• The diagnosis in 4 of 14 (28.6%) patients was misattributed to deep vein thrombosis due to clinical findings and presentation, associated fluid collection between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles was found in 11 of 14 (78.5%) patients, and isolated fluid collection between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles was seen in 1 patient. (medscape.com)
  • The FDB is made up of small predominantly type IIa and IIx fibers that collectively produce less peak isometric force than the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) or soleus muscles, but demonstrates a greater fatigue resistance than the EDL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles aid in flexion of the foot. (proprofs.com)
  • The two main muscles in the calves, the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, stabilize the ankle. (yourworkoutbook.com)
  • Thirty or sixty days postsurgery, soleus muscles were assessed in vitro for contractile function and susceptibility to eccentric contraction-induced injury. (solomonmnd.com)
  • Muscle architecture is the physical arrangement of muscle fibers at the macroscopic level that determines a muscle's mechanical function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Architecture type is determined by the direction in which the muscle fibers are oriented relative to the force-generating axis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The parallel muscle architecture is found in muscles where the fibers are parallel to the force-generating axis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Strap muscles are shaped like a strap or belt and have fibers that run longitudinally to the contraction direction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fibers in convergent, or triangular muscles converge at one end (typically at a tendon) and spread over a broad area at the other end in a fan-shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • Convergent muscles, such as the pectoralis major in humans, have a weaker pull on the attachment site compared to other parallel fibers due to their broad nature. (wikipedia.org)
  • These muscles are considered versatile because of their ability to change the direction of pull depending on how the fibers are contracting. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is largely due to the different lengths and varying insertion points of the muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike in parallel muscles, fibers in pennate muscles are at an angle to the force-generating axis (pennation angle) and usually insert into a central tendon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since pennate fibers insert at an angle, the anatomical cross-sectional area cannot be used as in parallel fibered muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unipennate muscles are those where the muscle fibers are oriented at one fiber angle to the force-generating axis and are all on the same side of a tendon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Muscles that have fibers on two sides of a tendon are considered bipennate. (wikipedia.org)
  • These muscles, such as the deltoid muscle in the shoulder of humans, have fibers that are oriented at multiple angles along the force-generating axis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Retaining a constant volume enables the fibers to stabilize the muscle's structure that would otherwise require skeletal support. (wikipedia.org)
  • Muscle fibers change the shape of the muscle by contracting along three general lines of action relative to the long axis: parallel, perpendicular and helical. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the muscles on examination appear to be constructed of varying lengths of strips, due to the manner in which the muscle fibers are situated, these muscles are also known as striated muscle. (faqs.org)
  • The muscle fibers that are the substance of each muscle are of similar construction throughout all skeletal muscles. (faqs.org)
  • The speed with which the neurons communicate impulses to the muscle fiber group determine whether the fibers will be a fast-twitch fiber (useful in sports that require, power, strength, and reaction time), or a slow-twitch fiber (best suited to endurance sports). (faqs.org)
  • In fine motor control muscles, such as the eyelid, the neuron may only control a group of 10 muscle fibers or fewer. (faqs.org)
  • In a large muscle such as the quadriceps or the gastrocnemius, each neuron may be connected to as many as 2,000 fibers. (faqs.org)
  • The fibers are made up of myofibrils, filaments that run the length of the muscle fiber. (faqs.org)
  • As the body rests, the muscle fibers attract cells known as myoblasts, which fuse with the existing fiber, causing the muscle fibers to become denser and stronger. (faqs.org)
  • Muscle size is not limitless, and the fibers will not attract unlimited numbers of myoblasts for repair, due to the presence of myostatin in the muscle cells. (faqs.org)
  • In conclusions, 42 h of immobilization markedly impairs glucose clearance of resting red muscle fibers in vivo. (ku.dk)
  • Passive range of motion exercise are non-weight bearing rehabilitation techniques that do not rely on functionally innervated muscle fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Compared to the femoral artery ligation/IR, the tourniquet/IR induced more severe skeletal muscle damage, including muscle necrosis and interruption of muscle fibers. (nebraska.edu)
  • What regulatory proteins can be found in the thin filaments of skeletal muscle fibers? (easynotecards.com)
  • Which of the following types of muscle tissue contract when excited by their own autorhythmic muscle fibers? (easynotecards.com)
  • Which of following is a common characteristic of fast glycolytic (FG) skeletal muscle fibers? (easynotecards.com)
  • Muscle Anatomy Word Search Puzzle Games - Muscle is a tissue composed of fibers that have the ability to contract, and producing movement in the body. (vivekanandagospel.org)
  • The outermost layer, the epimysium, is very echogenic and extends towards the inner part of the muscle until it reaches the perimysium or fibroadipose septum, which is also very echoic and contains connective tissue, fat, vessels and nerves, and divides the fascicle into muscle fibers. (jortho.org)
  • Muscle fibers are formed by myofilaments surrounded by a connective tissue web, the endomysium, which contains capillaries and nerves. (jortho.org)
  • Fibers are arranged either linearly or obliquely until they reach the myotendinous junction (MTJ), an extremely vulnerable area of variable size (in some cases it can be larger than half the muscle length). (jortho.org)
  • the bigger, more frequently used muscles have more fibers than the smaller, lesser used ones. (concordortho.com)
  • When the contraction/relaxation cycles are done repeatedly, as in exercising, the fibers become stronger and the muscles get larger and stronger. (concordortho.com)
  • However, sometimes the muscles, or just a few fibers within the muscle, contract on their own, causing a muscle spasm or cramp . (concordortho.com)
  • When researchers tested the cramping muscles of some athletes, they found rapid repetitive muscle firing , which could be described as the muscle fibers being hyperactive, in a sense. (concordortho.com)
  • One is, how, and to what extent, does the nervous system control protein expression in skeletal muscle fibers? (ucla.edu)
  • Whole muscle, single motor units and single muscle fibers are studied physiologically and biochemically. (ucla.edu)
  • Predict who would likely have a greater proportion of fast glycolytic fibers in their gastrocnemius (calf) muscle-an elite distance runner or an elite sprinter. (pearson.com)
  • Muscle fibers can broadly be divided into 3 muscles types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
  • Likewise, the number of muscle fibers within each of these, as well as the shape of muscles (depending on their function), can also vary greatly. (medscape.com)
  • What remains constant, however, is that the muscle fibers are aligned in the same direction so that individual muscle fibers can work in concert. (medscape.com)
  • When the muscles fibers and the associated tendon are arranged along the same axis, the muscle is termed a parallel muscle. (medscape.com)
  • Bipennate muscles have muscles fibers inserting at an angle on both sides of a central tendon. (medscape.com)
  • Each muscle fascicle represents a group of muscle fibers bound together by a layer of connective tissue termed the perimysium. (medscape.com)
  • Only 60% of the axons in the nerve to a given muscle are motor to the muscle fibers that make up the bulk of the muscle. (medscape.com)
  • The nerve supply branches within the muscle belly, forming a plexus from which groups of axons emerge to supply the muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
  • The axons supply single motor endplates placed about halfway along the muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
  • A motor unit comprises a motor neuron in the spinal cord or brainstem together with the squad of muscle fibers it innervates. (medscape.com)
  • In large muscles (eg, the flexors of the hip or knee), each motor unit contains 1200 or more muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
  • In small muscles (eg, the intrinsic muscles of the hand), each unit contains 12 or fewer muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
  • Muscle fibers are long and cylindrical in shape. (medscape.com)
  • Muscular hydrostats are typically supported by a membrane of connective tissue which holds the volume constant. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, recent research points towards a strong involvement of the connective tissue. (mdpi.com)
  • The muscle will taper at its opposite end into a more slender connective tissue, the muscle tendon, to the connection with the bone, the point of insertion. (faqs.org)
  • with the surrounding connective tissue not being damage until high forces are applied (Hasselman, et al. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • 1995). The contractile elements are relative stiff in comparison to the surrounding connective tissue and hence become disrupted at lower forces than the surrounding connective tissue. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The continuous narrow band of connective tissue lining the front inner surface of the entire vertebral canal. (montserrat-flights.com)
  • Key Difference Between Tendons and Ligaments Following are the key differences between tendons and the ligaments: Tendon connects muscles to bone, and are present at the end of skeletal muscles and are made of white fibrous connective tissue, whereas ligaments connect one bone to another bone, so â ¦ Collagen fibers are formed together in parallel bundles that lie along the functional axis of the ligament. (montserrat-flights.com)
  • A sheet or band of tough, inelastic, fibrous connective tissue.Around joints, ligaments form a cuff or 'capsule', along with additional strengthening bands outside it (e.g. (montserrat-flights.com)
  • In many areas of the body, strong, fibrous connective tissues called ligaments stabilize joints. (montserrat-flights.com)
  • This is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle. (easynotecards.com)
  • Which of the following types of joints lacks a joint cavity and is held together by a fibrous connective tissue? (easynotecards.com)
  • A fascia is a fibrous structure that is formed from sheets of connective tissue. (yogauonline.com)
  • Muscles are surrounded by a 3-layer dense connective tissue (6, 7). (jortho.org)
  • Gross inspection of a skeletal muscle reveals collections of muscle fascicles surrounded by a layer connective tissue termed the epimysium. (medscape.com)
  • Another layer of connective tissue, termed the endomysium, surrounds each individual myofiber. (medscape.com)
  • The biceps and triceps muscles of the upper arm are an extensor/flexor pair for the elbow joint, as are the quadriceps (extensor) and the hamstrings (flexor) in the movements of the knee. (faqs.org)
  • Strains most commonly occur in muscles working across two joints e.g. hamstrings, gastrocnemius (Jarvinen et al. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The plantar aponeurosis also forms a myofascial connection with the muscles of the calf (gastrocnemius and soleus) via the Achilles' tendon and, by extension, the hamstrings (and potentially other muscles of the posterior kinetic chain). (yogauonline.com)
  • Risk factors for developing plantar fasciitis include tight calf muscles and hamstrings, endurance-type weight bearing activity (such as running) and a high body mass index. (yogauonline.com)
  • Since one of the most important aspects of managing this condition is stretching of the plantar fascia, heel cords (gastrocnemius/soleus complex) and hamstrings, yoga offers an ancient preventative solution. (yogauonline.com)
  • The hamstrings are a collection of three muscles located on the back of the thigh, including the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. (yourworkoutbook.com)
  • The stapedius in the middle ear of humans, as well as the rectus femoris of the quadriceps are examples of bipennate muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • it is less effective in larger muscles (eg, quadriceps). (medscape.com)
  • Muscles commonly used for functional and mechanistic experiments include the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior (TA), and/or the quadriceps. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once they find words such as deltoid, trapezius, quadriceps, and soleus, students will have a better understanding of muscle anatomy. (vivekanandagospel.org)
  • This sensation is usually a pseudo-giving way due to what is coined the "quadriceps inhibitory reflex" or a neuromuscular inhibition that occurs secondary to pain, muscle weakness, patellar instability or joint instability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The quadriceps is a group of muscles located at the front of the thigh, made up of four muscles: the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. (yourworkoutbook.com)
  • During the first phase of the cycling motion, where the foot goes from 12 o'clock to 3 o'clock, the quadriceps are the primary muscles used on the stationary bike 2 . (yourworkoutbook.com)
  • The quadriceps are effectively knee extensors, and these type of muscles are responsible for 39% of the "positive mechanical work" on a stationary bike 3 . (yourworkoutbook.com)
  • Like the quadriceps, the hamstring muscle are used to extend the knee and hip joints. (yourworkoutbook.com)
  • Using nerve stimulation (80 Hz, 0.2 ms pulse duration, 6.5 +/- 0.4 V), stretches (30) were imposed on isometric contractions (stimulation time 0.9 seconds) by ankle rotation from 90 degrees to 40 degrees (velocity = 600 s-1) in female Sprague Dawley rats (3-5 mo). (cdc.gov)
  • Isometric contractions (90 degrees) with 40-s rest times served as controls. (cdc.gov)
  • These muscles each offer unique advantages across a host of methodologies including measuring isometric force production, susceptibility to muscle injury, mitochondrial respiration, protein content, and histology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These examinations are usually carried out by performing isometric contractions and muscle relaxations. (jortho.org)
  • A medial calf injury is a musculotendinous disruption of varying degrees in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle that results from an acute, forceful push-off with the foot. (medscape.com)
  • The medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle originates from the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle, and as it courses distally, the medial head merges with the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. (medscape.com)
  • The main site of injury is the musculotendinous junction of the hamstring, rectus femoris and medial head of the gastrocnemius. (aspetar.com)
  • Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is used only to power the contractions of the heart. (faqs.org)
  • Cardiac muscles are controlled through the function of the autonomic nervous system, the aspect of human function regulated by the hypothalamus region of the brain. (faqs.org)
  • Total nucleic acids were retrospectively extracted from lar mechanisms related to the switch from the acute to the flash-frozen cardiac tissues by using NucliSens easyMAG persistent CV-B infection in human cardiac tissue are still instrument protocols (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) unknown, but they could be related to terminal deletions according to the manufacturer's instructions. (cdc.gov)
  • Which of the following microscopic structures is only found in the cardiac muscle tissue? (easynotecards.com)
  • The muscles in your heart are called involuntary cardiac muscles. (concordortho.com)
  • Titin is a giant scaffold protein with multiple functions in striated muscle physiology. (frontiersin.org)
  • This is also the location of the Physioex Skeletal Muscle Physiology exercise. (msudenver.edu)
  • Integrated hardware, software, and curriculum systems allow students to record data from their own bodies, animal, or tissue preps to learn principles of life science physiology. (biopac.com)
  • This summary discusses the basic anatomy of skeletal muscle, key features of skeletal muscle histology and physiology, and important presentations of muscular disease. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we review the available evidence regarding the effects of VLCD on lean mass and explore their utility and strategies to mitigate reductions in skeletal muscle. (biomed.news)
  • Thus, obesity and symptomology of metabolic dysfunction may occur before reductions in skeletal muscle HSP expression. (lidsen.com)
  • Indirect Structural Muscle Injuries" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/14573 (accessed December 03, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The line of action in this muscle type runs in a straight line between the attachment points which are often tendons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The deep fascia covers and invests muscles, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels throughout the body. (yogauonline.com)
  • These muscles are attached to bones by tendons , a sinewy type of tissue. (concordortho.com)
  • There are several classifications of muscle injuries, such as the Munich Muscle Injury Classification, the ISMuLT (Italian Society of Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons) classification, and the British Athletic Classification, that, if used extensively, could improve diagnosis, prognosis and management of muscle injuries [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Ultrasound imaging is a valuable tool in exercise and sport science research, and has been used to visualize and track real-time movement of muscles and tendons, estimate hydration status in body tissues, and most recently, quantify skeletal muscle glycogen content. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In exercise and sport science research, ultrasound imaging is used for a wide variety of applications including evaluation of the cardiovascular status of athletes, musculoskeletal pathology diagnosis and therapeutic interventions, and to visualize and track real-time movement of muscles and tendons [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some muscles insert on their respective tendons at an oblique angle. (medscape.com)
  • Architectural, functional and molecular responses to concentric and eccentric loading in human skeletal muscle. (upsi.edu.my)
  • The Peroneus muscle is responsible for eversion of the foot, the Soleus muscle is involved in plantar flexion of the foot, and the Tibialis Anterior muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot. (proprofs.com)
  • The main function of the gastrocnemius muscle is to plantar flex the ankle, but it also provides some knee flexion, as well as contributes to the posterior stability of the knee and partially to the motion of the menisci with flexion/extension of the knee. (medscape.com)
  • The medial calf injury usually occurs when an eccentric force is applied to the gastrocnemius muscle, which usually happens when the knee is extended, the ankle is dorsiflexed, and the gastrocnemius attempts to contract in the already lengthened state. (medscape.com)
  • This muscle is located on the outer side of the lower leg and plays a crucial role in stabilizing the ankle joint during walking, running, and other weight-bearing activities. (proprofs.com)
  • The calves are a group of muscles on the back of the lower leg, running from the knee to the ankle. (yourworkoutbook.com)
  • The lateral gastrocnemius is an example of this muscle architecture. (wikipedia.org)
  • a deep lamina that fused with the aponeurosis of transverses abdominis at the lateral border of rectus abdominis and a superficial lamina that fused with aponeurosis of external oblique abdominis mid-way between the medial and lateral borders of rectus abdominis muscle. (scielo.cl)
  • En todos los casos, la aponeurosis del músculo oblicuo interno del abdomen se dividió en dos láminas, una lámina profunda que se fusionaba con la aponeurosis del músculo transverso del abdomen en el borde lateral del músculo recto del abdomen y una lámina superficial que se fusionaba con la aponeurosis del músculo oblicuo externo del abdomen a mitad del recorrido entre los bordes medial y lateral del músculo recto del abdomen. (scielo.cl)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, is a disease of the nerve cells in the brain, brain stem and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movemen. (adam.com)
  • A longitudinal ultrasound examination clearly reveals the insertion of the semitendinosus muscle (medial area), of the semimembranosus muscle (lateral area) and of the large portion of the biceps femoris (lateral and posterior area). (jortho.org)
  • Electromyography (EMG) is a test that checks the health of the muscles and the nerves that control the muscles. (adam.com)
  • Which of the labeled structures on the diagram holds muscles with similar functions together, allows free movement of muscles, carries nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and fills spaces between muscles? (easynotecards.com)
  • In gross anatomy, the nerves to skeletal muscles are branches of mixed peripheral nerves. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] The investigators suggested ultrasonography and MRI can be used to correctly diagnose patients with medial gastrocnemius injuries. (medscape.com)
  • During tourniquet-related ischemia, aerobic respiration stops, and ATP is depleted, and during subsequent reperfusion, there is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and other endogenous substances, which leads to acute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries, including tissue necrosis and skeletal muscle contractile dysfunction. (nebraska.edu)
  • Strain injuries occur when muscle fibres cannot withstand excessive tensile forces placed on them and are therefore generally associated with eccentric muscle action (Mair et al. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Injuries to the muscle belly only occur with the application of very high forces. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries occur due to orthopaedic trauma or the surgical removal of skeletal muscle and result in debilitating long-term functional deficits. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To better define acute muscle strain injuries, an imaging (MRI or ultrasound [US]) classification can be used, which considers the anatomical site, pattern and severity of the lesion in the acute stage. (aspetar.com)
  • In this article we describe a state of the art method for the treatment of acute muscle injuries, specifically acute strains. (aspetar.com)
  • In recent years, sonography has become a very useful tool in the study of locomotor system injuries, particularly in soft tissues, because it is here that muscle overloading pathologies usually occur (1). (jortho.org)
  • With the development of new techniques used in sonography, such as tissue harmonic imaging, side-view imaging or compound techniques, panoramic examination or 3D study (2, 3), together with the use of high-frequency probes, ultrasonography has become an ever more useful tool to evaluate musculoskeletal injuries (4). (jortho.org)
  • The possibility of implementing dynamic studies when examining muscle injuries allows accurate diagnosis of minor injuries which might otherwise remain undetected when the structures involved are not in movement. (jortho.org)
  • Palermi, S. Indirect Structural Muscle Injuries. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Indirect structural muscle injuries (commonly referred as "muscle tears") are the more commonly found in everyday clinical practice and represent the biggest challenge in rehabilitation, since these lack a precise therapeutic strategy. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Structural muscle injuries classification is shown in. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In subjects affected by muscle injuries, the diagnostic and rehabilitative approach relies on several factors, such as age, gender, athletic demands, muscular groups involved and type of injury. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In a real-life scenario, the indirect structural muscle injuries represent the most common type of muscle injuries, and some muscle groups of lower limb are affected predominantly. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • While direct muscle injuries are often the result of external forces, indirect muscle injuries are stretch-induced injuries caused by a sudden forced lengthening over the viscoelastic limits of muscles occurring during a powerful contraction [ 1 ] [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
  • Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
  • Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)
  • The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. (karger.com)
  • We studied whether an impaired glucose clearance is present in vivo in 42-h immobilized muscles of resting rats and, furthermore, whether the exercise-induced increase in glucose clearance of red muscles is affected by prior immobilization. (ku.dk)
  • At rest, glucose clearance was markedly impaired in rats with previously immobilized red muscles compared with nonimmobilized control rats (red gastrocnemius 0.46 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.08 and soleus 1.10 +/- 0.30 vs. 3.97 +/- 0.54 ml.min-1.100 g-1, P less than 0.005). (ku.dk)
  • During running (18 m/min), glucose clearance did not differ between muscles in previously immobilized and control rats. (ku.dk)
  • We documented 1) how exogenous GSH and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may affect exhaustive exercise-induced changes in tissue GSH status, lipid peroxides [thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)], and endurance and 2) the relative role of endogenous GSH in the circumvention of exercise-induced oxidative stress by using GSH-deficient [L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO)-treated] rats. (garymoller.com)
  • A comparison of biomechanical and biochemical markers of muscle soleus and muscle gastrocnemius fatigue in rats for two days after 5 days of using antioxidant C60 fullerene (daily dose was 1 mg·kg-1) was performed. (kiev.ua)
  • Collectively, estradiol had a beneficial effect on female mouse skeletal muscle. (solomonmnd.com)
  • Forces that stretch the plantar fascia are distributed along these muscles. (yogauonline.com)
  • Conversely, tightness in these muscles can adversely affect the function of the plantar fascia and thus the arch of the foot. (yogauonline.com)
  • In this condition the forces of gait are concentrated where the plantar fascia attaches to the calcaneus, instead of being distributed over the fascia and the muscles at the back of the legs. (yogauonline.com)
  • Force production and gearing vary depending on the different muscle parameters such as muscle length, fiber length, pennation angle, and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically, convergent muscles experience varying degrees of fiber strain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The contraction of each muscle fiber bundle is controlled through the nerve impulses directed into the fiber bundle by a neuron, a type of electrical relay that is connected to the larger nervous system. (faqs.org)
  • Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is an ion channelopathy of skeletal muscle characterized by attacks of muscle weakness associated with low serum K + . HypoPP results from a transient failure of muscle fiber excitability. (jci.org)
  • Muscle twitching is caused by minor muscle contractions in the area, or uncontrollable twitching of a muscle group that is served by a single motor nerve fiber. (adam.com)
  • Skeletal muscle provides distinct experimental challenges due to inherent differences across muscle groups, including fiber type and size that may limit experimental approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Skeletal muscle contraction will continue to occur as long as the following chemicals are available in the cytosol of the muscle fiber. (easynotecards.com)
  • This is the least powerful type of skeletal muscle fiber. (easynotecards.com)
  • Muscle fiber cross-sectional area declines rapidly in strength and sprint athletes, and in recently endurance-trained subjects, whereas it may increase slightly in endurance athletes. (lww.com)
  • Five months earlier the player had suffered an indirect-type acute muscle fiber injury (15, 16) in the biceps femoris muscle of his right thigh. (jortho.org)
  • Transitions of muscle fiber phenotypic profiles. (kiev.ua)
  • The muscle fiber type-fiber size paradox: hypertrophy or oxidative metabolism? (kiev.ua)
  • The results show also that the neural influence that is associated with muscle fiber types is probably not mediated via the amount or pattern of activity of the motor units. (ucla.edu)
  • This article mainly focuses on the end organ of this complex interaction, the muscle fiber (myofiber). (medscape.com)
  • The reactions occur very quickly, and a muscle can be restored to its rest position after the activity generated by an impulse in approximately one millisecond. (faqs.org)
  • For this to occur, the muscle fibre is stimulated by a nerve impulse creating an action potential across the sarcolemma. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Muscle strains occur most often at the musculotendinous junction as a consequence of indirect trauma. (aspetar.com)
  • In this case, muscle strains, which are very common in sprinters and jumpers such as high jumpers, long jumpers, sprinters, long distance runners and tennis players, occur because of an indirect trauma and application of excessive tensile forces 6 . (aspetar.com)
  • There are several reasons why muscle cramps may occur, including the most common one that is seen in both professional and weekend athletes. (concordortho.com)
  • Muscle cramps can also occur as a side effect of medications. (concordortho.com)
  • Word Search: Muscle System 1 of 2 Find the muscle system-theme words from "carbohydrates" to "triceps" in this rectangular word search. (vivekanandagospel.org)
  • Eccentric contraction is the typical mechanism of injury, in which great tensions are developed and the muscle is susceptible to being injured 3 . (aspetar.com)
  • active lesions result from eccentric overloading to the muscle 5 . (aspetar.com)
  • Behavior of fascicles and the myotendinous junction of human medial gastrocnemius following eccentric strength training. (upsi.edu.my)
  • The anterior wall of the rectus sheath in all cases was aponeurotic and firmly attached to rectus abdominis muscle. (scielo.cl)
  • 1998). This sheath has two walls, anterior and posterior, that enclose rectus abdominis muscle and its neurovascular bundle. (scielo.cl)
  • This is the case of the rectus femoris, the semitendinous muscle, the biceps femoris and the gastrocnemius muscles (10, 11, 12). (jortho.org)
  • A well-known example of a bipennate muscle is the rectus femoris. (medscape.com)
  • Definition of acute muscle injury: What have we learnt? (aspetar.com)
  • Home » Articles » Definition of acute muscle injury: What have we learnt? (aspetar.com)
  • At the end of the experiments, plasmatic and gastrocnemius samples from all groups were obtained for the assessment of lipid peroxidation and creatine kinase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adult male mice underwent an ~ 20% multi-muscle VML injury to the posterior compartment (gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscle) unilaterally and were randomized to rehabilitation paradigm twice per week beginning 2 days post-injury or no treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies on ratfish have looked at the strain on these muscles that have a twisted tendon. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been found that strain becomes uniform over the face of a convergent muscle with the presence of a twisted tendon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Classical reverse transcription PCR sequencing of the enabling a retrospective analysis of EV 5 NCR of virus viral protein 2 puff region enabled us to perform a genotypic populations detected in heart tissue biopsies from a patient identification of an original CV-B3 strain (GenBank acces- with idiopathic DCM (IDCM). (cdc.gov)
  • This kind of muscle strain normally affects the superficial muscles which work in two articulations. (jortho.org)
  • Protein-interactions e.g., with muscle ankyrin repeat proteins or muscle LIM-protein link titin to hypertrophic signaling and via p62 and Muscle Ring Finger proteins to mechanisms that control protein quality control. (frontiersin.org)
  • It has been shown that muscle protein synthetic rate (MPS) is elevated in humans by 50% at 4 hrs following a bout of heavy resistance training, and by 109% at 24 hrs following training. (researchgate.net)
  • This study further examined the time course for elevated muscle protein synthesis by examining its rate at 36 hrs following a training session. (researchgate.net)
  • Each muscle fibre contains a large number of myofibrils, which are the contractile elements of the muscle and consist of protein myofilaments. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Mechanistically driven research often utilizes DNA manipulation to alter protein expression in skeletal muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, priority needs to be given to resistance exercise training, and secondarily to adequate protein intake should be part of this dietary regime to mitigate losing muscle mass. (biomed.news)
  • Poor dietary habits can lead to obesity and insulin resistance-both of which can impair basal heat shock protein (HSP) expression and the HSP stress response in skeletal muscle. (lidsen.com)
  • Total protein and contractile protein contents were quantified, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to determine myosin structural distribution during contraction. (solomonmnd.com)
  • Almost all joints in the body are comprised of muscles that operate in pairs: one muscle acts as an extensor, to extend or straighten the joint, and the other muscle in the pair acts as a flexor, to facilitate the bending of the joint. (faqs.org)
  • We analyzed gastrocnemius muscle morphology and contractile function and measured the levels of ATP and ROS accumulation in the muscles. (nebraska.edu)
  • These data suggest that one hour of HBO pretreatment with 100% oxygen at 2.5 ATA increases the antioxidant response to lower ROS accumulation but does not increase ATP levels in IR muscles and improve tourniquet/IR-injured muscle morphology and contractile function. (nebraska.edu)
  • Furthermore, biochemical (i.e., collagen content) and gene (i.e., gene arrays) assays suggest that functional adaptations may reflect changes in the biomechanical properties of the remaining tissue due to the cellular deposition of non-contractile tissue in the void left by the VML injury and/or differentiation of gene expression with early rehabilitation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With no current surgical or rehabilitative standard of care to address the soft tissue loss, VML injures are left to follow the natural sequela of injury that ultimately results in the replacement of contractile skeletal muscle with non-contractile pathologic fibrotic tissue [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of ovarian hormone removal on force-generating capacities and contractile proteins in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of mature female mice. (solomonmnd.com)
  • In vitro contractile function of soleus and EDL muscles were determined 60 days postsurgery. (solomonmnd.com)
  • It is at the level of the myofiber where the basic contractile element of muscle, the sarcomere, is found. (medscape.com)
  • Its central position in the sarcomere and the tight association to myosin are the basis for titin's role in maintaining the structural integrity of the sarcomere during the relaxation-contraction cycle. (frontiersin.org)
  • These are actin (thin filament, isotropic, I bands) and myosin (dark filament, anisotropic, A bands) and it is these bands that give muscle its striated appearance. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • In a resting muscle the actin filaments overlap the myosin to a certain extent. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • A crossbridge is then formed between actin and myosin, resulting in a contraction cycle powered by ATP. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Skeletal muscle contractility and myosin function decline following ovariectomy in mature female mice. (solomonmnd.com)
  • Myosin structural dynamics was analyzed in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. (solomonmnd.com)
  • P = 0.044), indicating that circulating estradiol influenced muscle and myosin function. (solomonmnd.com)
  • These results indicate that the loss of ovarian hormones has detrimental effects on skeletal muscle force-generating capacities that can be explained by altered actin-myosin interactions. (solomonmnd.com)
  • Differential splicing of the titin gene results in numerous species- and muscle-specific titin isoforms. (frontiersin.org)
  • The operation of the nervous system and its relation to the skeletal muscular system is sometimes referred to as the neuromuscular system. (faqs.org)
  • Most of the skeletal muscular system is arranged into groups of agonists and antagonist muscles that work in concert to provide efficient and controlled motion. (medscape.com)
  • Primary MuSCs isolated from individual skeletal muscles (gastrocnemius and masseter) are lysed, and their RNA is reverse-transcribed into cDNA and copied into double-stranded DNA. (biomed.news)
  • All skeletal muscles are positioned relative to the bone in a similar fashion no matter where in the body they may be positioned, irrespective of the muscle function. (faqs.org)
  • The prime place of attachment between a skeletal muscle and the adjacent bone is the point of origin for the muscle. (faqs.org)
  • Imbalances between the strength of the skeletal muscle, the laxity or otherwise in the tendon, and the connection to the bone surface are common causes of muscle injury in athletes. (faqs.org)
  • In this study, we used a bio-inert bisphosphonate (BP) moiety to chemically engineer NELL-PEG into BP-NELL-PEG and specifically target bone tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prolonged usage of water-soluble C60 fullerene helps to reduce oxidative processes by 30-40% in fast and by 21-25% in slow muscles by maintaining a balance between prooxidants and antioxidant defense system. (kiev.ua)
  • A comparative analysis of oxidative stress markers and indicators of the state of antioxidant defense systems in fast and slow muscles showed that the residual therapeutic effect of water-soluble C60 fullerene after long-term use is 30-40% higher in muscle soleus than in muscle gastrocnemius. (kiev.ua)
  • However, other studies suggest that chronic exercise may cause depletion of antioxidants, which may increase exercise-induced oxidative stress and tissue damage if combined with diminished ingestion of antioxidants [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One study (Srinivasan et al, 2006) took a group of recreational cyclists and found muscle activation in the trapezius and biceps to be very mild compared to the muscle recruitment occurring in the lower body. (yourworkoutbook.com)
  • Cylindrical muscles typically have greater mass at the center of the muscle, leading to a central body or muscle belly (eg, biceps brachii). (medscape.com)
  • The long head originates in the medial facet of ischial tuberosity via a tendon shared with the semitendinosus muscle, whereas the short head emerges from the femur linea aspera. (jortho.org)
  • Which muscle flexes the knee and foot? (proprofs.com)
  • The Gastrocnemius muscle is responsible for flexing the knee and foot. (proprofs.com)
  • When this muscle contracts, it helps to bend the knee joint and point the foot downward, allowing for movements like walking, running, and jumping. (proprofs.com)
  • The influence of loading intensity on muscle-tendon unit behavior during maximal knee extensor stretch shortening cycle exercise. (upsi.edu.my)
  • This action puts maximal tension on the gastrocnemius muscle as the lengthened muscle is contracted at the "push off," resulting in a medial calf injury. (medscape.com)
  • An unusual presentation of a medial gastrocnemius injury during namaz praying was reported by Yilmaz et al, who performed a retrospective study of the sonographic and magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings of patients referred over 7 years with leg pain and swelling. (medscape.com)
  • When the muscle is strained the initial injury is usually associated with disruption of the distal myotendinous junction and fibres distal to this but still near the myotendinous junction. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Within 15 minutes of injury the damaged tissue consists of disrupted extracellular tissue and dead cells, platelets and plasma, which themselves release powerful enzymes such as thrombin thereby setting off an inflammatory cascade (Schiaffino and Partridge 2008). (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Due to its anatomical location, the FDB can be used in cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury protocols and is amenable to electroporation of cDNA with a high degree of efficiency allowing for an effective means of genetic manipulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate early rehabilitation paradigms of passive range of motion and electrical stimulation in isolation or combination to understand the genetic and functional response in the tissue remaining after a multi-muscle VML injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two-joint muscles, muscles contracting eccentrically and with a higher percentage of type II fibres are most predisposed to injury. (aspetar.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The use of ultrasound and electromyography to dynamically evaluate the bioelectrical and morphological profile of muscle while performing exercises similar to those which provoked an injury has proved efficient. (jortho.org)
  • However, during aging, extensive injury, or pathological conditions, the complete regenerative program is severely affected, with a progressive loss of muscle mass and function, a condition known as sarcopenia. (biomed.news)
  • For example, muscle stem cells (MuSCs), located beneath the basal lamina, exist in the quiescent state but can transition to an activated, proliferative state upon injury. (biomed.news)
  • moreover, several commercial physical or instrumental therapies are becoming increasingly used for muscle injury treatment and rehabilitation, even if scientific evidence about their use are discordant [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • All these classifications are based on some common criteria such as mechanism of injury (direct or indirect) and degree of lesion of muscle tissue (structural or non structural). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Foot Ligaments The strong flexible bands of tissues that perform a significant job of connecting bones are called Ligaments. (montserrat-flights.com)
  • Which two muscles in the leg aid in flexion of the foot? (proprofs.com)
  • Both muscles work together to help lift the heel off the ground and point the toes downward, allowing for flexion of the foot. (proprofs.com)
  • These data support the use of the MuscleSound® system for accurately and non-invasively estimating exercise-induced decreases in vastus lateralis skeletal muscle glycogen content. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Defining the mechanisms that regulate the development of skeletal muscle dysfunction is critical for designing therapeutic interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If a man has low testosterone or hypogonadism, he may experience: Reduced sex drive erectile dysfunction low sperm count enlarged or swollen breast tissue. (azseasonsmagazines.com)
  • Further distally, the joined heads of the gastrocnemius merge with the soleus muscle-tendon complex to form the Achilles tendon. (medscape.com)
  • The gastrocnemius is a large calf muscle that connects to the Achilles tendon, while the soleus is a smaller muscle located beneath the gastrocnemius. (proprofs.com)
  • Herniation of muscle through fascial planes can also mimic a tumor. (radiologykey.com)
  • Figure 1 illustrates the deep fascial elements of skeletal muscles. (yogauonline.com)
  • Oedema and haemorrhage of the muscle or musculotendinous junction (MTJ) may extend between muscle groups along the fascial planes. (aspetar.com)
  • The influence of external loading and speed of movement on muscle-tendon unit behaviour and its implications for training. (upsi.edu.my)
  • Influence of muscle-tendon unit structure on rate of force development during the squat, countermovement, and drop jumps. (upsi.edu.my)
  • Muscles can also be classified according to their relationship with a tendon. (medscape.com)
  • Some muscles are spread out over a large area and converge on a relatively small tendon, appropriately termed convergent muscles (eg, pectoralis muscles of the chest). (medscape.com)
  • Unipennate muscles insert on only one side of the tendon. (medscape.com)
  • La pared posterior de la vaina del músculo recto era aponeurótica en 71 (88,5%) casos, las paredes restantes eran musculoaponeuróticas y sólo se observaron en varones. (scielo.cl)
  • Instead, the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) must be used for pennate muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal muscle tissue is no exception to this rule and also readjusts to the reduced physiological stressors during periods of reduced training stimuli or complete training cessation (6,8,9,14,22,30,48,52,54) . (lww.com)
  • Skeletal muscle is characterized by a remarkable capacity to rearrange after physiological changes and efficiently regenerate. (biomed.news)
  • Originally discovered as axon guidance factors, they have been implicated in cancer progression, embryonal organogenesis, skeletal muscle innervation, and other physiological and developmental functions in different tissues. (biomed.news)
  • These analyses consist of enzyme activities of single muscle or neural cells, cell morphology, the kinds of proteins synthesized, the modulations of the mRNA's of specific myonuclei as well as the physiological properties of the nerve and muscle cells. (ucla.edu)
  • [ 7 ] Of 543 patients, 14 had a final diagnosis of medial gastrocnemius rupture that occurred during namaz praying. (medscape.com)
  • During strenuous muscle stretching exercises, the muscles undergo strong traction forces which overload the muscle fibrils and occasionally provoke a rupture near the MTJ (9). (jortho.org)
  • Fascicle length, pennation angle, lengthening and shortening velocity of their vastus lateralis muscle were analysed using ultrasonography method. (upsi.edu.my)
  • In vivo behavior of vastus lateralis muscle during dynamic performances. (upsi.edu.my)
  • Comparison of force-velocity relationships of vastus lateralis muscle in isokinetic and in stretch‐shortening cycle exercises. (upsi.edu.my)
  • MuscleSound® change scores acquired from an average of three ultrasound scans at the vastus lateralis site correlated significantly with change in vastus lateralis muscle glycogen content. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First, we characterized the FDB phenotype and provide reference comparisons to skeletal muscles commonly used in the field. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a novel approach, we also demonstrate methods for assessing mitochondrial respiration in the FDB, which are comparable to the commonly used gastrocnemius muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic commonly used to name skeletal muscles? (easynotecards.com)
  • When it comes to muscle cramps, the most commonly affected muscles are the muscles of your upper arms, the muscles behind your thighs, and the muscles in the front of your thighs. (concordortho.com)
  • The Extensor Digitorum Longus muscle is responsible for extending the toes. (proprofs.com)
  • The two muscles responsible for extension of the toes are the Extensor Hallucis and the Extensor Digitorum Longus. (proprofs.com)
  • Many symptoms that are common in people with HSP are not caused directly by HSP but are instead caused indirectly by muscle spasticity, weakness, or hyperactive reflexes. (medscape.com)
  • As previously mentioned, antispastic drugs may help the patient to reduce the spasticity and may allow weakened muscles to be targeted in order to improve the effectiveness of PT. (medscape.com)
  • However, one of the drawbacks of using these agents is that some patients find that the stiffness of spasticity helps them to overcome the muscle weakness that occurs in HSP. (medscape.com)
  • A single oral dose of 8mg reduces muscle tone in patients with spasticity for several hours. (medscape.com)
  • dianabol is an anabolic steroid once used by bodybuilders and athletes in order to get bulkier muscles. (azseasonsmagazines.com)
  • some bodybuilders and athletes use anabolic steroids to build muscles and improve athletic performance. (azseasonsmagazines.com)
  • Scientists, trainers, and athletes alike have wondered about the extent to which muscle structure and function contribute to success in athletes such as Radcliffe. (pearson.com)
  • Are their muscles somehow different from those of less successful athletes and non-athletes? (pearson.com)
  • the findings show that mice that had been exposed to anabolic steroids for two weeks still experienced rapid muscle growth even three months. (azseasonsmagazines.com)
  • Both anatomy variations and muscle herniations can be depicted with ultrasound, where the suspicious mass is identified as having the same ultrasound appearance as normal muscular tissue. (radiologykey.com)
  • Exercise 9: Read in preparation of skeletal anatomy. (msudenver.edu)
  • HBO pretreatment did not improve tourniquet/IR-injured gastrocnemius muscle morphology and muscle contraction. (nebraska.edu)
  • Tourniquet/IR mice with HBO pretreatment showed no increase in ATP levels in IR tissues, but they did have a decreased amount of ROS accumulation in the muscles, compared to IR mice with no HBO pretreatment. (nebraska.edu)
  • Moreover, tourniquet/IR caused significant tissue edema and dilation of lymphatic vessels in the hindlimb, compared to femoral artery ligation/IR. (nebraska.edu)
  • The ability to assess skeletal muscle function and delineate regulatory mechanisms is essential to uncovering therapeutic approaches that preserve functional independence in a disease state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collectively this work provides evidence of genetic and functional plasticity in the remaining skeletal muscle with early rehabilitation approaches, which may facilitate future evidenced-based practice of early rehabilitation at the clinical level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Skeletal muscle is characterized by its ability to dynamically adapt to variable levels of functional demands. (lww.com)
  • Skeletal muscle tissue has an extraordinary plasticity and is therefore able to adapt to variable states of functional demands, neuromuscular activity, and hormonal signals by reversibly changing its functional characteristics and structural composition (17,25,34,44) . (lww.com)
  • Clinical and functional assessment shows muscle strength and high speed/high resistance athletic activities are impaired with marked loss of muscle function. (aspetar.com)
  • Motor points have been identified for all major muscle groups for the purpose of functional electrical stimulation by physical therapists, in order to increase muscle power. (medscape.com)
  • There are several different muscle architecture types including: parallel, pennate and hydrostats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parallel and pennate (also known as pinnate) are two main types of muscle architecture. (wikipedia.org)
  • The force produced by pennate muscles is greater than the force produced by parallel muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pennate muscles can be further divided into uni-, bi- or multipennate. (wikipedia.org)
  • These muscles all contain a relatively high percentage of type II fibres, are arranged in a pennate muscle architecture and cross two joints. (aspetar.com)
  • When nerve impulses are communicated to the muscle, a complex series of electrochemical reactions convert the impulse into a muscle contraction. (faqs.org)
  • Botulinum toxin binds to receptor sites on motor nerve terminals and inhibits the release of acetylcholine, which in turn inhibits the transmission of impulses in neuromuscular tissue. (medscape.com)
  • In particular, in skeletal muscle, specific semaphorin molecules are involved in the restoration and remodeling of the nerve-muscle connections, thus emphasizing their plausible role to ensure the success of muscle regeneration. (biomed.news)
  • In our experiments we also study cell and tissue properties (nerve and muscle) that are important in generating the behavioral characteristics observed. (ucla.edu)
  • Muscle & Nerve, 39(6), 819-827. (upsi.edu.my)