• ABC transporters are membrane proteins that transport various substances from one side of the cell membrane to the other. (nanowerk.com)
  • To solve this problem, the cell membrane contains proteins that are selective for unique, water soluble molecules. (wikibooks.org)
  • TGen is conducting mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins and metabolites at work in MyCardia's healing effect on heart-muscle tissue. (tgen.org)
  • Over time, the MyCardia membrane secretes proteins and metabolites, collectively called the secretome, which helps enable the heart to heal itself. (tgen.org)
  • All organisms need some proteins, whether they are used in muscles or as simple structures in the cell membrane. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Muscles, ligaments, tendons, lymphatic fluids, glands, and the brain are all made mostly of proteins so it is easy to see why amino acids are essential to human life. (selfgrowth.com)
  • One end is specialized for linking to the muscle interior, and the other end for linking to a variety of proteins at the cell membrane. (mda.org)
  • This was the start of Dulhunty's work to discover the significance of these proteins in muscle. (the-scientist.com)
  • Within this reticulum , we find proteins associated with mitochondrial proton-motive force production preferentially in the cell periphery and proteins that use the proton-motive force for ATP production in the cell interior near contractile and transport ATPases . (evolutionnews.org)
  • I work with membrane proteins which act as channels to allow ions to pass through the essentially impenetrable cell membranes. (cmu.edu)
  • They do this via special molecules that they construct called membrane proteins which sit within the membrane and allow small molecules to pass through them. (cmu.edu)
  • Because people with SMAs don't make enough SMN proteins, some of their muscles (like the ones that help us move, breathe, and swallow), don't work correctly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in genes that make important muscle proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If, in the process of myofiber contraction, the plasma membrane experiences anything out of sync or overly stressful, it develops a tear that needs to be quickly sealed. (childrensnational.org)
  • This thin layer helps provide an appropriate chemical environment for the exchange of calcium, sodium, and potassium, which is essential for the excitation and subsequent contraction of a muscle fiber. (wikipedia.org)
  • Muscle contraction depends on the chemical energy of ATP and several biochemical processes within the muscle cell maintain a supply of ATP to support muscle contraction. (medscape.com)
  • This type of electrical activity originates in the circular muscle layer of the intestinal wall and occurs when the circular layer contracts to form a segmenting contraction. (britannica.com)
  • The predominant motor action of the small intestine is the segmenting contraction, which is a localized circumferential contraction, principally of the circular muscle of the intestinal wall. (britannica.com)
  • The study offers an unprecedented, detailed look at the distribution system that rapidly provides energy throughout the cell where it is needed for muscle contraction. (evolutionnews.org)
  • causes skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, interferes with neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission, depolarizes nerve, muscle and blood cell membranes, thus causing hemolysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • WASHINGTON -Healthy muscle cells rely on the protein dysferlin to properly repair the sarcolemmal membrane, a thin specialized membrane that serves a vital role in ensuring that muscle fibers are strong enough and have the necessary resources to contract. (childrensnational.org)
  • In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), treatment with vamorolone not only reduced inflammation, but the membranes of muscle fibers were stabilized. (childrensnational.org)
  • Endomysium combines with perimysium and epimysium to create the collagen fibers of tendons, providing the tissue connection between muscles and bones by indirect attachment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most recognized metabolic myopathies are considered primary inborn errors of metabolism and are associated with known or postulated enzymatic defects that affect the ability of muscle fibers to maintain adequate energy and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations. (medscape.com)
  • Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Objective -To investigate whether protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are expressed in equine skeletal muscle and determine their distribution in various types of fibers by use of immunofluorescence microscopy. (avma.org)
  • Accordingly, the volume of SR tubules localized around the myofibrils is strongly reduced in skeletal muscle fibers of 4- and 10-month-old sAnk1 knockout (KO) mice, while additional structural alterations only develop with aging. (mdpi.com)
  • To verify whether the lack of sAnk1 also alters intracellular Ca 2+ handling, cytosolic Ca 2+ levels were analyzed in stimulated skeletal muscle fibers from 4- and 10-month-old sAnk1 KO mice. (mdpi.com)
  • Immunostained sections were assessed for airway smooth muscle (ASM) area, subepithelial basement membrane thickness, nerve fibers, and epithelial neuroendocrine cells. (lu.se)
  • Magnesium has a variety of biological roles in enzymology, cell membrane/wall structure, muscle cell physiology, and nucleic acid structure. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Having pioneered the study of muscle physiology in mammals, she uncovered how ion channels enable muscle movement. (the-scientist.com)
  • Dulhunty was attracted to learning how muscle works as an undergraduate student studying physiology and biochemistry at the University of Sydney. (the-scientist.com)
  • Throughout her career, Dulhunty has been driven by her curiosity to know how the underlying physiology of the body works, and, as a result, has made important discoveries about how skeletal and heart muscle contractions are generated and regulated. (the-scientist.com)
  • This channel transports positively charged atoms (ions) of potassium out of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in ion channel genes lead to the production of altered channels, which may either increase or decrease the flow of ions across the outer cell membrane and alter the way the heart beats. (medlineplus.gov)
  • They span the membrane of cells, allowing the selective permeation of K + ions from one side of the membrane to the other, usually from the inside of the cell to the outside. (ersjournals.com)
  • The contractions of the circular and longitudinal muscles are regulated by electrical impulses that begin with the passage of calcium ions into the muscle cell . (britannica.com)
  • All cells need to acquire the molecules and ions that they need from their surrounding extracellular fluid. (wikibooks.org)
  • There exists an exchange of molecules and ions in and out of the cell wall, as well as in and out of membrane-bounded intracellular compartments such as the nucleus, ER, and mitrochondria. (wikibooks.org)
  • The nematode bodies failed catastrophically, as the normal flow of ions across their cell membranes were disrupted. (popsci.com)
  • The toxin triggered a huge influx of calcium ions into their nerve and muscle cells, leading to paralysis and death. (popsci.com)
  • Ryanodine is an ion channel, embedded in an internal membrane within the muscle cell, that surrounds a pocket of calcium ions. (the-scientist.com)
  • This membrane is made up of fatty molecules that are impervious to ions. (cmu.edu)
  • In order for cells to live they must allow material and ions to pass in and out of the cell through the membrane. (cmu.edu)
  • Pumps use up energy and pump ions through the membrane in a single direction. (cmu.edu)
  • Channels simply allow ions to pass through the membrane in either direction. (cmu.edu)
  • Since pumps pump either in or out of the cell, they are probably not important for conducting ions through the cells. (cmu.edu)
  • Ions of sodium, potassium, and chloride trigger muscle contractions and nerve impulses as they move across our cell membranes. (silversneakers.com)
  • Phospholipases attack cell and mitochondrial membranes destroying nerve and muscle function. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Those motors in the mitochondria are arranged along folds (cristae) in the mitochondrial membranes to maximize their output. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Throughout this network , the mitochondrial protein localization seems to be varied, allowing optimized generation and utilization of the mitochondrial membrane potential . (evolutionnews.org)
  • We propose that membrane potential conduction via the mitochondrial reticulum is the dominant pathway for skeletal muscle energy distribution. (evolutionnews.org)
  • PQ dose-dependently caused toxicity in normal human bronchial epithelium BEAS-2B cells including increased cell death, oxidative stress, and loss of mitochondrial inner membrane potential. (cdc.gov)
  • The dystrophin protein keeps the muscle cell membrane from breaking or tearing when our muscles contract and relax. (mda.org)
  • Because it connects the center of the muscle cell to the periphery, the dystrophin protein is extremely long. (mda.org)
  • In addition to its force-transfer role, dystrophin provides the scaffold for holding numerous molecules in place near the cell membrane. (mda.org)
  • The disorder is caused by a genetic error that blocks the production of dystrophin, a protein that normally protects the membrane around muscle cells as they contract and relax. (uclahealth.org)
  • 5%) of dystrophin, a protein in the muscle cell membrane. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In this case, it's a protein called "dystrophin" that keeps muscle membranes stable and strong. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There's no cure for DMD, but there are treatments that can help with the symptoms, including gene-based therapies that help the muscles make more dystrophin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One promising approach uses an injection of small, harmless viruses to deliver therapeutic dystrophin-producing genes directly into cells in the muscle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • NIH-supported researchers have been studying ways to deliver dystrophin genes to affected muscles with fewer side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Water will move from an area with a higher concentration of water to the other side of the membrane with a lower concentration of water. (wikibooks.org)
  • The lipid bilayer of cell membranes is impermeable to large and polar molecules but permeable to water molecules and other small uncharged molecules like O 2 and CO 2 . (wikibooks.org)
  • When ΔG is positive the transport is active, an input of energy is needed to move a molecule up a concentration gradient, contrary to ΔG being negative the transport is passive, which means that such molecules will pass through a membrane down their own gradient, simple diffusion. (wikibooks.org)
  • Diffusion is the process by which molecules migrate over the cell membrane from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. (wikibooks.org)
  • Avery turned to TGen to understand which of their membranes are releasing molecules that produce therapeutic benefits," said Dr. Patrick Pirrotte , Assistant Professor and Director of TGen's Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry. (tgen.org)
  • Sinusoids are specialized capillaries found in certain organs, such as the liver and spleen, that allow for the passage of larger molecules and cells. (proprofs.com)
  • The endomysium, meaning within the muscle, is a wispy layer of areolar connective tissue that ensheaths each individual muscle fiber, or muscle cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Endomysium is the deepest and smallest component of muscle connective tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Connective tissue in skeletal muscle Epimysium Perimysium Abdulkarim, Ahmad S. (wikipedia.org)
  • They have been recorded in haemolymph, in muscle tissue and inside cells. (earthlife.net)
  • However, since there are many different non-muscle cell populations that reside within the tissue, these experiments cannot easily distinguish true myonuclei from those of neighboring mononuclear cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body. (frontiersin.org)
  • PHOENIX and TUCSON, Ariz. - Oct. 5, 2020 - Avery Therapeutics Inc. of Tucson has developed an engineered heart tissue, a lab-grown cardiac membrane that can help heal the heart, either following a heart attack or as a result of progressive heart disease. (tgen.org)
  • Their idea is that, for a heart that is potentially weak, an inserted cardiac membrane could support regeneration of heart tissue. (tgen.org)
  • Dr. Jen Koevary, Avery's Chief Operating and Financial Officer, added: "We created the material based on the idea that you can use healthy cells to treat an unhealthy tissue and make it healthy again. (tgen.org)
  • It naturally occurs in high concentrations in skeletal muscle tissue, and therefore may support muscle vitality. (a1supplements.com)
  • Human tissue is made up of cells all held together very tightly allowing very little to pass between the cells. (cmu.edu)
  • Left susceptible to damage from daily wear and tear, the unprotected cells eventually begin leaking their contents into the surrounding tissue, progressively weakening the muscle until it stops working. (uclahealth.org)
  • He discovered 12 mineral compounds which he called cell salts, or tissue salts. (lightparty.com)
  • of heart (cardiac) muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In cardiac muscle, this ion transport plays a critical role in maintaining the heart's normal rhythm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other genes provide instructions for making parts of structural elements of cardiac muscle, such as sarcomeres. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These structures are necessary for cardiac muscle to contract and produce the heart's pumping action. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in these non-ion channel genes have a variety of effects on the structure and function of cardiac muscle, all of which can lead to an abnormal heartbeat. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Dulhunty had set up electrophysiology experiments on a receptor from mammalian cardiac muscle fiber to measure its activity, and her initial measurements on the receptor's activity were going nicely. (the-scientist.com)
  • I could see immediately that the glutathione transferase began to inhibit the cardiac muscle receptor's activity," she recalls. (the-scientist.com)
  • Within a few months, Dulhunty and her colleagues published their first paper on the role of the omega class glutathione S-transferase, GSTO1-1, in inhibiting the ryanodine receptor in cardiac muscle and in increasing the activity of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. (the-scientist.com)
  • The lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) were measured in the cardiac muscle. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutations in the DYSF gene that produces this essential protein causes limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B), a disease characterized by chronic muscle inflammation and progressively weakened muscles in the pelvis and shoulder girdle. (childrensnational.org)
  • As implied by this term, it has been proposed that the associated pain and stiffness stem from micro-lesions, inflammation, or metabolite accumulation within the skeletal muscle. (mdpi.com)
  • Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The study demonstrated that Res prevents PQ-induced ROS production, inflammation, and fibrogenic reactions in cultured cells by activating Nrf2 signaling. (cdc.gov)
  • The availability of free energy is one of the factors that determine if a molecule will move across a membrane, the other being the permeability of the molecule in the lipid bilayer. (wikibooks.org)
  • Okadaic acid binds to intestinal epithelial cells and increases their permeability. (medscape.com)
  • Conduction block occurs principally in motor neurons and muscle. (medscape.com)
  • Scientists are reporting the first clear evidence that muscle cells distribute energy primarily by the rapid conduction of electrical charges through a vast, interconnected network of mitochondria - the cell's "powerhouse" - in a way that resembles the wire grid that distributes power throughout a city . (evolutionnews.org)
  • This energy distribution network , which depends on conduction rather than diffusion , is potentially extremely rapid , thereby enabling muscle to respond almost instantaneously to new energy demands. (evolutionnews.org)
  • These genetically encoded VSFPs have been shown to provide a reliable optical report of membrane potential from targeted neurons and muscle cells in culture or in living animals. (nih.gov)
  • Detected in both cell membrane and cytoplasm in neurons. (avivasysbio.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel, and probably has a role in controlling the excitability of motor neurons. (genscript.com)
  • There's another gene-based therapy for children under age 2 that uses a safe virus to deliver a new copy of the SMN gene into specific neurons to improve muscle movement. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There is a longstanding belief that a given nucleus controls a defined volume of cytoplasm, so when a muscle grows (hypertrophy) or shrinks (atrophy), the number of myonuclei change accordingly. (frontiersin.org)
  • This theory has its origins in the concept of "Wirkungssphäre" or "sphere of influence" proposed by Strassburger (1893) , in which he argued that a nucleus can only support a discrete volume of cytoplasm, thus defining the upper limits to cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • They are also involved in the transport of materials within the cell, and in the peripheral flow of cytoplasm and cell organelles known as cytoplasmic streaming . (encyclopedia.com)
  • The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (hindawi.com)
  • MiR-133a-5p inhibits androgen receptor (AR)-induced proliferation in prostate cancer cells via targeting FUsed in Sarcoma (FUS) and AR. (nih.gov)
  • The depolarization of the muscle cell membranes, or an excess of positive charges on the inside of the cell, causes the myofibrils (the contracting components of the myofilaments that constitute the muscle tissues) to contract. (britannica.com)
  • The rate of these contractions is governed by the rate of depolarization of the muscle cell membrane . (britannica.com)
  • Furthermore, we show a rapid, coordinated depolarization of the membrane potential component of the proton-motive force throughout the cell in response to spatially controlled uncoupling of the cell interior. (evolutionnews.org)
  • The transporters are of great medical significance as they play a central role in the multi-drug resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic substances and are associated with various inherited diseases like cystic fibrosis. (nanowerk.com)
  • Although the architecture of the nanomachines is known, a detailed understanding of how the splitting of the energy carrier ATP dynamically enables the transport of various substances across biological membranes has so far been lacking. (nanowerk.com)
  • In the myenteric plexus (a network of nerve fibres in the wall of the intestine), there are several other messenger substances and receptors capable of modulating smooth muscle activity, including somatostatin , serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), and the enkephalins. (britannica.com)
  • With at least seven such substances in and around the smooth muscle, there is some confusion as to their respective roles. (britannica.com)
  • In a head-to-head trial between the conventional glucocorticoid, prednisolone, and a modified glucocorticoid, vamorolone, in experimental models of LGMD2B, vamorolone improved dysferlin-deficient muscle cell membrane stability and repair. (childrensnational.org)
  • CAMPBELL, K. P. Dysferlin and muscle membrane repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • Expressed in lung alveolar epithelial cells, enterocytes of the small intestine, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells (at protein level). (avivasysbio.com)
  • Conclusion: BT is a treatment option in patients with severe therapy-refractory asthma that downregulates selectively structural abnormalities involved in airway narrowing and bronchial reactivity, particularly ASM, neuroendocrine epithelial cells, and bronchial nerve endings. (lu.se)
  • Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD ) is one of nine types of muscular dystrophies, a group of genetic, degenerative diseases primarily affecting voluntary muscles. (mda.org)
  • Her team is intent on finding a cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a deadly genetic disease that slowly weakens every muscle of the body. (uclahealth.org)
  • Jaiswal likens the plasma membrane to a balloon that sits atop the myofiber, a long cell that when healthy can flex and contract. (childrensnational.org)
  • When the plasma membrane tears , calcium from the outside leaks in, causing the muscle cell to collapse into a ball and die. (childrensnational.org)
  • Although Piezo1 channels diffuse readily in the plasma membrane and are widely distributed across the cell, their flicker activity is enriched near force-producing adhesions. (nature.com)
  • In addition, PKC α and β2 were detected near or in the plasma membrane of muscle cells. (avma.org)
  • Bundles of microfilaments often occur just beneath the cell surface, typically oriented parallel to the long axis of the cell, and some are anchored to the plasma membrane. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Microfilaments often occur in abundance immediately beneath the plasma membrane , and play a role in cell motility, cytokinesis , and cytoplasmic streaming . (encyclopedia.com)
  • The cosegregation of 'immortal' template DNA strands and their link with the asymmetry apparatus has important implications for stem cell biology and cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Metabolic myopathies are the most clearly defined and etiologically understood muscle disorders because their fundamental biochemical defects are known through recent molecular biology and biochemistry developments. (medscape.com)
  • Rather than having to wait sometimes days to get the results of a biochemistry experiment, with electrophysiology "you see what is happening in an individual cell in the moment," says the muscle biology researcher and now emeritus professor at Australian National University in Canberra. (the-scientist.com)
  • Metabolic myopathies refer to a group of hereditary muscle disorders caused by specific enzymatic defects due to defective genes. (medscape.com)
  • Based on a dataset encompassing more than 500 Dobermanns, the disease was associated with two nearby genomic loci, where changes were identified in genes that affect the functioning, energy metabolism and structure of the heart muscle. (news-medical.net)
  • The study revealed that these same risk genes cause heart muscle disease in human patients. (news-medical.net)
  • Autosomal dominant inheritance means that one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Small Ankyrins (sAnk1) are muscle-specific isoforms generated by the Ank1 gene that participate in the organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscles. (mdpi.com)
  • Among the major strategies are gene replacement, gene modification, stem cell use, inhibiting a protein called myostatin, expanding the distribution and increasing the level of a protein called utrophin, and increasing blood flow to muscles. (mda.org)
  • It helps muscles and nerves work properly by changing the SMN2 gene product to make more of the SMN protein than it usually would. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because muscles make up a large portion of our body mass, the dose of viral gene-based therapy needs to be very high to be effective, which can cause unwanted side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Strikingly, some of these cells display selective template-DNA strand segregation during mitosis in the muscle fibre in vivo, as well as in culture independent of their niche, indicating that genomic DNA strands are nonequivalent. (nih.gov)
  • These and other data argue against the current interpretation of the myonuclear domain hypothesis and suggest that once a nucleus has been acquired by a muscle fiber it persists. (frontiersin.org)
  • Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Results indicated that PKC isoforms are expressed in equine skeletal muscle in a fiber type-specific manner. (avma.org)
  • dystrophic changes (eg, muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration) are seen on biopsy specimens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Piezo1 activation in cells is typically measured by patch clamp assays that drastically affect the native environment of Piezo1, disrupt cellular composition and cytoskeletal dynamics, and provide limited or no spatial information as to where channels are activated. (nature.com)
  • Works As An Antioxidant For Cellular Membranes! (a1supplements.com)
  • L-Carnosine is also an antioxidant that stabilizes cellular membranes, protecting them from damage by free radicals. (a1supplements.com)
  • A characteristic of small intestine motility is the inherent ability of the smooth muscle constituting the wall of the intestine to contract spontaneously and rhythmically. (britannica.com)
  • Osmosis is very important in biological systems because many membranes are semipermeable. (wikibooks.org)
  • Fat is essential for various biological processes such as the transport of vitamins , building of cell membranes, blood clotting, and muscle movement. (medicinenet.com)
  • Normal neuromuscular junction showing a presynaptic terminal with a motor nerve ending in an enlargement (bouton terminale): Synaptic cleft and postsynaptic membrane with multiple folds and embedded with several acetylcholine receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Zurück zum Zitat Rubino A, Vuylsteke A, Jenkins DP, Fowles JA, Hockings L, Valchanov K. Direct complications of the Avalon bicaval dual-lumen cannula in respiratory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): Single-center experience. (springermedizin.de)
  • for example, cells use Myosin II-generated traction forces for probing the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. (nature.com)
  • The description of eukaryotic cells. (brightstorm.com)
  • microfilament Any of numerous microscopic protein fibres, typically 7-9 nm in diameter, that form one of the main components of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The array of transporters expressed in any given cell defines the cell's function and effectiveness. (wikibooks.org)
  • Enteroendocrine cells (EEs) are evolutionarily conserved gastrointestinal secretory cells that show scattered distribution in the intestinal epithelium. (bioone.org)
  • In the fruit fly Drosophila, it has been suggested that nearly equal numbers of two subtypes of EEs (Allatostatin A: AstA and Diuretic hormone 31 : Dh31) are alternately produced from the intestinal stem cells in the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
  • These results indicate that the two intestinal secretory peptides antagonistically regulate adult lifespan and intestinal senescence through multiple pathways, irrespective of insulin, which implicates a complementary gradient distribution of each of the hormone-producing EEs, consistent with local requirements for cell activity along the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
  • The channel regulates the changes in calcium ion concentration that control the muscle contractile apparatus and, in turn, muscle movement. (the-scientist.com)
  • Blood flow disturbance of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) can be a risk factor of weaning failure. (springermedizin.de)
  • Metabolic myopathies are heterogeneous conditions that have common abnormalities of muscle energy metabolism that result in skeletal muscle dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, understanding these muscle disorders enables a better understanding of the dynamics of muscle and body metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding energy metabolism in exercising muscles is a prerequisite to the study of metabolic myopathies. (medscape.com)
  • Disorders of Skeletal Muscle", The Musculoskeletal System (Second Edition), Churchill Livingstone, pp. 109-122, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3377-3.00008-1, ISBN 978-0-7020-3377-3, retrieved 2020-11-02 Saladin, K. S. (2012). (wikipedia.org)
  • The body contends with the dead cell by breaking it up into fragments and sending in inflammatory cells to clear the debris. (childrensnational.org)
  • Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
  • PQ at 10 uM induced transformation of normal human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells into myofibroblasts, as shown by the de nova synthesis of a-smooth muscle actin, and heightened production of inflammatory cytokines TNFa and IL-6 and growth factor TGFb1. (cdc.gov)
  • There is a general agreement that hypertrophy is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help the muscles meet the enhanced synthetic demands of a larger cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • Key to the technology is the advancement in recent years of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can propagate indefinitely and theoretically give rise to every other cell type in the body. (tgen.org)
  • Functional expression of inward rectifier potassium channels in cultured human pulmonary smooth muscle cells: evidence for a major role of Kir2.4 subunits. (genscript.com)
  • The investigations were supported by the Protein Research Department at the RUB and funds of the collaborative research centre SFB 642 "GTP and ATP dependent membrane processes", whose speaker is Prof. Dr. Klaus Gerwert. (nanowerk.com)
  • Further research could indicate whether vamorolone, which is in Phase II human clinical trials for DMD, or any off-the-shelf drug could slow decline in muscle function for patients with LGMD2B. (childrensnational.org)
  • The structure and function of nerve cells. (brightstorm.com)
  • Aspartate aminotransferase also reportedly reflects gonadal function and the amount of oxygen available to membranes. (drkaslow.com)
  • SGPT/SGOT is an enzyme associated with liver function and glucose conversion and is most often found in the mitochondria of the liver cell. (drkaslow.com)
  • BMD is similar to DMD but allows the voluntary muscles to function better than they do in DMD. (mda.org)
  • For the current experiments, the NIH scientists collaborated in a detailed study of the mitochondria structure, biochemical composition, and function in mouse skeletal muscle cells. (evolutionnews.org)
  • The driving force for this is provided by the molecule ATP, a universal energy storage of the cells. (nanowerk.com)
  • We found that boosting levels of a molecule called sarcospan restored the membrane's ability to protect muscle cells," she said. (uclahealth.org)
  • The symmetry is hard to miss: Crosbie-Watson drives a classic muscle car to UCLA, where she studies the biochemical reactions that drive muscle cell functions. (uclahealth.org)
  • They regulate the excitability of cells and contribute to their resting membrane potential [ 1 , 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • For charged species, an electrical potential is generated by an unequal distribution of ion charges across the membrane because "like" charges will be repelled. (wikibooks.org)
  • ΔV: Potential in volts across the membrane. (wikibooks.org)
  • Young men with Duchenne frequently die in their 20s, when their heart and lung muscles stop pumping, leading to organ failure. (uclahealth.org)
  • In this study, we found that Res at pharmacological doses effectively attenuated PQ-induced cell toxicity and fibrogenic response in human lung cells. (cdc.gov)