehealth.edu)
  • As its name implies, AAV is dependent upon the presence of a helper virus, such as an adenovirus or herpes virus, for active replication. (justia.com)
  • The first gene encodes four proteins necessary for genome replication (Rep78, Rep68, Rep52, and Rep40), and the second expresses three structural proteins (VP1-3) that assemble to form the viral capsid. (justia.com)
  • 14. Efficient generation of double heterologous promoter controlled oncolytic adenovirus vectors by a single homologous recombination step in Escherichia coli. (nih.gov)
  • Indeed, TIF1 gamma knockdown accelerates the adenovirus-mediated degradation of MRE11, while TIF1 gamma overexpression delays the adenovirus-mediated degradation of MRE11. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Ubiquitin is best known for its role in redirecting the proteins towards degradation via proteasomal or lysosomal pathways by binding to the target protein in a polymer fashion (also known as poly-ubiquitin tags), but it is also involved in regulating nuclear localization and DNA repair pathways [ 65 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the following, we provide a detailed overview on the individual SUMO proteins and their (patho)physiological roles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • E1A and E1B proteins inhibit inflammation induced by adenovirus. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The effects of E4 mutations on DNA replication therefore may reflect a role for E4 in the regulation of replication rather than in the process of DNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • The E4 mutant H5d/1014 carries two deletion mutations that together destroy all E4 open reading frames (ORFs) except ORF 4. (nih.gov)
  • Macmillan Co, however, whether point mutations are as important in the scenario of NSCLC as in BCR-ABL-positive leukemia, as at least in some reported cases, mutant alleles constitute only a small minority of all alleles (151). (dpforex.com)
  • Several vaccine technology infection, rodents and small animal models that mimic hu- platforms targeting the MERS-CoV spike protein were dis- man disease hallmarks would be useful in initial screening cussed. (cdc.gov)
  • Widespread phosphorylation of histone H2AX by species C adenovirus infection requires viral DNA replication. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Neonatal infection with species C adenoviruses confirmed in viable cord blood lymphocytes. (wakehealth.edu)
  • A similar defect is reported here for E4 orf6-mutant viruses. (nih.gov)
  • Accordingly, the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear ratio of late viral mRNA was reduced in G(1) cells infected with the mutant viruses compared to that in G(1) cells infected with the wild-type virus. (nih.gov)
  • By contrast, this ratio was equivalent among cells infected during S phase with the wild-type or mutant viruses. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, cells infected during S phase with the E1B 55-kDa- or E4 orf6-mutant viruses synthesized more late viral protein than did cells infected during G(1). (nih.gov)
  • Studies of small DNA viruses found in various adenovirus preparations: physical, biological, and immunological characteristics. (genemedi.com)
  • Adenovirus early region 4 and viral DNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • Mutants of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) lacking early region 4 (E4) display a complex phenotype that includes a delay in the onset of viral DNA replication in low-multiplicity infections. (nih.gov)
  • We report that transcription of the adenovirus 5 E4 region is regulated during the release of paused Pol2 into productive elongation by recruitment of the super-elongation complex, dependent on promoter H3K18/27 acetylation by CBP/p300. (elifesciences.org)
  • The transforming potential of human adenoviruses has been traditionally ascribed to the E1A and E1B transcription units encoded within early region 1 (E1). (uni-regensburg.de)
  • The catalytically inactive Parkin C431S mutant results in a dead-end intermediate via ubiquitin-oxyester conjugation on Ser431 (Iguchi et al. (healthanddietblog.info)
  • 2014). Because ubiquitin is a small protein (9 kD), it is reasonable to assume that the aforementioned signal was derived from substrate-conjugated phosphorylated ubiquitin and/or ubiquitin chain containing phosphorylated ubiquitin. (healthanddietblog.info)
  • Small Ubiquitin like Modifier (SUMO) proteins have been recognized as one of the key PTMs modulating the function and half-life of many proteins, thereby serving as master switches in multiple molecular signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The central serine/threonine-kinase P-TEFb (CDK9-cyclin T), an AFF scaffold protein, and ENL or AF9 are consistent components of SEC complexes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Microvesicles loaded with MCs encoding a thymidine kinase (TK)/nitroreductase (NTR) fusion protein produced prolonged TK-NTR expression in mammary carcinoma cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The genetic study showed promising results in "silencing" the genes that translate into tau protein, the primary component behind dementia. (medicaldaily.com)
  • We also establish that this is a general transcriptional regulatory mechanism that applies to ~7% of expressed protein-coding genes in primary human airway epithelial cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • H5d/1014 also inhibits, in trans, the synthesis of viral DNA by other E4 mutants that lack both E4 ORFs 3 and 6. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphorilation-dependent alterations in the activity of c-Fos, E1A, or some unidentified protein might, then, lead to decreased synthesis of AP-1 components. (princeton.edu)
  • Orgel L. E. The maintenance of the accuracy of protein synthesis and its relevance to ageing. (unican.es)
  • S-Nitrosylation is well established as an important post-translational regulator in protein function and signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adenovirus virus-associated RNA and translational control. (nih.gov)
  • The data interpretation is based on first principles and can give absolute protein molecular weights and hydrodynamic translational frictional coefficients (leading to low resolution shape information of macromolecules in solution). (nih.gov)
  • Adenovirus E1A protein and cyclic AMP cooperate to induce transcription factor AP-1 and viral gene expression in mouse S49 cells. (princeton.edu)
  • 6. Reduced toxicity, attenuated immunogenicity and efficient mediation of human p53 gene expression in vivo by an adenovirus vector with deleted E1-E3 and inactivated E4 by GAL4-TATA promoter replacement. (nih.gov)
  • The method allowed the incorporation of a tumor-specific promoter, e.g. the heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) promoter, upstream of E1a , deletion of the E1B55k gene, and HR-free cloning of the recombined E1Δ55k gene into the Ad genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • B.1.1.7 has an unusually large number of genetic changes, particularly in the spike protein. (genemedi.net)
  • 8. A gene transfer vector-cell line system for complete functional complementation of adenovirus early regions E1 and E4. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Persistent transgene expression in mouse liver following in vivo gene transfer with a delta E1/delta E4 adenovirus vector. (nih.gov)
  • Analysis of adenovirus infections in synchronized cells. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The resulting sedimentation boundaries show strongly size-dependent separation of protein species. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, for example, to conventional size-exclusion chromatography, the faster migrating protein complexes will always remain in a bath of the slower sedimenting species, such that association and dissociation events from reversible complexes will continue to take place throughout the experiment, maintaining reversible complexes in a way that reflects the chemical equilibria and kinetic properties of the interaction. (nih.gov)
  • Image reconstruction reveals the complex molecular organization of adenovirus. (nih.gov)
  • Adenoviruses bearing lesions in the E1B 55-kDa protein (E1B 55-kDa) gene are restricted by the cell cycle such that mutant virus growth is most impaired in cells infected during G(1) and least restricted in cells infected during S phase (F. D. Goodrum and D. A. Ornelles, J. Virol. (nih.gov)
  • An E4 orf3-mutant virus was not restricted for growth by the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Efficient dual transcomplementation of adenovirus E1 and E4 regions from a 293-derived cell line expressing a minimal E4 functional unit. (nih.gov)
  • We have investigated the effects of S-nitrosylation on the rhodanese domain of the Escherichia coli integral membrane protein YgaP by NMR, X-ray crystallography, and mass spectrometry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immunoglobulin-like domains that are related in both sequence and structure can be found in several diverse protein families. (embl.de)
  • SUMO modification changes the function and/or fate of the protein especially under stress conditions, and the consequences of this conjugation can be appreciated from development to diverse disease processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Construction of conditionally-replicative Adenovirus (CRAd) is complex and time-consuming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several recent studies have implicated SUMO proteins as key regulators in various cardiovascular disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the late 90s, a single protein, now called SUMO1, was reported by several researchers with different names with differing functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 3. Generation of an adenovirus vector lacking E1, e2a, E3, and all of E4 except open reading frame 3. (nih.gov)
  • Sedimentation velocity (SV) analytical ultracentrifugation is a highly versatile method that can shed light on many aspects of protein interactions, including the number of different classes of complexes, their stoichiometry, binding constants from the nanomolar to millimolar range, and structural changes associated with binding. (nih.gov)
  • The latter aspects highlight why SV is uniquely suited for the study of non-covalent protein interactions. (nih.gov)
  • Ig molecules are highly modular proteins, in which the variable and constant domains have clear, conserved sequence patterns. (embl.de)