• Rituximab is an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) kappa monoclonal antibody composed of a murine (mouse) variable region (Fab portion) that is fused onto a human constant region (Fc portion). (dermnetnz.org)
  • Murine monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen, harvesting its spleen to obtain B cells that are producing antibody specific to that antigen, fusing those cells with immortal mouse myeloma cells, growing these hybridoma cells (eg, in cell culture), and harvesting the antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chimeric monoclonal antibodies activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells more effectively than murine monoclonal antibodies but can still induce production of human anti-chimeric antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To expand diagnostic capacity to detect CVV infections by immunoassays, 12 hybridoma clones secreting anti-CVV murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed. (cdc.gov)
  • Parasitic helminths generally induce strong type 2 immunity that normally controls parasite infection and is characterized by production of type 2 cytokines like interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-5, and IL-13 by innate cells (group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages) and CD4 + T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
  • It is also known that an effective response against Pb depends on both TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocyte activation in the presence of ideal concentrations of Th1 inflammatory cytokines [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we report a novel approach to treat septicemia associated with intra-abdominal infection in a murine model by delicately balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. (nature.com)
  • We approached this issue with a small natural product derived oligosaccharide with TLR4 modulating activity that delicately balances the immune system and the production of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a murine model of peritonitis. (nature.com)
  • Depending upon the cytokines secreted by the Helper T cells, they are classified into two subpopulations: Th1 and Th2 cells. (omicsonline.org)
  • During murine CMV (MCMV) infection, CD4+ Tcells maintain inflationary virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses via IL-2 but not IL-21. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We have previously shown that murine CMV (MCMV) stimulates the mouse TS promoter by a mechanism that depends on the presence of an E2F element in the promoter region. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 2016). More recently we found that during the early phase of MCMV infection IFN-β responses are induced in Kupffer cells within the liver. (twincore.de)
  • 2019). Interestingly, hepatocyte-derived MCMV does not infect other cells of the body until day 5 of infection, whereas from day 8 on hepatocyte-derived MCMV disseminates to the salivary gland (Tegtmeyer et al. (twincore.de)
  • 2018). To this end, we studied vaccina virus as well as MCMV infection of mice. (twincore.de)
  • As an example, the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus produces a TGF- β mimic during its invasive stages causing the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice [ 9 ], a T cell subset that controls immunity in infection, allergy, and autoimmunity [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Differentiation of this intestinal DC subset depended on CSF-1 but not on Flt3L, thus defining the precursors as monocytes and not pre-DCs. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • All together, we demonstrate that host nc-moDCs surprisingly mediate immunosuppression in the context of murine intestinal GVHD - as opposed to classical "inflammatory" monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) - via coinhibitory signaling. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • We describe an unexpected mechanism of nc-moDCs in allo-HCT and intestinal GVHD, which might also be important for autoimmune disorders or infections of the gastrointestinal tract. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • VSV infection triggered rapid differentiation of blood monocytes into immature dendritic cells as well as their apoptosis, which depended on caspase 3/7 activation. (karger.com)
  • The data suggest that diabetic mice present impaired immunological response to Pb18 infection and insulin modulates inflammation by reducing IL-6 levels in lung and CINC-1 levels in spleen and liver homogenates, restoring leukocyte concentrations in PeLF and also restoring populations of dendritic cells and B lymphocytes in lungs of diabetic mice, permitting the host to better control the infection. (hindawi.com)
  • Two newly synthesized molecules (textless3 kDa) mimicking trimeric CD40L (mini CD40Ls(-1) and (-2)) bind to CD40, activate murine dendritic cells, and elicit IL-12 production. (cnrs.fr)
  • Murine models of PCM have been used to study the several aspects of Pb infection, the outcomes varying from cure to a progressive granulomatous disease, according to the susceptibility of the strain of mice [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Following the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure, intravenous dosing of AVR-25 (10 mg/kg, 6-12 h post-CLP) alone and in combination with antibiotic imipenem protected both young adult (10-12 week old) and aged (16-18 month old) mice against polymicrobial infection, organ dysfunction, and death. (nature.com)
  • In a murine infection study, C57BL/6 mice infected with the deletion strain exhibited lower mortality and lower fungal burden in the lungs and brain compared to those infected with the control strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • In mice, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection leads to heterogeneous neurological conditions, depending on mouse strain infected. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • Host genetic background influences diverse responses to viral infection in mice. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • Here, we use Ac-deficient mice with ubiquitously increased ceramide levels to elucidate the role of endogenous Ac activity in a murine malaria model. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, we demonstrate that administration of the Ac inhibitor carmofur to wildtype mice has similar effects on P. yoelii infection and erythropoiesis. (elifesciences.org)
  • In infection studies, CcpA was required for virulence in infected immunocompromised mice, suggesting that it could be used as a possible immunotherapeutic or diagnostic target in the future. (hki-jena.de)
  • We found that upon Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection of mice hepatocytes are key innate effector cells that mount protective type I IFN responses. (twincore.de)
  • In conditional mice devoid of type I IFN receptor signaling selectively on hepatocytes, CVB3 infection is not controlled and the virus disseminates similarly as in mice devoid of the type I IFN receptor in all cells (Koestner et al. (twincore.de)
  • Moreover, the immunosuppression induced by T. cruzi infection was impaired in mice treated with miniCD40Ls, as shown by proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, percentage of CD8(+) T cells, and IFN-gamma production. (cnrs.fr)
  • Mice surviving T. cruzi infection in the presence of miniCD40L(-1) were immunized against a challenge infection. (cnrs.fr)
  • 19-25 TMPRSS2 knock-out mice have no phenotype in the absence of infection, 26 indicating that inhibiting TMPRSS2 function might not be associated with substantial unwanted side effects. (rsc.org)
  • Genotype I of T. gondii is most virulent for mice, inducing extensive parasite dissemination and sudden murine death. (springer.com)
  • Murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) and human herpesviruses depend on a subset of genes that allow them to maintain a chronic infection by reactivating when specific environmental conditions are met. (wikipedia.org)
  • The evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in Mexican healthcare workers and patients immunized with various vaccines. (nih.gov)
  • Opportunistic fungal pathogens may cause superficial or serious invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised and debilitated patients. (harvard.edu)
  • However, complete inhibition of TLR4 may impose deleterious effect on the immunocompromised state of septic patients who succumb to secondary infection. (nature.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis is one of the most frequent fungal eye infections in patients with immunosuppression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Enhanced apoptosis in the leukocytes of peripheral blood of PEM patients may be a marker of increased infection and immune disturbances. (who.int)
  • 2019) is applied to develop improved methods for the generation of HCMV-specific T cell products for the use in patients with severe HCMV infection (Forschergruppe 2830, P04). (twincore.de)
  • Patients with impaired cell-mediated immunity, including those with advanced HIV infection, are highly susceptible to OPC. (rupress.org)
  • Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis represents one of the most serious fungal infections among immunocompromised patients. (ucm.es)
  • PEM in children is frequently associated with an increased incidence of bacterial, Patients fungal and viral infections [ 2 ] and is the The current study was performed on 42 in- most common cause of secondary immu- fants recruited from the Children's Hospital, nodeficiency [ 3-5 ]. (who.int)
  • Opportunistic fungi can cause critical superficial or invasive infections in apparently healthy patients and especially in debilitated or immunocompromised patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • In patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the oral candidosis is the most common fungal manifestation, as an indicator of the infection progression 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Survival of the fungus inside the host's macrophages is essential for successful infection and depends on several features: the strain of the fungus, its responsiveness to external factors such as temperature changes and oxidative stress, and the efficiency of the host's immunological response [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we show that the deregulation of Ifnb1 expression observed in murine Trim33-/- macrophages correlates with abnormal looping of both ICE and the Ifnb1 gene to a 100 kb downstream region overlapping the Ptplad2/Hacd4 gene. (pasteur.fr)
  • HKU1 comprised two genetically divergent genotypes (A and B), possibly representing two independent transmission events from murine CoVs, with genotype B being genetically more diverse than all the other sHCoVs. (nih.gov)
  • Do the placental barrier, parasite genotype and Toll-like receptor polymorphisms contribute to the course of primary infection with various Toxoplasma gondii genotypes in pregnant women? (springer.com)
  • In contrast, genotype II causes non-fatal infection with much less tachyzoite dissemination [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
  • Previous studies have shown a relationship between DM and a high prevalence of infections in mucosa and airways [ 18 , 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In the tropical and subtropical climate areas, the prevalence of the enteroviral infections is year-round. (medscape.com)
  • 2) how does the escape process of sporozoites in the mosquito vector occurs using different species of Plasmodium and vectors 3) how does the microbial dynamics of A. aquasalis varies depending on the life stage and food source. (fiocruz.br)
  • However, the impact of cell-intrinsic Ac activity and ceramide on the course of Plasmodium infection remains elusive. (elifesciences.org)
  • Interestingly, ablation of Ac leads to alleviated parasitemia associated with decreased T cell responses in the early phase of Plasmodium yoelii infection. (elifesciences.org)
  • Malaria is caused by infections with the parasite Plasmodium that undergoes a complex life cycle within its hosts. (elifesciences.org)
  • CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) are also involved in the mechanism of immune regulation against Plasmodium infection. (omicsonline.org)
  • The Innovative Medicines Initiative-funded "Collaboration for prevention and treatment of MDR bacterial infections" (COMBINE) consortium is establishing a validated and globally harmonized preclinical model to increase reproducibility and more reliably translate results from animals to humans. (frontiersin.org)
  • The "Collaboration for prevention and treatment of MDR bacterial infections" (COMBINE) project is part of the European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Accelerator. (frontiersin.org)
  • The goal of the Accelerator is to progress the development of new medicines to treat or even prevent resistant bacterial infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, new therapeutic approaches are needed to effectively inhibit the hyperinflammation produced by the overwhelming cytokine response during bacterial infection without developing resistance to secondary infection in abdominal infections like peritonitis. (nature.com)
  • However, the destruction of critical white blood cells also means that the recovery stage is fraught with dangers of infection, with the body defenseless against a bacterial or viral infection. (thelifelight.info)
  • Our results indicate that CD40L mimetics are effective in vivo and promote the control of T. cruzi infection by overcoming the immunosuppression usually induced by the parasites. (cnrs.fr)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of rare presentations of fungal infections, especially when a kidney transplant recipient with rejection has been treated with intensive immunosuppressants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Depending on the species, the parasites favor different RBC maturation stages for their intraerythrocytic development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we used pharmacoproteomics to score time-dependent treatment impact in a murine Escherichia coli sepsis model after administering beta-lactam antibiotic meropenem (Mem) and/or the immunomodulatory glucocorticoid methylprednisolone (Gcc). (lu.se)
  • Here, we recovered transcriptome and immune repertoire information for polyclonal T follicular helper cells following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, CD8+ T cells with binding specificity restricted to two distinct LCMV peptides, and B and T cells isolated from the nervous system in the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (nature.com)
  • Unlike vaccines, which require time to induce pro- tective immunity and depend on the host's ability to mount an immune response, passive antibody can the- oretically confer protection regardless of the immune status of the host. (cdc.gov)
  • Helminth infections induce strong type 2 cell-mediated immune responses, characterized among other things by production of high levels of interleukin- (IL-) 4 and IL-13. (hindawi.com)
  • Systemic mycoses are infections caused by pathogenic fungi or fungi whose pathogenicity increases due to immune system impairment. (hindawi.com)
  • However, when inflammation and/or damage occur, resistance to disease is associated with the presence of immune effector cells that kill the fungus and clear infection ( 5 ). (rupress.org)
  • Subsequently, if the introduced pathogens successfully penetrate the host's immune defenses, infection can occur. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • Interferon β (IFN-β) is a cytokine that induces a global antiviral proteome, and regulates the adaptive immune response to infections and tumors. (pasteur.fr)
  • Viral infections continue to appear in human and wildlife populations, causing frequent epidemics and occasional pandemics. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we reviewed the recent advances from the laboratory mouse about macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during parasitic helminth infection. (hindawi.com)
  • Type 2 cell-mediated immunity is a general feature of helminth infection regardless of the multivariate sites of colonization of the numerous helminth species [ 11 ] and is conserved from jawed fish to mammals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • they are used to treat solid and hematopoietic tumors, inflammatory disorders, and infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Rickettsial diseases widely vary in severity from self-limited mild illnesses to fulminating life-threatening infections. (medscape.com)
  • Natural Treg cells during primary exposure to malaria enhanced Th1 memory responses and increased disease severity during re-infection. (omicsonline.org)
  • The specific disease and its severity depend on the type of pathogen involved. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • This response was marked by an enhancement in the MCP-1, GM-CSF, VEGF, RANTES and IL-17 levels and a decrease in the IL-6, a biomarker related to the severity of the infection. (ucm.es)
  • The severity of the coxsackievirus B infection is highest in infants and children. (medscape.com)
  • Interestingly, right after infection Kupffer cells disappear from the liver, whereas peripheral myeloid cells infiltrate the liver and later differentiated to cells that are very reminiscent to Kupffer cells. (twincore.de)
  • Interestingly, A3G had similar inhibitory activity against a related viral RT (from Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus), but no activity against DNA polymerase I. (umsystem.edu)
  • We discovered that in human monocyte derived myeloid cells sensing of HCMV infections depends on productive infection and is mediated via the cGAS/STING axis (Paijo et al. (twincore.de)
  • The resulting recommendations for standard design parameters are presented in this document and will provide the basis for the development of a harmonized and bench-marked efficacy studies in preclinical murine pneumonia model. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, we focus especially on sensing of CMV by myeloid cells in the human and murine model and on the induction of type I interferons which can exhibit pro- and anti-viral effects on CMV infection. (twincore.de)
  • We have used a murine model in which the TAA is β-galactosidase (β-gal) and a panel of recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVV) in which β-gal was expressed under early or late promoters at levels that varied over 500-fold during productive infections in tissue culture cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In this study, we aimed to analyze the in vivo e_cacy of prophylactic oral amphotericin B (AMB) encapsulated in modified chitosan-nanoparticles (Nanomerics' Molecular Envelope Technology (MET)) supplemented with a standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia (AHCC®) in a murine model of pulmonary aspergillosis. (ucm.es)
  • Studies on mouse models of helminth infections have provided essential findings towards understanding type 2 immunity induction as well as its effector functions [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Nevertheless, in immunocompetent individuals primary HCMV infection is mostly unnoticed and the virus developed sophisticated means to escape immunity and to persist in a latent state. (twincore.de)
  • Since the induction of IL-12 during type II infection was Myd88-dependent, the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immunity against these strains was suggested. (springer.com)
  • CRTH2: Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed includes nonallergic asthma phenotypes, such as asthma on TH2 cells associated with exposure to air pollution, infection, or obesity, ILC: Innate lymphoid cell that require innate rather than adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • New or reemerging rickettsioses have been described in the last few decades, including tickborne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) and Dermacentor -borne-necrosis-eschar-lymphadenopathy (DEBONEL) related to Rickettsia slovaca infection, as well as lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis attributed to Rickettsia sibricia infection. (medscape.com)
  • APOBEC3G (A3G) has been reported to inhibit several retroviral infections. (umsystem.edu)
  • This information, along with data on ZDV efficacy in preventing perinatal transmission (3) and evidence that PEP prevented or ameliorated retroviral infection in some studies in animals (4), prompted a Public Health Service (PHS) interagency working group *, with expert consultation (5), in June 1996 to issue provisional recommendations for PEP for HCWs after occupational HIV exposure (6). (cdc.gov)
  • An important aspect about type 2 cell-mediated responses against parasitic helminths is that they are induced for controlling parasite infection but they also mediate the tolerance of parasite persistence [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Hence, there is a need for the accelerated development of new agents to treat and prevent infections caused by AMR pathogens ( WHO, 2021 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Even though they are not essential for lytic phases of the virus, these latency genes are important for promoting chronic infection and continued replication within infected individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Productive infection of non-proliferating cells by cytomegalovirus (CMV) requires the coordinated stimulation of host biochemical pathways that prepare cells to synthesize DNA. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In the case of Aspergillus fumigatus, the successful fungus must avoid phagocytosis in the lung to establish invasive infection. (hki-jena.de)
  • Our study aimed to assess the overall immunological consequences of ex vivo infection of PBLs with VSV. (karger.com)
  • We can take advantage of a variety of helminth models available, each of which have their own feature including life cycle, site of infection, or pathological mechanisms influencing macrophage biology. (hindawi.com)
  • The relevance of TMEV infection as a tool for studying virus-induced neurological conditions in humans identifies a critical need to determine genetic variants and their mechanisms to link TMEV infection to disease outcome. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • The mechanisms may vary depending on the specific disease and pathogen involved, but these modes of transmission collectively illustrate the adaptability of fleas as disease vectors. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • Three distinct proteome response patterns were identified, which depended on the underlying proteotype for each organ. (lu.se)
  • Different mouse strains respond to TMEV infection differently in ways that closely approximate human neurological conditions ranging from epilepsy to demyelination. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • In this study, we have evaluated different CC strains for outcomes of TMEV infection using neurological/behavioral phenotyping tests and histology. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • T. gondii type II strains, identified predominantly in the populations of some European countries and the United States, were reported to generate congenital toxoplasmosis, including lethal infection, severe neuro-ocular involvement, isolated chorioretinitis, and/or latent toxoplasmosis [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
  • TS mRNA and protein levels are nearly undetectable in quiescent cells, but are greatly increased following HCMV infection. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The increase in TS gene expression was due to an increase in gene transcription, since the expression of a reporter gene driven by the human TS promoter was strongly induced by HCMV infection. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The objective is to better understand how HCMV establishes latent infection in myeloid cells (SFB 900, B2). (twincore.de)
  • Furthermore, it provides a way to explore how HSV overcomes the barrier features of epidermis and mucosa to attain its receptors and initiate an infection. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Ehrlichia organisms (the cause of human monocytic ehrlichiosis and Ehrlichia ewingii infection), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (the cause of human granulocytic anaplasmosis), and Bartonella species (the cause of Catscratch disease , relapsing fever, and Trench fever ) are organisms related to the rickettsiae. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers utilized a variety of cell lines that represented potential targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human body. (wraltechwire.com)
  • The results were mixed, with the compounds' effectiveness depending upon whether they were used in human-derived cell lines versus monkey-derived cell lines, known as Vero cell lines. (wraltechwire.com)
  • It is understood that human milk provides benefits to babies as they develop, particularly in its ability to help protect babies from a variety of infections. (nyas.org)
  • Although preventing blood exposures is the primary means of preventing occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, appropriate postexposure management is an important element of workplace safety. (cdc.gov)
  • Recently we studied why upon enterovirus infection very divergent disease courses can be detected, ranging from mild symptoms to severe myocarditis. (twincore.de)
  • 17 We further note that low concentration levels of TMPRSS2 are observed in children and infants, possibly explaining lower risks of severe COVID-19 infections in younger age groups. (rsc.org)
  • In rare cases, other severe sequelae of coxsackievirus B infection develop, including meningitis and carditis. (medscape.com)
  • Here we summarize the factors of variability that we identified in murine lung infection models used for antimicrobial efficacy testing, as well as the workshop presentations, panel discussions and the survey results for the harmonization of key experimental parameters. (frontiersin.org)
  • Such evolution may be explained by different phenomena, the most evident being that many helminths undertake specific multiorgan migratory trajectories before reaching their final destination such as the lung, intestine, liver, or blood vessels where they can persist and cause chronic infections. (hindawi.com)
  • Vesicle nucleation depends on a class III phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) complex formed by Beclin 1, Vps34 and other proteins. (invivogen.com)
  • A likely explanation is definitely that both the fusion events at the plasma membrane and vesicle scission depend on dynamin. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Even though virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a relatively rare event, it causes high morbidity and mortality. (twincore.de)
  • Given estimates of the infection mortality rate of 0.4 to 1.4% ( ref. 3-5 ) the virus has the potential to kill tens of millions of people unless efficient vaccines or drugs are available. (rsc.org)
  • Monocyte differentiation required infectious VSV, but loss of CD14+ cells was also associated with the presence of a cytokine/chemokine milieu produced in response to VSV infection. (karger.com)
  • In regions of temperate climate, the infection is seasonal, with about 90% of infections occurring in the summer and early fall, and sometimes infections occur in epidemics. (medscape.com)
  • Virus release was evaluated in a murine cell line (L929). (karger.com)
  • The compounds were tested in vitro against SARS-CoV-2, as well as against a common cold virus (HCoV 229E) and murine hepatitis virus (MHV). (wraltechwire.com)
  • Infection by a given virus can cause diverse neurological outcomes and disease pathologies, influenced by the genetic background of the host. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • We established an infection style of murine epidermal bed sheets to investigate the contribution of the receptors, and used an experimental environment that allows the virus to enter the basal level of the skin. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Wet contact times for chlorine range from 2 minutes to 10 minutes depending on the microbe/virus. (cdc.gov)
  • however, a negative result does not exclude infection due to the low virus titer during infection depending on the timing of sample collection. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, neutrophils that remain at the site of infection for more than three hours show not only higher phagocytic activity but also lower proliferation of ingested bacteria, compared to recently recruited cells. (sfi-dgfi-2023.fr)
  • Therefore, neutrophils that have already spent several hours at the site of infection are better able to control infection than newly recruited cells. (sfi-dgfi-2023.fr)
  • 11 Guidance documents on use of these compounds for environmental and healthcare infection control in the context of the Ebola preparedness and response in the United States have recently been published. (cdc.gov)
  • Their clinical presentations vary, depending on the type of enzyme defect and the glycoprotein accumulated. (medscape.com)
  • Ex vivo infection of PBLs with VSV elicited upregulated expression of RIG-I, MDA-5, tetherin, IFITM3, and MxA . (karger.com)
  • When we infected murine main dermal fibroblasts which were deficient in nectin-1, illness was slower, suggesting that HVEM is definitely a less efficient receptor. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The speedy lack of nectin-1 from the top of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts upon an infection facilitates this assumption [3, 4]. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Characterization of the uptake pathway in murine epidermis shows that HSV-1 enters into epidermal sheets, principal epidermal keratinocytes and principal dermal fibroblasts, both by direct fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane and endocytic vesicles [3, 4]. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Keratinocytes will be the major cellular enter the epidermis so when cultured murine principal keratinocytes that expressed neither HVEM nor nectin-1 had been examined, almost no infected cells were observed [3]. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • 2018). Furthermore, we analyzed how liver resident Kupffer cells and infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells react upon hepatic infection (Borst et al. (twincore.de)
  • Their effectiveness, however, will depend upon expression of the TAA in appropriate antigen-presenting cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Acquiring a murine biosensor that changes fluorescence upon UV illumination allowed us to distinguish cells based on the timing of their immigration. (sfi-dgfi-2023.fr)
  • Intranasal Light Therapy would accelerate recovery during this rehabilitation because it is known to accelerate the proliferation of white blood cells for fighting the infections. (thelifelight.info)
  • The incidence of coxsackievirus B infection in neonates is 1 in 2000 live births. (medscape.com)
  • Hence, our results provide evidence for the involvement of Ac and ceramide in controlling P. yoelii infection by regulating red blood cell development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nectin-1 is a Ca2+-independent cell-cellular adhesion molecule mixed up in development of adherens junctions, and is expressed through the entire murine epidermis [5]. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • In these studies, we have demonstrated the involvement of cellular receptors during HSV-1 entry into murine epidermis and compared the entry pathways into the two major cell types of pores and skin. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Phenotypically, neutrophils differ, depending on infiltration time, in the expression of markers related to activation and aging of the cell. (sfi-dgfi-2023.fr)
  • This raises further questions, such as why a short-lived and supposedly fully differentiated cell type needs several hours to become effective in fighting infection. (sfi-dgfi-2023.fr)
  • Differential expression of TLRs depends on placental cell types and gestational age. (springer.com)
  • Our findings to date demonstrate the value of the CC resource for studying how viral infection can cause different neurological outcomes depending on host genetic background. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • Memory inflation following adenoviral vaccination depends on IL-21. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Assessments of the risk for infection resulting from the exposure and of the infectivity of the exposure source are key determinants of offering PEP. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Karol further states that the text should indicate that the effect of chlorine depends on the concentration and route of exposure and on the age of the child. (cdc.gov)
  • Response: The previous section indicates that effects of chlorine in the air depend on the concentration and duration of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • After their arrival in the infected tissue, neutrophils appear to adapt to the infection and improve their control over the course of several hours. (sfi-dgfi-2023.fr)
  • Cleaning and disinfection, along with other infection control measures like hand hygiene and isolation precautions, are important ways to help stop the spread of ebolaviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • 1-8 This guidance primarily aims to address infection prevention and control practices in areas where chlorine solutions are primarily used for disinfection and antisepsis but are not standardized and can vary widely in concentration and source. (cdc.gov)
  • Soap and water or alcohol-based hand rubs are preferred (see WHO Guideline on Hand Hygiene in Health Care, 2009 [PDF - 270 pages] and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee's Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings, 2002 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Since C. neoformans thrives in environments and its optimal growth temperature is 25-30°C, it needs to adapt to heat stress in order to cause infection in mammalian hosts. (bvsalud.org)