• Kenyon cells are the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom body, a neuropil found in the brains of most arthropods and some annelids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kenyon cells are presynaptic to mushroom body output neurons in the lobes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Information about odors may be encoded in the mushroom body by the identities of the responsive neurons as well as the timing of their spikes. (wikipedia.org)
  • We reconstructed, from a whole CNS EM volume, the synaptic map of input and output neurons that underlie food intake behavior of Drosophila larvae. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The mushroom body output neurons are connected to interneurons that directly target the feeding output neurons. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Mutation in the Drosophila retained/dead ringer ( retn ) gene leads to female behavioral defects and alters a limited set of neurons in the CNS. (sdbonline.org)
  • Neural defects of retn mutant cells include mushroom body ß-lobe fusion and pathfinding errors by photoreceptor and subesophageal neurons. (sdbonline.org)
  • B: Five visible cell bodies of unidentified neurons marked with a blue circle in the left hemisphere. (brembs.net)
  • With the focus on dopaminergic neurons, I conducted two experiments with two different driver lines to see how the naive gustatory behavior in Drosophila larvae is affected. (brembs.net)
  • Kenyon cells are mainly postsynaptic in the calyces, where their synapses form microglomeruli. (wikipedia.org)
  • Where a Kenyon cell sends its dendrites in the calyces and which lobes it projects its axons to varies based on its birth-order. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mushroom bodies are essential for olfactory learning and memory. (wikipedia.org)
  • One center, the mushroom body (MB), has been studied extensively and is thought to be a site for olfactory learning ( Davis, 2011 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Kenyon cells have dendritic branches that arborize in the calyx or calyces, cup-shaped regions of the mushroom body. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the base of the calyces, Kenyon cell axons come together and form a bundle known as the pedunculus. (wikipedia.org)
  • for example, those that have their cell bodies outside of the calyx cup are called clawed Kenyon cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • A: 4 PPM 2 DANs per hemisphere marked with blue circles, three clusters of Kenyon cell bodies per hemisphere marked with white arrows. (brembs.net)
  • Strong fluorescence of cell bodies of the Kenyon cells projecting into the Mushroom bodies is visible. (brembs.net)
  • This results in a concentric pattern of cell bodies, with the somata of the last-born cells in the center, where the neuroblast had been, and the somata of the first-born cells at the outermost margins of the cell body area. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Drosophila giant fiber (GF) escape circuit is an extensively studied model for neuron connectivity and function. (eneuro.org)
  • The Drosophila giant fiber circuit has long served as such a model, due to large neuron size, genetic malleability, and easily visualized behavioral output: a jump in response to a threat. (eneuro.org)
  • The small rectangle denotes the origin of the column from the calyx, as shown in panel B. The larger rectangle corresponds to comparable lengths of columnar neuropil in panels B, E and F. ( E ) Anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (magenta) and anti-α-tubulin (cyan) immunolabelling reveals discrete synaptic domains of mushroom body output neurons (MBON) along the length of a column. (elifesciences.org)
  • Kenyon cells have dendritic branches that arborize in the calyx or calyces, cup-shaped regions of the mushroom body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Class II Kenyon cells, defined by their early birthdate and unique dendritic arborizations, have been observed in the mushroom bodies of evolutionarily divergent insects. (arizona.edu)
  • Kenyon cells are the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom body, a neuropil found in the brains of most arthropods and some annelids. (wikipedia.org)
  • for example, those that have their cell bodies outside of the calyx cup are called clawed Kenyon cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, polyclonal antibodies against the catalytic subunit of Drosophila protein kinase A (anti-DC0) label an unusual and previously undescribed trajectory for these neurons. (arizona.edu)
  • At the base of the calyces, Kenyon cell axons come together and form a bundle known as the pedunculus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike in Drosophila, reorganization of Class II Kenyon cells in the honey bee does not involve the loss of axon branches. (arizona.edu)
  • The observed variations in morphology indicate that subpopulations of Class II Kenyon cells in the honey bee can likely be further defined by significant differences in their specific connections and functions within the mushroom bodies. (arizona.edu)
  • The present account reports for the first time the occurrence of mushroom body reorganization during metamorphosis in holometabolous insect species outside of the Diptera. (arizona.edu)
  • In contrast, the mushroom bodies of closely related hymenopteran species, the polistine wasps, undergo a much more dramatic restructuring near the end of metamorphosis. (arizona.edu)
  • I, J ) Cross sections of mushroom body column in a stomatopod (panel I) and cockroach (panel J) demonstrate spine-like specializations (insets) of dendrites typifying MBONs. (elifesciences.org)
  • This results in a concentric pattern of cell bodies, with the somata of the last-born cells in the center, where the neuroblast had been, and the somata of the first-born cells at the outermost margins of the cell body area. (wikipedia.org)
  • To test this hypothesis, this study used Drosophila - and cell-based models of CGG-repeat-associated toxicity. (sdbonline.org)
  • Driving expression of FMRpolyG enhances induction of UPS impairment in cell models, while prevention of RAN translation attenuates UPS impairment in cells and suppresses the genetic interaction with UPS manipulation in Drosophila . (sdbonline.org)
  • This study demonstrates that the CGG repeat expansion responsible for the neurodegenerative disorder FXTAS is capable of interacting genetically with modulators of UPS function in Drosophila and of inducing UPS impairment in human cell lines. (sdbonline.org)