• In humans, mutations in the L1 cell adhesion molecule are associated with a neurological syndrome termed CRASH, which includes corpus callosum agenesis, mental retardation, adducted thumbs, spasticity, and hydrocephalus. (jneurosci.org)
  • Serial neurosphere culture, multi-lineage differentiation, and orthotopic transplantation were used to assess whether these mutations induced de-differentiation of cortical astrocytes into glioma stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • Results: G1/S-defective, Rb knockout astrocytes gained unlimited self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capacity, in both the presence and absence of Kras and Pten mutations. (nih.gov)
  • Conclusion: A defined set of core signaling pathway mutations induces de-differentiation of cortical murine astrocytes into glioma stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • Because of this the phenotype of disorders caused by keratin gene mutations varies greatly depending upon the particular keratin that is mutated. (coek.info)
  • Direct evidence for this model comes from the identification of heterozygous germline mutations in the homeodomain transcription factor PHOX2B , a regulator of sympathetic neuronal differentiation [3] - [8] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The concept of mutation was coined by Hugo De Vries in 1901, whom worked with plants species of the genus Oenothera where he discovered some phenotypic hereditary characteristics that he coined as "mutations" and "mutants" to those individuals that have these phenotypic alterations. (intechopen.com)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) results from BCR-ABL oncogene, which blocks CML cells differentiation and protects these cells from apoptosis. (jcancer.org)
  • Here, we determined the effect of Jiyuan oridonin A (JOA), an ent -kaurene diterpenoid compound, on the differentiation blockade in imatinib-sensitive, particularly, imatinib-resistant CML cells with BCR-ABL-T315I mutation by cell proliferation assay, apoptosis analysis, cell differentiation analysis, cell cycle analysis and colony formation assay. (jcancer.org)
  • This control of cDC homeostasis is mediated by a number of factors that drive cDC differentiation, proliferation, and survival or apoptosis ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Enhancement of iPSC-derived DCs apoptosis, limitation in cell growth and reduction in colony formation ability of these cells [33], and the problems of cost and time related to iPSC also exist [32]. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • Reduced β cells mass is often seen in T2D individuals, caused by enhanced β cells apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • It is now understood that several components drive β cells dysfunction and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Abnormal proliferation, clonal expansion, aberrant differentiation, and diminished apoptosis (programmed cell death) lead to replacement of normal blood elements with malignant cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Precisely how mutant TET2 contributes to AITL oncogenesis is unclear, but experimental data has shown that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are particularly vulnerable to disruption of TET2 function resulting in increased self-renewal capacity and altered terminal differentiation [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Allelic deficiency, modeled by phox2b morpholino knockdown, led to a decrease in the terminal differentiation markers th and dbh in sympathetic ganglion cells. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • This effect on terminal differentiation is associated with an increased number of phox2b + , ascl1 + , elavl3 − cells that respond poorly to retinoic acid. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • These results establish a critical and disease-relevant role for ATP synthase in human cell fate decisions and neuronal metabolism. (helsinki.fi)
  • In this study, researchers grafted bone marrow cells into mutant mice suffering from the degeneration of specific neuronal populations at different ages, then compared them to similarly transplanted healthy controls. (eurekalert.org)
  • Ceramide is necessary for regulation of programmed cell death in a number of tissues, including the differentiation of neuronal cells. (medscape.com)
  • These findings suggest that a reduced dosage of PHOX2B during development, through either a heterozygous deletion or dominant-negative mutation, imposes a block in the differentiation of sympathetic neuronal precursors, resulting in a cell population that is likely to be susceptible to secondary transforming events. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
  • The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
  • Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
  • We show that TMEM53 acts as an inhibitor of BMP-SMAD signaling by preventing SMAD accumulation in the cell nucleus and that its deficiency enhances osteogenic differentiation by overactivating the BMP signaling pathway. (nature.com)
  • However, the primary mechanisms regulating osteogenic differentiation are controversial. (nature.com)
  • This limits and regulates cell growth and differentiation. (icr.org)
  • IFABP and the binding thermodynamics (Richieri growth and differentiation (Glatz & van der et al. (lu.se)
  • Regulates the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells by binding to its interacting cytokine IL-3, and plays a role in regulating the function of the immune system. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The Il3ra can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of different types of immune cells in the immune system, thus affecting the function of the immune system. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The vast majority of embryonal tumors like neuroblastoma arise from aberrant genetic and epigenetic changes that control the survival, proliferation and differentiation of specific tissues. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In the lymph gland , an hematopoietic organ in Drosophila larva, a group of cells called the Posterior Signaling Centre (PSC), whose specification depends on the EBF transcription factor Collier (Col) and the HOX factor Antennapedia (Antp), has been proposed to form a niche required to maintain the pool of hematopoietic progenitors (prohemocytes). (sdbonline.org)
  • Together, this study shows that the PSC is dispensable for blood cell progenitor maintenance and reveals the key role of the conserved transcription factor Col as an intrinsic regulator of hematopoietic progenitor fate. (sdbonline.org)
  • Blood cell production in the Drosophila hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland , is controlled by intrinsic factors and extrinsic signals. (sdbonline.org)
  • Further, premature blood cell differentiation when PSC specification or signaling was impaired, led to assigning the PSC a role equivalent to the vertebrate hematopoietic niche. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here we use single cell transcriptomics (scRNA-Seq) to analyze if miRNAs maintain a coherent mode of action with the transcriptional program during differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in zebrafish. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
  • We demonstrate that miRNAs play a fundamental role ensuring a robust and efficient transit through the transcriptional landscape continuum of hematopoietic differentiation. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal expansion of the progenitor hematopoietic stem cells arising from the existence of the fusion BCR-ABL oncogene, that represents 15%-20% of the newly diagnosed cases of leukemia patients [ 1 - 2 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • iPS cells can generate hematopoietic cells similar to those derived from ES cells that are specific for each person and can be differentiated from a small number of available somatic cells such as fibroblast, but with a low efficiency [32]. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • In turn, this microRNA-mediated repression is embedded in the larger framework of the transcriptional program of the cell, which regulates the expression of both the miRNA and its targets. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
  • In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
  • Further, oxidant-induced toxicity in the normal population may facilitate the clonal expansion of the more resistant initiated cell during promotion 2,5,29 . (bvsalud.org)
  • These new findings suggest new roles for L1 in the mechanism of cortical dendrite differentiation, as well as in guidance of callosal axons and regulation of hippocampal development. (jneurosci.org)
  • In-vitro studies with isolated SA progenitor cells had suggested that chromaffin cell differentiation depends crucially on glucocorticoids provided by adrenal cortical cells. (silverchair.com)
  • In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of an apoptosome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Myostatin, also known as 'growth differentiation factor 8' (GDF-8), is a protein in humans that circulates in the blood system and acts on muscle tissue by binding a receptor on the muscle-cell surface. (icr.org)
  • Encodes a cell division cycle protein, a member of AAA-type ATPases gene family. (or.jp)
  • In addition, the expression of these fusions are no longer cell-cycle regulated, as well as GroEL synthesis in a strain which does not have the HrcA protein, the putative repressor that binds CIRCE, indicating that the CIRCE-HrcA system are involved in cell cycle regulation of groESL in C. crescentus. (usp.br)
  • Previous studies have shown that B cell development and activation in GC are controlled by different molecular mechanisms, such as protein phosphorylation, transcription, microRNA, and epigenetic modification. (umontreal.ca)
  • Conditional deletion of the Bmi-1 polycomb protein depleted pre-GEPCOT and GEPCOT cells, though pre-GEPCOT cells were more dependent upon Bmi-1 for Cdkn2a ( p16 Ink4a ) repression. (elifesciences.org)
  • The genetic defect in HSAN III is in the inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells, kinase complex-associated protein (IKBKAP) at chromosome arm 9q31. (medscape.com)
  • For optimal interaction with LPS, TLR4 requires association with myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2). (adipogen.com)
  • The malignant cells exhibit peptides produced from mutant mobile protein or oncogenic viral protein and present them in colaboration with course I MHC substances. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)
  • To examine the role of OPN in vascular calcification, OPN mutant mice were crossed with matrix Gla protein (MGP) mutant mice. (silverchair.com)
  • We have used conditional gene deletion of mouse β-catenin in Sox17-positive embryonic and extra-embryonic endoderm as well as vascular endothelial progenitors to address the function of canonical Wnt signalling in cell lineage formation and patterning. (biologists.com)
  • First identified in embryonic stem cells, SEs mediate pluripotent state maintenance by promoting the expression of pluripotent identity genes, including Oct4 , Sox2 , Nanog and Klf4 . (nature.com)
  • Author Overview During embryonic advancement, stem cell-like primordial germ cells travel over the developing embryo towards the genital ridge, gives rise towards the gonad. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • We conclude that licensing of embryonic primordial germ cells for gametogenesis would depend on signaling through the genital ridge. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Our findings may have implications for research on liver differentiation from embryonic stem cells. (xenbase.org)
  • A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
  • The role of Notch signaling was investigated by analyzing 37 midline-expressed genes in Notch pathway mutant and misexpression embryos. (biologists.com)
  • Further analysis of two overlapping deficiency lines and mutant alleles led to identification of genetic interactions between the CDK8-CycC pair and the components of the Decapentaplegic (Dpp, the Drosophila homolog of TGFβ, or Transforming Growth Factor-β) signaling pathway. (sdbonline.org)
  • Our major project is to investige a pathway that controls the polarity of epithelial cells within the plane of the epithelium. (stanford.edu)
  • Once spermatogonia enter the "differentiation" pathway, they become known as A1 spermatogonia in the mouse and A- pale spermatogonia in humans and begin a series of irreversible differentiation steps leading to meiosis and spermiogenesis ( 1 ) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
  • Liver Specification in the Absence of Cardiac Differentiation Revealed by Differential Sensitivity to Wnt/β Catenin Pathway Activation. (xenbase.org)
  • In the motor, somatosensory, and visual cortex, many pyramidal neurons in layer V exhibited undulating apical dendrites that did not reach layer I. The hippocampus of L1 mutant mice was smaller than normal, with fewer pyramidal and granule cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Analyses of the molecular pathophysiology using the primary cells from the Tmem53 -/- mice and the TMEM53 knock-out cell lines indicates that TMEM53 inhibits BMP signaling in osteoblast lineage cells by blocking cytoplasm-nucleus translocation of BMP2-activated Smad proteins. (nature.com)
  • However, analysis of mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor gene had revealed that adrenal chromaffin cells develop mostly normally in these mice. (silverchair.com)
  • Mutant keratin genes introduced into transgenic mice mimicked the diseases. (coek.info)
  • From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
  • 2005. Protection by dietary zinc in ALS mutant G93A SOD transgenic mice. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. (mdpi.com)
  • I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)
  • He gonad throughout granulosa cell differentiation (Pyroptosis Accession Figure 1B). (bet-bromodomain.com)
  • Emigration to the dorsal mesentery did not occur, and consequently, gonad PRMT3 Gene ID primordia at E13.5 were devoid of germ cells (Figure 2A). (bet-bromodomain.com)
  • Germ cell licensing continues to be regarded as a gonad-independent and cell-autonomous event, predicated on observations that some PGCs, having migrated never to the gonad but towards the adrenal gland, non-etheless enter meiosis in a period body parallel to ovarian germ cells - and perform so whatever the sex from the embryo. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • cKO mutants migrated to the region where in fact the genital ridge, the precursor from the gonad, would be formed ordinarily. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Expression of Sry in the XY gonad, or as a transgene in an XX gonad, leads to the differentiation of Sertoli cells. (duke.edu)
  • Failures in Sertoli cell differentiation in the XY gonad result in sex reversal and ovary formation. (duke.edu)
  • L1 has been localized to growth cones and processes of postmitotic developing neurons, where it mediates cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and axon bundling. (jneurosci.org)
  • The diversification of neural-crest-derived sympathoadrenal (SA) progenitor cells into sympathetic neurons and neuroendocrine adrenal chromaffin cells was thought to be largely understood. (silverchair.com)
  • Unexpectedly, depending on mutation heteroplasmy level, the truncation showed multiple threshold effects in cellular reprogramming, neurogenesis and in metabolism of mature motor neurons (MN). (helsinki.fi)
  • The study of how transcriptional control and cell signaling influence neurons and glia to acquire their differentiated properties is fundamental to understanding CNS development and function. (biologists.com)
  • In this paper, the origins and differentiation of midline neurons and glia were analyzed. (biologists.com)
  • But we also have provided the first evidence that BMDCs can contribute simultaneously to different encephalic areas through different mechanisms of plasticity - cell fusion for Purkinje cells - among the largest and most elaborately dendritic neurons in the human brain - and differentiation for olfactory bulb interneurons. (eurekalert.org)
  • This study shows a potential new contribution of bone marrow derived cells following transplantation into the brain, making these cells highly versatile, in their ability to both differentiate into and fuse with endogenous neurons" said Dr. Paul R. Sanberg , coeditor-in-chief of CELL TRANSPLANTATION and distinguished professor of Neuroscience at the Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida. (eurekalert.org)
  • Neurons that arise in the adult nervous system originate from neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Neural stem cells can also give rise to neural progenitor cells, which proliferate rapidly during their short lives and then 'differentiate' into neurons or glia. (elifesciences.org)
  • Since neurosphere-forming cells can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia, the ability of cells to form neurospheres has generally been taken as evidence that they are stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
  • This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
  • The maintenance of stem or progenitor cell fate relies on intrinsic factors as well as local cues from the cellular microenvironment and systemic signaling. (sdbonline.org)
  • In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of an abnormally differentiated, long-lived myeloid progenitor cell results in high circulating numbers of immature blood cells and replacement of normal marrow by malignant cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Depending on their size we suspected them to become germ cells having lost already expression of their standard marker, although we couldn't exclude that they represented mutant somatic cells. (bet-bromodomain.com)
  • This time window correlates with an epigenetic transition of PGCs and cell cycle arrest involving E7.5-E9.5 [3,11].Loss of Mad2l2 deficient PGCs is caused by an intrinsic failureProper development of PGCs relies on their endogenous system as well as on exogenous signals emanating from surrounding somatic cells that assistance their induction, migration or survival in many organisms [414]. (bet-bromodomain.com)
  • It depends on a stage-wise developmental process that includes B cell activation, antigen processing and presentation to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, proliferation and somatic hypermutation in GC, selection and eventual differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells (PC) or memory B cells. (umontreal.ca)
  • Our outcomes indicate that licensing isn't cell-autonomous but is certainly induced with the somatic genital ridge purely. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Some examples include the specialized hair cells of the mammalian cochlea, that display a spectacularly polarized organization of kinocilia and stereocilia on their apical surfaces, the dynamic ciliated cells of the tracheal and reproductive tract epithelia, and cells in the gastrulating vertebrate embryo that display polarized migration and intercalation behaviors. (stanford.edu)
  • BCR-ABL oncogene encodes a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase (TK), which triggers different downstream targets including c-Myc, STAT5 and CrkL, which participated in the control of cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and other cellular behaviors [ 3 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • We also identified two pathways, proliferation and cell migration, that are controlled by Sry and lead to the architectural patterning of the testis. (duke.edu)
  • This observation, and the demonstration that mutants in specific genes that interfere with the dimorphic transition are non-virulent, has suggested that this process might be a target for efficient antimycotic drugs. (benthamscience.com)
  • Composed of multiple constituent enhancers, super enhancers (SEs) are powerful cis-regulatory elements that identify genes that ensure sequential differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Functionally, cDC1 cross-present exogenous antigens to activate CD8 + T cells and can promote IL-12 dependent Th1 responses ( 1 , 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The iPS cell-derived DCs possess the features of primary DCs like the capacity for T-cell stimulation, digesting and delivering antigens, and the ability of making cytokines. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • After intracellular digesting, DCs present peptides produced from tumor-associated antigens in complicated with MHC course I substances to naive Compact disc8+ T-cells. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • After that, the Compact disc8+ T-cell response is normally particular for tumor antigens and needs cross-presentation from the tumor antigens by professional APCs, such as for example dendritic cells. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • Meanwhile breakthroughs in strategies for cell transplantation are enabling a future in which there can be a rescue of patients with end-stage liver diseases, offering potential solutions to the chronic shortage of livers and alternatives to liver transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recent advances are summarized for promoting the treatment of end-stage liver diseases by forms of cell transplantation that now include grafting strategies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, several groups were studying the possibility of stem cells transplantation as a therapeutic alternative since it is a promising strategy in regenerative medicine for treating various diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this review, we will discuss cell therapy in end-stage liver disease treatment, especially focusing on various cell types utilized for cell transplantation, and elucidate the processes involved. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tampa, Fla. (Dec, 19 2011) - Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDCs) have been recognized as a source for transplantation because they can contribute to different cell populations in a variety of organs under both normal and pathological conditions. (eurekalert.org)
  • Their results are published in the current issue of Cell Transplantation (20:8) now freely available on-line at http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cog/ct/ . (eurekalert.org)
  • Six weeks after transplantation, however, more bone marrow-derived microglial cells were observed in the olfactory bulbs of the test animals where the degeneration of mitral cells was still in progress. (eurekalert.org)
  • The editorial offices for CELL TRANSPLANTATION are at the Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, the University of South Florida and the Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. (eurekalert.org)
  • We still do not know what specific factors contribute to the success in transplantation i.e. what cells are responsible for motor recovery? (lu.se)
  • Treatment includes induction chemotherapy to achieve remission and postremission chemotherapy (with or without stem cell transplantation) to avoid relapse. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The primary goal of my work on PCP has been to elucidate, at molecular and cell biological levels, the nature of the signals that induce subcellular asymmetry, and how cells then respond to this molecular asymmetry to orient their cytoskeletons. (stanford.edu)
  • Under polarizing inflammatory conditions, cDC2 induce Th2 responses in the lung ( 9 , 10 ), drive Th17 responses through IL-23 secretion ( 11 - 17 ), and initiate SIRPα dependent induction of T follicular helper cells (T FH ) and germinal center (GC) formation ( 18 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Interestingly, MN differentiation beyond progenitor stage was impaired by Notch hyperactivation in the MT-ATP6 mutant, but not by rotenone-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that altered mitochondrial morphology contributed to Notch hyperactivation. (helsinki.fi)
  • Interestingly, beside its expression in the PSC, Col is also expressed at low levels in prohemocytes and it was shown that this expression persists in PSC-ablated and Antp mutant larvae. (sdbonline.org)
  • Interestingly, high Sprouty2 levels are also found in malignant glioma cells. (springer.com)
  • Interestingly, the contribution of BMDCs occurred through these two different plasticity mechanisms, which strongly suggests that plasticity mechanisms may be modulated by region and cell type-specific factors," he said. (eurekalert.org)
  • We demonstrate that Phox2b is capable of regulating itself as well as ascl1 , and that phox2b deficiency uncouples this autoregulatory mechanism, leading to inhibition of sympathetic neuron differentiation. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In each case, PCP is critical to the function of these cells and tissues, and errors in the signaling system controlling PCP lead to human diseases and developmental defects, including congenital deafness, neural tube closure defects and cardiac outflow tract anomalies. (stanford.edu)
  • In addition to the data from animal studies, the field of functional genomics has clearly shown that the myostatin gene is involved in a wide variety of cell processes with gene expression detected in the nervous system, immune system, muscle tissue, various internal organs, secretory cells, and reproductive tissues. (icr.org)
  • Unlike some other tissues, it has not been possible to identify or purify neural stem cells directly from the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • Mechanistically, the cell differentiation mediated by JOA may be originated from the inhibition of BCR-ABL/c-MYC signaling in CML cells expressing wild-type BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL-T315I. (jcancer.org)
  • Initial analysis of Collier/Early B Cell Factor function in the lymph gland revealed the role of the Posterior Signaling Center (PSC) in mounting a dedicated cellular immune response to wasp parasitism. (sdbonline.org)
  • This review will focus on the cellular mechanisms of liver homeostasis and how to select ideal sources of cells to be transplanted to achieve liver regeneration and repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other cellular therapy candidates, such as macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells, can remodel the hepatic microenvironment, thereby repairing the damaged liver. (bvsalud.org)
  • Within the cell, sub-cellular localization varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle.Mutants in which the expression of CDC48A is altered show defects in cytokinesis, cell expansion and cell differentiation. (or.jp)
  • A defining feature of neuroblastic tumors is their broad spectrum of cellular differentiation, ranging from undifferentiated cells that indicate a poor prognosis to those showing greater differentiation and predicting a generally favorable outcome [2] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Mutation in the cellular machinery controlling growth or differentiation is an example of the type of genetic change that occurs in initiation 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast to its normal counterparts, the initiated cell can escape from cellular control mechanisms when responding to external or intercellular signals 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Development requires that cells differentiate to acquire the necessary complement of cell fates, and that they adopt the structure required to carry out their functions. (stanford.edu)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show trilineage differentiation because these cells differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. (nature.com)
  • To gain insight into the oncogenic mechanisms engaged by these changes, we used zebrafish models to study the functional consequences of aberrant PHOX2B expression in the cells of the developing sympathetic nervous system. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • TIF) pgen.1005019.s001.tif (1.4M) GUID:?7DA4691B-692C-4318-B0FD-9162455064E0 S2 Fig: Germ cells in cKO (soma-specific Cre) embryos usually do not express DAZL or MVH. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • TIF) pgen.1005019.s003.tif (2.4M) GUID:?6B67ED8C-7D8D-4CF1-A4AF-BB5037290D25 S4 Fig: Germ cells in KO embryos, but complete degeneration occurs by E15.5 [30]. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Abstract In mouse embryos at mid-gestation, primordial germ cells (PGCs) go through licensing to be Loxapine gametogenesis-competent cells (GCCs), attaining the capability for meiotic initiation and intimate differentiation. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Right here we check the hypothesis that germ cell licensing is certainly cell-autonomous by evaluating the fate of PGCs in conditional mutant (cKO) mouse embryos. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • We examined this idea by evaluating the licensing procedure in mutant mouse embryos that didn't type a genital ridge. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • A conditional mutant was obtained by homologous recombination and in restrictive conditions growth is inhibited, DnaK levels are increased and the cells become filamentous, but no celllysis was observed. (usp.br)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Granulosa Cells, Cumulus MH - Coronary Sinus UI - D054326 MN - A07.231.908.194.500 MS - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. (bvsalud.org)
  • The release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP 3 R) occurs in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we have addressed these questions by altering intracellular Ca 2+ signals in flight-deficient itpr mutants through genetic means. (jneurosci.org)
  • Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
  • Our studies revealed novel functions of intracellular complement components in β cells, presenting a new link between complement and diabetes development. (lu.se)
  • In summary, this paper describes the formation and division of MPs and multiple roles for Notch signaling in midline cell development, providing a foundation for comprehensive molecular analyses. (biologists.com)
  • Because of the availability of remarkably powerful genetic, molecular and cell biological tools, we use the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, as our primary model for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of PCP signaling. (stanford.edu)
  • 2 Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK. (nih.gov)
  • Molecular mechanisms of organismal and cell aging remain incompletely understood. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
  • Molecular cell, 78(2), 317-328. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
  • This e-book includes several chapters on the most important and studied fungal models, written by specialists, discussing the biology of each species or genera, the general aspects controlling their dimorphic transition, the molecular aspects involved, the use of them as models for understanding the bases of biochemical and cell differentiation, and the importance of dimorphism in pathogenesis. (benthamscience.com)
  • This e-book is recommended for scholars and researchers working or interested in human, animal and plant pathogenesis, fungal genetics, molecular biology, development, evolution, and differentiation. (benthamscience.com)
  • 3 Clearly, myostatin plays a role in a wide variety of important cell processes. (icr.org)
  • Because of this, dimorphism has been the subject of extensive studies as a model for the differentiation processes occurring in eukaryotic organisms. (benthamscience.com)
  • Furthermore, although both col and Antp mutant larvae are devoid of PSC, the massive prohemocyte differentiation observed in col mutant is not phenocopied in Antp mutant. (sdbonline.org)
  • Our analysis of blood marrow from wild-type or miR-451, miR-144 and Ago2 mutant zebrafish shows that cells in the erythrocyte lineage devoid of these miRNAs display an intermediate transcriptional program and are more transcriptionally diverse that wild-type counterparts. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
  • Mechanistically, PTPN22 mediates cDC2 homeostasis in a cell intrinsic manner by restricting cDC2 proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Malignant transformation usually occurs at the pluripotent stem cell level, although it sometimes involves a committed stem cell with more limited capacity for self-renewal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Representative germ cells positive for DAZL are indicated by arrows. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • TIF) pgen.1005019.s004.tif (6.5M) GUID:?FFFFF7FB-539F-4C86-9C35-6C7EC5CB2568 S5 Fig: Germ cells in hJAL cKO (soma-specific Cre) cultured UGRs usually do not express DAZL or MVH. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • However, these germ cells didn't undergo licensing and maintained qualities of PGCs instead. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Around the proper period of their appearance, the primordial germ cells gain the capability to attempt sexual meiosisa and specialization process called germ cell licensing. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Predicated on the observation that meiosis and intimate differentiation may appear when primordial germ cells stray in to the section of the adrenal gland, the primordial germ cell continues to be regarded as responsible for its licensing. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • We found that in the lack of the genital ridge, primordial germ cells migrate over the correctly developing embryo, but of going through licensing rather, these cells retain their primordial germ cell features. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • In addition, we are investigating critical signals between Sertoli cells and germ cells during testis cord formation. (duke.edu)
  • In contrast with this model, this study shows that genetic ablation of the PSC does not cause an increase in blood cell differentiation or a loss of blood cell progenitors. (sdbonline.org)
  • Using genetic and cell biology approaches, we determined the origin of several key cell types of the testis. (duke.edu)
  • Carcinogenesis is a multistep process and individual risk to development of cancer depends not only on environmental factors or extrinsic exposure to carcinogens but also on genetic susceptibility of an individual. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since robust localisation of IRIS-1 in the nucleus is observed only in some nuclei, it can suggest that IRIS-1 is localising in the nucleus depending on the differentiation state of the cells or in a subset of cells with different functional relevance. (lu.se)
  • The Drosophila CNS midline cells are an excellent system for studying these issues because they consist of a small population of diverse cells with well-defined gene expression profiles. (biologists.com)
  • here, we use a combination of single-cell gene expression mapping and time-lapse imaging to identify individual MPs, their locations, movements and stereotyped patterns of division. (biologists.com)
  • Alteration of the pattern of gene expression by oxidants may function in the stimulation of the initiated cell during tumor promotion. (bvsalud.org)
  • The PSC contributes to lymph gland homeostasis by regulating blood cell differentiation, rather than by maintaining core progenitors. (sdbonline.org)
  • Maintaining the homeostasis of the multiple functionally distinct conventional dendritic cells (cDC) subsets that exist in vivo is crucial for regulating immune responses, with changes in numbers sufficient to break immune tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Collectively, our data demonstrate that PTPN22 controls cDC2 homeostasis, which in turn ensures appropriate cDC2-dependent T cell responses under antigenic challenge. (frontiersin.org)
  • As the major cell precursors in osteogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are indispensable for bone homeostasis and development. (nature.com)
  • The regulation of the cells in the liver is mediated by an insoluble complex of proteins and carbohydrates, the extracellular matrix, working synergistically with soluble paracrine and systemic signals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Next, we modeled the effects of the truncating mutation using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • Mutation of this residue in microbat IFITM3 impairs restriction of representatives of four different virus families that enter cells via endosomes. (nih.gov)
  • This mutant shows altered subcellular localization and reduced S-palmitoylation, a phenotype copied by mutation of conserved cysteine residues in microbat IFITM3. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, we show that microbat IFITM3 is S-palmitoylated on cysteine residues C71, C72, and C105, mutation of each cysteine individually impairs virus restriction, and a triple C71A-C72A-C105A mutant loses all restriction activity, concomitant with subcellular re-localization of microbat IFITM3 to Golgi-associated sites. (nih.gov)
  • We found that JOA at lower concentration significantly inhibited the proliferation of CML cells expressing mutant BCR-ABL (T315I mutation included) and wild-type BCR-ABL, which was due to that JOA induced the cell differentiation and the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. (jcancer.org)
  • JOA displayed the activity of inhibiting the BCR-ABL and promoted differentiation of not only imatinib -sensitive but also imatinib -resistant cells with BCR-ABL mutation, which could become a potent lead compound to overcome the imatinib -resistant induced by inhibitors of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in CML therapy. (jcancer.org)
  • B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) is considered to be the lineage defining transcription factor for T follicular helper cells (T FH ) [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Degradation of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and DMP-1 and release of acidic serine-rich and aspartate-rich MEPE-associated motif (ASARM) peptides are chiefly responsible for the hypophosphatemic rickets mineralization defect and changes in osteoblast-osteoclast differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells that instruct T cell responses through sensing environmental and inflammatory danger signals. (frontiersin.org)
  • Autofluorescent reddish colored bloodstream cells are indicated (asterisk). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Due to the nagging complications of culturing and manipulating immune system cellsex vivoex vivoin vitro[27], restriction in the real amount of the attained monocytes, and adjustable potential of differentiation predicated on bloodstream donors [13]. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • The asymmetrical predivisional cell gives rise to two morphologically and functionally different daughter cells: the swarmer cell an the stalked cell. (usp.br)
  • The formation of this complex was then believed to play a regulatory role in mammalian cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • To identify direct Collier (Col) targets in different cell types, ChIP-seq was used to map Col binding sites throughout the genome, at mid-embryogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
  • Moreover, pseudo-time analysis demonstrates that miRNA-mediated regulation acts in concert with the transcriptional regulation of their targets in the continuum of non-steady states of differentiation occurring in hematopoiesis. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
  • Pre-GEPCOT cells could not form neurospheres but expressed the stem cell markers Slc1a3-CreER T , GFAP-CreER T2 , Sox2 CreERT2 , and Gli1 CreERT2 and were long-lived in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
  • term pre-GEPCOT cells (based on an acronym of the markers used to isolate the cells), were long-lived and quiescent, but they lacked the ability to form colonies in culture. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cells synthesizing OPN lacked smooth muscle (SM) lineage markers, SM α-actin and SM22α. (silverchair.com)
  • We found that IRIS-1 expressing cells displayed significantly higher expression levels of Urocortin 3 and Pdx 1 (markers of mature β cells, which loss marks the beginning of β cells dedifferentiation), suggesting that IRIS-1 may be required for maintaining β cells identity and function. (lu.se)
  • Treatment efficacy may depend on the presence of glioma stem cells, expression of DNA repair enzymes such as methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT), or transcriptome subtype. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, targeted knockdown and rescue experiments indicate that Col expression is required in the prohemocytes to prevent their differentiation. (sdbonline.org)
  • The expression of keratins is differentiation and body site specific. (coek.info)
  • The expression of the groESL operon is induced by heat shock and is cell cycle controlled at normal temperatures, with maximal transcription in the predivisional cell and very low levels in the stalked cell. (usp.br)
  • In addition to Sertoli cell differentiation, we are studying the signaling pathways between Sry expression and early steps in testis organogenesis using mouse as a model system. (duke.edu)
  • Expression of the Escherichia coli tryptophanase operon depends on ribosome stalling during translation of the upstream TnaC leader peptide, a process for which interactions between the TnaC nascent chain and the ribosomal exit tunnel are critical. (cipsm.de)
  • In paper II, we showed that silencing of CD59 expression in rat β cells significantly suppressed insulin secretion. (lu.se)
  • When this connection was made, it launched a whole new field," says Isidore Rigoutsos, Ph.D., professor of pathology, anatomy, and cell biology and director of the Computational Medicine Center at Thomas Jefferson University. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Cells used in these studies for DC era had been immature and mature Metroprolol succinate monocytes, Compact disc34+ progenitors, ESC, and iPSC, some from the trial research had been performed using mature monocyte-derived DCs and in addition Compact disc34+ progenitors-derived DCs that differentiated using cytokines such as for example TNF-were also useful for stimulating differentiated DC [20, 40]. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • These are glucose-and lipo-toxicity, ER stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, dysfunctions in autophagy, and β cells dedifferentiation. (lu.se)
  • This heterogeneity suggests that dysregulated differentiation of sympathetic progenitor cells plays a key role in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Fungal dimorphism involves extensive changes in the cell physiology and morphology in response to external signals, producing drastic alterations in the cell wall structure and synthesis, whose growth pattern changes from isodiametric (spherical) to polarized or vice versa. (benthamscience.com)
  • Currently we are investigating the novel hypothesis that reciprocal signals between the vasculature and Sertoli cells are involved in patterning testis cords. (duke.edu)
  • However, as can be clearly seen from the studies in animals, bodies need myostatin to regulate cell growth. (icr.org)
  • They also showed that cross-regulation between col and eya in muscle progenitor cells is required for specification of muscle identity, revealing a new parallel between the myogenic regulatory networks operating in Drosophila and vertebrates. (sdbonline.org)
  • The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
  • However, it is not known if this coherent mode of action between miRNAs and the transcriptional program is maintained in non-steady state situations like cell differentiation. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
  • In both cases, we observe a coherent mode of action between miRNA and transcriptional program, as it was described for steady state situations, except that now pseudo-time analysis allows us to see that one program dominates more than other depending on how far along the differentiation path the cell is. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
  • Overall, our results provide a single-cell resolution view of how miRNAs reduce cell-to-cell transcriptional variability and efficiently resolve developmental transitions, highlighting the role of miRNAs as boosters rather than gate keepers of cell fate determination. (smallrna-bioinformatics.eu)
  • CTLs have got a crucial function by recognizing and getting rid of malignant cells potentially. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • The primary cell types in the liver are two parenchymal cell populations, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, that perform most of the functions of the liver and that are helped through interactions with non-parenchymal cell types comprising stellate cells, endothelia and various hemopoietic cell populations. (bvsalud.org)
  • For instance, hepatocytes derived from donor livers or stem cells colonize and proliferate in the liver, can replace host hepatocytes, and restore liver function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutant transthyretin produced in the liver accumulates as amyloid deposits in the peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • Notch signaling also promoted midline glial and median neuroblast cell fate. (biologists.com)
  • By contrast,the other daughter cell asymmetrically acquired Numb, which inhibited Notch signaling, leading to a different fate choice. (biologists.com)
  • Additionally, exactly the same territory contained accumulations of SSEA1-negative, apoptotic cells. (bet-bromodomain.com)