Musculocutaneous brachial plexus. Medical search. Frequent questions

Brachial plexus anatomy. (asra.com)
Feigl GC, Litz RJ, Marhofer P. Anatomy of the brachial plexus and its implications for daily clinical practice: regional anesthesia is applied anatomy. (medscape.com)
Before we go into the specifics of brachial plexus injuries in babies, it's important to first understand brachial plexus anatomy. (janiceklaw.com)
Fig. 2.1 Anatomy of the brachial plexus. (aneskey.com)
Fig. 2.4 Anatomy of the brachial plexus. (aneskey.com)
Fig. 2.5 Anatomy of the brachial plexus. (aneskey.com)

After lesioning of the dorsal root entry zone due to painful avulsion, double fascicles (flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris) of the median and ulnar nerve) were transferred to the biceps brachii and brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve to restore elbow flexion. (thenerve.net)
The so-called 'double fascicular nerve transfer' entails a surgical transfer of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and flexor carpi ulnar (FCU) branches of the median and ulnar nerves to the biceps brachii and brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve for functional restoration of elbow flexion 2 - 4 , 6 , 7 , 12 - 15 ). (thenerve.net)
The branches from the cords go to form the terminal nerves of the upper extremity, namely the musculocutaneous, axillary, median,radial, and ulnar nerves. (asra.com)
The brachial plexus supplies all of the cutaneous innervation of the upper limb, except for the area of the axilla (which is supplied by the supraclavicular nerve) and the dorsal scapula area, which is supplied by cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami. (medscape.com)
Brachial plexus with terminal branches labeled. (medscape.com)
The cords then pass into the axilla and divide into nerve branches: the musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, and ulnar nerves (see the image below). (medscape.com)
The brachial plexus ends with five nerve branches in the arm. (janiceklaw.com)
The most frequent anatomic variations of the musculocutaneous nerve could be divided in two main groups: communicating branches with the median nerve and variations in relation to the origin, which in turn can be subdivided into absence of the nerve and non-perforation of the coracobrachialis muscle. (unab.edu.co)
Branches from the lateral and medial cords combine to form the median nerve - this creates the distinctive M-shape appearance when the brachial plexus is encountered around the brachial artery in a cadaver. (pondermed.com)

The divisions undergo yet another level of reorganization into the three cords as the brachial plexus emerges from under the clavicle. (asra.com)
The ICB blocks the brachial plexus at the level of the cords. (asra.com)
However, this technique is limited in that the three cords of the brachial plexus are located deep within the pectoral muscles and are scattered around the axillary artery (AA) with a highly variable position. (biomedcentral.com)
At the CCS, the three cords of the brachial plexus are clustered together between the subclavius and serratus anterior muscles and are consistently lateral to the AA. (biomedcentral.com)

Obstetric brachial plexus palsy is a well known, challenging condition that afflicts 1% of births. (medscape.com)

There are multiple approaches to blockade of the brachial plexus, beginning proximally with the interscalene block and continuing distally with the supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and axillary blocks. (wikipedia.org)
Bazy in 1917, followed by Labat in 1922 are credited with the infraclavicular approach to brachial plexus. (asra.com)
The infraclavicular block has several advantages that make it a preferable approach to brachial plexus blockade: comprehensive upper extremity anesthesia, lower incidence of tourniquet pain and preferable site for catheter insertion. (asra.com)
[2] Block onset time may be slightly longer for infraclavicular block when compared to other single injection brachial plexus blocks. (asra.com)
Venkatraman R., Matheswaran P., Sivarajan G.,. A Randomised Comparative Evaluation of Supraclavicular and Infraclavicular Approaches to Brachial Plexus Block for Upper Limb Surgery using both Ultrasound and Nerve Simulation. (medscape.com)
3. Lower brachial plexus injury - This type of injury involves the infraclavicular part of plexus. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block. (medscape.com)
Nadig M, Ekatodramis G, Borgeat A. Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block. (medscape.com)
Macfarlane A, Anderson K. Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Blocks. (medscape.com)

Motor root avulsion of the C5 and C6 roots results in Erb palsy, with loss of supply to muscles innervated by the suprascapular nerve, axillary nerve, and musculocutaneous nerve 3 ). (thenerve.net)
The nerves affected are those that originate solely from C5 and C6 - the musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, suprascapular nerve, and nerve to subclavius. (pondermed.com)

The diagnosis of brachial plexus avulsion is often delayed by concomitant trauma to the arm and shoulder. (thenerve.net)
We present our initial experience of double fascicular nerve transfer for upper brachial plexus avulsion. (thenerve.net)
Loss of shoulder and elbow function is typical of upper brachial plexus avulsion 3 , 13 ). (thenerve.net)
8 ) reported the technique of nerve transfer from a redundant fascicle of the ulnar nerve to the biceps brachii branch of the musculocutaneous nerve for restoration of elbow function due to upper brachial plexus avulsion. (thenerve.net)
8 ) for upper brachial plexus avulsion 7 ). (thenerve.net)
Brachial plexus avulsion causes characteristic pain and paralysis in the upper extremities but often goes undiagnosed for years due to trauma to the shoulder and arm 5 , 9 , 10 ). (thenerve.net)
Despite pain surgery for neuropathic pain in brachial plexus avulsion 5 , 9 , 10 ), no surgical restoration of the function of the elbow and shoulder was possible because it was referred to the authors one year after a shoulder injury. (thenerve.net)
Finally, the authors had an opportunity to identify and treat brachial plexus avulsion in a patient who presented with pain and paralysis in the left arm within 1 year of the injury. (thenerve.net)
In many instances, however, delay in treatment or complete avulsion of the brachial plexus limits the reconstruction options. (medscape.com)
Cite this: Gracilis Free Muscle Transfer for Restoration of Function After Complete Brachial Plexus Avulsion - Medscape - May 01, 2004. (medscape.com)

Side effects Temporary paresis (impairment of the function) of the thoracic diaphragm occurs in virtually all people who have undergone interscalene or supraclavicular brachial plexus block. (wikipedia.org)
Mudakanagoudar MS. Comparison between Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Upper Limb Surgeries. (medscape.com)
Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block is a popular anesthetic technique for upper limb surgeries. (ijrsms.com)

The anterior division of the lower trunk forms the medial cord, which gives off the medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1), the medial brachial cutaneous nerve (T1), and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C8, T1). (medscape.com)
The medial brachial cutaneous and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves come of the medial cord. (medscape.com)
After the musculocutaneous nerve has arisen from the lateral cord, it combines with parts of the medial cord to form the median nerve ( Fig. 2.6 , Fig. 2.7 , Fig. 2.8 ). (aneskey.com)

To achieve an optimal block, the tip of the needle should be close to the nerves of the plexus during the injection of local anesthetic solution. (wikipedia.org)
2. Total brachial plexus lesion - It affects almost all the nerves of the plexus and presents with a flail limb without sensations. (brachialplexustreatment.com)

The roots combine above the first rib to form the superior, middle, and inferior trunks of the brachial plexus, between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, in the interscalene groove. (asra.com)
The trunks of the brachial plexus pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. (medscape.com)

Diagram showing basic relationships of the brachial plexus to the pectoralis minor muscle and the axillary artery, which is a continuation of the subclavian artery. (medscape.com)
It then continues on as the brachial artery. (pondermed.com)
The subclavian artery and brachial plexus pass into the axillary cavity medial to the coracoid process ( Fig. 2.2 , Fig. 2.3 , Fig. 2.4 , Fig. 2.5 ). (aneskey.com)
Note: two roots of the median nerve behind the brachial artery. (aneskey.com)

The roots of the brachial plexus represent the ventral rami of these spinal nerves. (asra.com)
The brachial plexus (plexus brachialis) is a somatic nerve plexus formed by intercommunications among the ventral rami (roots) of the lower 4 cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1). (medscape.com)
The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 are referred to as the "roots" of the plexus. (medscape.com)

The radial nerve is the largest branch of the brachial plexus and innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm. (mrimaster.com)
This is the most functionally significant rearrangement of nerve fibres in the brachial plexus, as all the anterior divisions are destined to innervate anterior compartment (flexor) muscles, and all the posterior divisions will innervate posterior compartment (extensor) muscles. (pondermed.com)

The lateral cord divides in to the musculocutaneous nerve and lateral root of the median nerve. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
the lateral cord of the brachial plexus with the medial root of the median nerve in 18.52%, 2. (bvsalud.org)
the musculocutaneous with the median nerve in 7.41% and 3. (bvsalud.org)
Double fascicular nerve transfer (a fascicle of the ulnar nerve to biceps branch and a fascicle of the median nerve to brachialis branch of the musculocutaneous nerve) was used to reconstruct elbow flexion in 3 patients. (ijssurgery.com)

Most obstetric injuries to the brachial plexus involve the upper trunk and cervical nerve roots C5 and C6. (medscape.com)
The brachial plexus communicates with the sympathetic trunk via gray rami communicantes, which join the roots of the plexus. (medscape.com)

Treatment of brachial plexus and other complex nerve injuries often involves microsurgery, the practice of operating under a microscope with tiny tools and materials such as sutures that cannot be viewed by the naked eye. (hss.edu)
In the treatment of brachial plexus injuries, the sural nerve (a long nerve that extends from the ankle to the back of the knee) is often used. (hss.edu)
Any wrong move could result in major birth injuries, such as a brachial plexus injury. (janiceklaw.com)
There are many types of brachial plexus injuries. (janiceklaw.com)
Some medical professionals believe that brachial neuritis is the result of an autoimmune response from childbirth, infections, and injuries. (janiceklaw.com)
These injuries occur in approximately 4.2% of motor cycle accidents.1 Other less common modes of injury include automobile accidents, falls, sports injury, bicycle and pedestrian accidents, stab and gunshot wounds, inflammation ( Brachial neuritis or Parsonage Turner syndrome) and compression by tumors. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
Traumatic brachial plexopathies are a diverse and complex group of injuries that result in functional upper-extremity deficits ranging from weakness to complete paralysis. (medscape.com)

Brachial neuritis is a rare condition that causes severe pain in the shoulder and arm. (janiceklaw.com)
If the scanner allows a rectangular FOV, please use an FOV of 200x300mm to cover the entire brachial plexus from the right shoulder joint to the left shoulder joint. (mrimaster.com)
1. Upper brachial plexus injury - It involves the C5, C6 spinal nerves and presents with a weak shoulder and elbow. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
These nerves form a bundle at the region of the shoulder called the brachial plexus. (paulcrookmd.com)

Hence, a single injection with a smaller volume of local anaesthetic (20-25 mL) at the centre of the nerve cluster produces a blockade of the terminal nerves of the brachial plexus. (biomedcentral.com)

The basic anatomical relationships of the brachial plexus (BP). (medscape.com)
Fig. 2.7 Brachial plexus in the axillary region: anatomical overview. (aneskey.com)

Brachial plexus block is a regional anesthesia technique that is sometimes employed as an alternative or as an adjunct to general anesthesia for surgery of the upper extremity. (wikipedia.org)
This technique involves the injection of local anesthetic agents in close proximity to the brachial plexus, temporarily blocking the sensation and ability to move the upper extremity. (wikipedia.org)
Module 1 ends with an exploration of the peripheral nervous system in the upper limb - the brachial plexus, axillary and arm nerves. (anatomytrains.com)
The plexus, depicted in the images below, is responsible for the motor innervation of all of the muscles of the upper extremity, with the exception of the trapezius and levator scapula. (medscape.com)
All upper extremity blocks involve the brachial plexus. (medscape.com)
Mani KV, Veerapandiyan A, Radhakrishnan S. A study on comparison between ultrasound guided technique and peripheral nerve stimulator guided technique in performing brachial plexus block (supraclavicular approach) for upper limb surgeries. (medscape.com)
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves originating from the spinal cord in the neck region (C5-T1) and branching out to provide motor and sensory innervation to the upper extremities. (mrimaster.com)
A brachial plexus injury results from the injury to the network of the nerves and manifests as impairment of motor and sensory functions of the involved upper limb. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
Brachial plexus injury leads to weakness or a partial or complete paralysis of the involved upper limb depending on the nerves injured. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originate from the spinal cord (5th to 8th cervical (C5-C8), and 1st thoracic (T1) spinal nerves) and control the movement and sensation in the upper limb. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
Involvement of C7 nerve is termed as an extended upper plexus injury. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
The brachial plexus is the complex network of nerves that supplies the upper limb. (pondermed.com)
The authors report the functional outcomes after functioning free muscle transfer (FFMT) for restoration of the upper-extremity movement after brachial plexus injury (BPI). (medscape.com)

Include C3-C4 if block is anesthetic The interscalene block is performed by injecting local anesthetic to the nerves of the brachial plexus as it passes through the groove between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, at the level of the cricoid cartilage. (wikipedia.org)

An increase in blood flow in the forearm arteries has been reported after brachial plexus block (BPB). (biomedcentral.com)

The brachial plexus arise from the anterior rami of C5-8 and T1 with some contribution from C4 and T2. (medscape.com)
The brachial plexus is formed by a union of anterior rami of the lower four cervical (C5 through C8) and the first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
The brachial plexus is formed by the anterior rami of the C5-C8 and T1 spinal nerves. (aneskey.com)

A cadaveric study showed that the exit point of the musculocutaneous nerve is typically distal to the coracoid process. (asra.com)
It blocks the brachial plexus below the level of the clavicle close to the coracoid process. (medscape.com)

The brachial plexus starts as the union of the ventral primary rami of cervical nerves 5 through 8 (C5-C8) and the thoracic nerve T1 (Figure 1). (asra.com)

However, the importance of the brachial muscle in elbow flexion was subsequently confirmed and the technique for the transfer of double fascicular nerves to both the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles was introduced 7 ). (thenerve.net)
The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm, including the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis. (mrimaster.com)

The spinal nerves that form the brachial plexus run in an inferior and anterior direction within the sulci formed by these structures. (medscape.com)

A large variety of reconstructive modalities involving nerve grafting, plexus neurolysis, nerve transfers, tendon transfers, muscle releases, neurotizations, and free muscle transplantations have surfaced to treat the deficits. (medscape.com)
Intraplexal nerve transfers are those that are done within the brachial plexus itself. (hss.edu)

In 1978, La Grange described the use of the Doppler probe to identify arteries, which helps to locate the brachial plexus. (medscape.com)

Neurotization of the donor muscle was performed using the musculocutaneous nerve (one case), spinal accessory nerve (12 cases), or multiple intercostal motor nerves (16 cases). (medscape.com)

Anatomic variations in relation to the origin of the musculocutaneous nerve: Absence and non-perforation of the coracobrachialis muscle. (unab.edu.co)
The presence or absence of the musculocutaneous nerve was evaluated and whether it pierced the coracobrachialis muscle or not. (unab.edu.co)
The study showed that our population has similar prevalence of absence of the musculocutaneous nerve and non-perforation of the coracobrachialis muscle compared to previous reports in different populations. (unab.edu.co)
PURPOSE: The current cadaveric case series evaluates the coracobrachialis muscle morphology, the related musculocutaneous nerve origin, course, and branching pattern, as well as associated adjacent neuromuscular variants. (bvsalud.org)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven (24 paired and 3 unpaired) cadaveric arms were dissected to identify the coracobrachialis possible variants with emphasis on the musculocutaneous nerve course and coexisted neural variants. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of the morphology of the muscles of the anterior arm compartment, especially the coracobrachialis variant morphology and the related musculocutaneous nerve variable course, is of paramount importance for surgeons. (bvsalud.org)

Short description: Brachial plexus injury. (icd9data.com)
At the HSS Center for Brachial Plexus and Traumatic Nerve Injury, patients are cared for by a multidisciplinary team with extensive experience in every aspect of their treatment, from diagnosis to long-term follow-up. (hss.edu)
What is a Brachial Plexus Injury? (janiceklaw.com)
A brachial plexus injury is a common birth injury that can completely prevent movement of the arms, hands, or fingers. (janiceklaw.com)
This type of injury occurs when the brachial plexus nerves are partially or completely torn. (janiceklaw.com)
This type of injury occurs when an injured brachial plexus nerve attempts to heal itself by forming scar tissue. (janiceklaw.com)
This is the most severe brachial plexus injury. (janiceklaw.com)
A brachial plexus injury can have devastating effects on both babies and adults. (janiceklaw.com)
Brachial plexus injury is usually sustained in high speed motor bike accidents. (brachialplexustreatment.com)
Erb's Palsy results from injury to the superior part of the brachial plexus - C5 and C6. (pondermed.com)
Superior brachial plexus injury produces the characteristic ' waitor's tip position ' - the arm hangs limply by the side in medial rotation so that the palm faces posteriorly instead of medially. (pondermed.com)

Brachial plexus block is typically performed by an anesthesiologist. (wikipedia.org)

The concept behind all of these approaches to the brachial plexus is the existence of a sheath encompassing the neurovascular bundle extending from the deep cervical fascia to slightly beyond the borders of the axilla. (wikipedia.org)

In addition to restoration of elbow flexion, this double free muscle transfer provides an opportunity for patients with complete brachial plexus avulsions to regain prehension. (medscape.com)

The most important advantage of brachial plexus block is that it allows for the avoidance of general anesthesia and therefore its attendant complications and side effects. (wikipedia.org)
Although brachial plexus block is not without risk, it usually affects fewer organ systems than general anesthesia. (wikipedia.org)
[1] The aim of his approach was to avoid the positioning limitations and sparing of the musculocutaneous nerve associated with the axillary block, while decreasing the chance of pneumothorax inherent with the Labat approach, by aiming the needle laterally. (asra.com)
The point at which the musculocutaneous nerve exits the brachial plexus is important when considering the location at which to block the brachial plexus. (asra.com)

Under the clavicle, the plexus are set up as divisions, as described above. (medscape.com)

Kapral et al expanded that idea with the first described ultrasound imaging of the brachial plexus in the supraclavicular position and the needle insertion under ultrasound guidance. (medscape.com)

Anatomy18

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Humanities1

Information Science1

Anatomy6

Branches9

Cords4

Obstetric brachial plexus palsy1

Infraclavicular9

Axillary nerve2

Avulsion10

Supraclavicular brachial plexus3

Medial cord3

Nerves of the plexus2

Trunks2

Artery4

Ventral rami3

Posterior2

Median Nerve4

Roots2

Injuries7

Shoulder4

Blockade1

Anatomical2

Upper13

Interscalene1

Forearm1

Anterior rami3

Coracoid process2

Thoracic nerve1

Brachialis2

Inferior1

Nerve transfers2

Arteries1

Intercostal1

Coracobrachialis6

Injury11

Typically1

Approaches1

Elbow1

Block4

Divisions1

Ultrasound1