There is a breadth of medical interventions for managing hypertonia, including medications, botulinum toxin injections, intrathecal baclofen pumps, and selective dorsal rhizotomy. (bvsalud.org)
Purpose: The study investigated the effect of Botulinum toxin A on the gait and lower limb muscle activity of ambulatory CP children. (iospress.com)
Methods: 19 spastic diplegic and 4 left hemiparetic CP children were injected with a mean dose of 23.5 units of Botulinum toxin A/kg body weight into the gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles. (iospress.com)
Results: Botulinum toxin A caused a definite reduction of plantarflexor, knee and hip hypertonia in 21 children, resulting in a more plantar grade and erect gait in 17 children four weeks after injection. (iospress.com)
Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the injection of Botulinum toxin A resulted in a more mature muscle activation pattern of CP children. (iospress.com)
We concluded that botulinum toxin injections showed effectiveness on lower limb hypertonia reduction of hemiplegic patients after stroke. (biostats.gr)
Spastic2
This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on the reflex and non-reflex components of spastic hypertonia and intramuscular blood perfusion among individuals with chronic stroke. (edu.hk)
Based on our results, WBV had an acute effect on modulating spastic hypertonia dominated by hyperreflexia in people with chronic stroke and facilitating greater intramuscular blood perfusion. (edu.hk)
Skeletal muscle4
Upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS) is the motor control changes that can occur in skeletal muscle after an upper motor neuron lesion. (wikipedia.org)
These include: (1) stimulation of the respiratory center, (2) increased minute ventilation, (3) decreased threshold to hypercapnia, (4) increased response to hypercapnia, (5) increased skeletal muscle tone, (6) decreased diaphragmatic fatigue, (7) increased metabolic rate, and (8) increased oxygen consumption. (drugs.com)
Recurrent metabolic crises with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration (MECRCN) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by episodic metabolic degeneration affecting skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and the nervous system. (nih.gov)
This nerve carries axons of type GVE, general visceral efferent, which provides parasympathetic innervation to glands of mucous membranes of the pharynx, larynx, organs in the neck, thorax, and abdomen, and all our skeletal muscle, as well as our aortic body and arch (known as our heart). (vancouveryogareview.com)
Phasic2
Electromyography revealed sig-nificantly less co-contraction of the lower leg muscles, due to a more phasic instead of a tonic activity of the tibialis anterior muscle, and an improved activation pattern of the left rectus and biceps femoris muscles. (iospress.com)
PSS is characterized by involuntary activation of skeletal muscles resulting in phasic and/or tonic muscle activity during rest and voluntary movement resulting in the PS-SMD in involved body-parts [ 2 ]. (e-arm.org)
Gastrocnemius1
We assessed the soleus H-reflex, shear modulus (ultrasound elastography) and vascular index (color power Doppler ultrasound) of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle on either paretic or non-paretic side at baseline and every 1-min post-intervention up to 5 minutes. (edu.hk)
Knee1
Peak muscle-tendon length was not a significant predictor of post-operative knee kinematics or increase in APT. (bvsalud.org)
Weakness3
This confusion potentially leaves health professionals attempting to inhibit an exaggerated stretch reflex to improve muscle performance, potentially leaving more significant UMNS changes such as weakness unaddressed. (wikipedia.org)
Fluoroquinolones, including CIPRO XR, may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. (globalrph.com)
Clinical manifestations include muscle weakness and skin rashes. (jcimcr.org)
Significantly1
Results The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) pertaining to all the patients significantly improved from the baseline value of 0. (academic-accelerator.com)
Relaxant2
It is a bronchial smooth muscle relaxant, a CNS stimulant, a cardiac muscle stimulant, and a diuretic. (drugs.com)
Subunit modulation of the GABA-BZ receptor chloride channel macromolecular complex is hypothesized to be responsible for some of the pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines, which include sedative, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsive effects in animal models. (healthyplace.com)
Considerably2
Health professionals' understanding of impairments in muscles after an upper motor neuron lesion has progressed considerably in recent decades. (wikipedia.org)
The degree of care varies considerably depending on the child's baseline GMFCS level and functional capabilities, and early screening, diagnosis, and appropriate referrals are paramount to initiating early care and maximizing the child's quality of life. (bvsalud.org)
Stiffness2
If muscle tone is assessed with passive muscle lengthening, increased muscle stiffness may affect the feeling of resistance to passive stretch, in addition to neurological resistance to stretch. (wikipedia.org)
No acute effect on passive muscle stiffness was observed. (edu.hk)
Reflex1
Spasticity is an exaggerated stretch reflex, which means that a muscle has a reflex contraction when stretched, and that this contraction is stronger when the stretch is applied more quickly. (wikipedia.org)
Tone6
Elements of assessment will include analysis of posture, active movement, muscle strength, movement control and coordination, and endurance, as well as muscle tone and spasticity. (wikipedia.org)
While multiple muscles in a limb are usually affected in the Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome, there is usually an imbalance of muscle activity (muscle tone), such that there is a stronger pull on one side of a joint, such as into elbow flexion. (wikipedia.org)
BRUE (brief, resolved, unexplained event) is an episode of cyanosis or pallor, abnormal breathing, abnormal muscle tone, or altered responsiveness in infants. (msdmanuals.com)
Some infants have a transient event involving some combination of altered respiration, consciousness, muscle tone, and/or skin color. (msdmanuals.com)
Most of the prevalent data of PSS originates from studies that only used the criterion of velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone as a clinical marker of PSS [ 1 , 2 ]. (e-arm.org)
Published prevalent data of a severe spasticity (defined as increased muscle tone equal or more than 2 of the modified Ashworth scale [MAS]) and a disabling PSS (defined as spasticity that does need treatment) showed that up to 13%-16% of stroke survivors suffer from this complication after stroke [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. (e-arm.org)
Intervention1
Plasma adiponectin, biochemical and anthropometrical data were evaluated in 55 Orthodox fasters (OF) and 42 time-restricted eating controls (all women, mean age 47.8 years) at three time points: baseline, end of the dietary intervention (7 weeks) and 5 weeks after participants returned to their typical dietary habits (12 weeks from baseline). (biostats.gr)
Reduction1
In the OF group, there was an increase in adiponectin values at 12 weeks compared with baseline (9815.99 vs 8983.52 mg/ml, p = 0.02) and a reduction in body fat mass between baseline and 12 weeks (35.44 vs 32.17%, p = 0.004) and between 7 and 12 weeks (35.33 vs 32.17%, p = 0.003). (biostats.gr)
Vascular1
By decreasing vascular resistance and relaxing muscles, sildenafil increases blood flow to particular areas of the body including the penis. (empowerpharmacy.com)
Manifestations1
Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac dysrhythmia). (druglib.com)
Assessment1
Secondary effects are likely to impact on assessment of impaired muscles. (wikipedia.org)
Clinical1
Spasticity is a common feature of muscle performance after upper motor neuron lesions, but is generally of much less clinical significance than other features such as decreased strength, decreased control and decreased endurance. (wikipedia.org)
Patients1
1999) that overall muscle strength continues to improve up to 15 months post hospital discharge for both persons with tetraplegia and paraplegia despite large variability in patients. (scireproject.com)
Change1
No significant change of the shear modulus in the MG muscle was observed, regardless of the testing condition. (edu.hk)
Mechanism1
the exact mechanism by which cGMP stimulates relaxation of smooth muscles has not been determined. (empowerpharmacy.com)
Addition2
In addition, infants must otherwise appear well and be back at their baseline state of health after the event. (msdmanuals.com)
Perspectives and Significance The lactating state requires a shift in nutrient utilization that depends on adaptations in the liver, gut, adipose tissue, muscle, and bone in addition to the mammary gland. (labriegorural.es)
Weeks1
Anthropometry, dietary and biochemical data regarding serum lipids, and vitamin D status were collected at baseline, 7 weeks after the implementation of OF, and 5 weeks after fasters returned to their standard dietary habits (12 weeks from baseline). (biostats.gr)
Individuals1
2018) that multi-modal exercise improves muscle strength and function in individuals with SCI. (scireproject.com)
Degree3
Affected muscles typically show multiple signs, with severity depending on the degree of damage and other factors that influence motor control. (wikipedia.org)
Decreasing the degree of this imbalance is a common focus of muscle strengthening programs. (wikipedia.org)
Should be done to determine location, degree of problem and prognosis, and provide a baseline to log progress should treatment be performed. (dvm360.com)
Study1
SIGNIFICANCE: This study suggests that hamstrings muscle-tendon length criteria by itself is not a sufficient indicator to recommend against hamstrings lengthening. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment1
The benefit of an early PS-SMD treatment by BoNT-A should predominate putative degenerative muscle changes due to long-term BoNT-A therapy by far. (e-arm.org)
Movement1
The impact of impairment of muscles for an individual is problems with movement, and posture, which often affects their function. (wikipedia.org)