Murine b cell specific activator protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Secreted by leukocytes, respectively fibroblasts, IFNα IFNβ together regulate antiviral immunity, cell proliferation and anti-tumor effects. (wikipedia.org)
Protein kinase B (also known as AKT) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are central regulators of T cell differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. (nih.gov)
The proliferation of mesangial cells and endothelial cells with glomerular deposits of immunoglobulin A and complement 3 was found. (bvsalud.org)
This study investigated the effect of acylated synthetic ghrelin (AG) on the survival and proliferation of human chemosensitive ovarian cancer cells (A2780) and explored some mechanisms of action with a focus on the p53 apoptotic pathway and PI3K/Akt and NF- κ B survival pathways. (hindawi.com)
However, while AG treatment had no effect on control cell viability, it significantly increased cell viability and proliferation and inhibited cell death in Cis-treated cells. (hindawi.com)
Among them and over decades of research, it was shown that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is one of the most frequently hyperactive pathways in OC as well as other types of solid tumors and is associated with increased cell growth, proliferation, migration, protein synthesis, survival, and chemotherapy resistance [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
The TAL1/SCL transcription factor regulates cell cycle progression and proliferation in differentiating murine bone marrow monocyte precursors. (nih.gov)
New antitumor strategies using drugs targeted to intracellular signaling involved in cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis have become promising in recent years. (researchgate.net)
We have recently demonstrated that a natural dietary supplement BreastDefend (BD), which contains extracts from medicinal mushrooms (Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus linteus), medicinal herbs (Scutellaria barbata, Astragalus membranaceus, Curcuma longa), and purified biologically active nutritional compounds (diindolylmethane and quercetin), inhibits proliferation and metastatic behavior of MDA-MB-231 invasive human breast cancer cells in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits, vegetables, leaves and grains inhibited proliferation of invasive breast cancer cells and its combination with other polyphenols further suppressed tumor growth and site-specific metastasis ( 15 , 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Human Granulocyte-Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), a 20 kDa glycoprotein containing internal disulfide bonds, induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. (sydlabs.com)

STAT proteins are a common part of Janus kinase (JAK)- signalling pathways, activated by cytokines.STAT4 is required for the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ production in response to IL-12. (wikipedia.org)
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a major structural adaptor protein governing signaling complex formation and cytoskeletal dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
It was developed to stimulate the AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) activity. (biotechpeptides.com)
The AMP-activated protein kinase is an enzyme and a protein that may play a regulatory role in several metabolic pathways. (biotechpeptides.com)
and transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity. (nih.gov)
G-CSF functions through the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal transduction pathway. (sydlabs.com)
Furthermore, various other mechanisms have been HCV Protease supplier proposed by which CD40 leads to cytokine production, like protein kinase B (Akt) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B (NF-B) signaling pathways [55].2. (pteninhibitor.com)
These proteins, ROP18 (a Toxoplasma -secreted kinase) and ROP5 (a family of secreted pseudokinases), cooperatively block the murine interferon-gamma (IFN)γ-induced immunity related GTPases (IRGs), thereby preventing destruction of the vacuole in which the parasite lives. (saeijlab.com)

During chronic inflammation, IL-23/STAT4 signalling pathway is involved in the induction of differentiation and expansion of Th17 pro-inflammatory T helper cells. (wikipedia.org)
FoxO1 functioned as a transcriptional activator of PD-1 that promoted the differentiation of terminally exhausted CTLs. (nih.gov)
Here we present SR1001, a high-affinity synthetic ligand-the first in a new class of compound-that is specific to both RORα and RORγt and which inhibits T H 17 cell differentiation and function. (nature.com)
Our data demonstrate the feasibility of targeting the orphan receptors RORα and RORγt to inhibit specifically T H 17 cell differentiation and function, and indicate that this novel class of compound has potential utility in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. (nature.com)
McGeachy, M. J. & Cua, D. J. Th17 cell differentiation: The long and winding road. (nature.com)
The orphan nuclear receptor RORγt directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17 + T helper cells. (nature.com)
Manel, N., Unutmaz, D. & Littman, D. R. The differentiation of human TH-17 cells requires transforming growth factor-β and induction of the nuclear receptor RORγt. (nature.com)
Zhang, F. P., Meng, G. X. & Strober, W. Interactions among the transcription factors Runx1, RORγt and Foxp3 regulate the differentiation of interleukin 17-producing T cells. (nature.com)
Finally, a number of biologics that target CD4 + T cell differentiation into inflammatory subsets or their byproducts (i.e., cytokines) have shown efficacy in treating patients with IBD ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-12, which is secreted by antigen-presenting cells, acts via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 to promote the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
STAT4 also signals activation of the TF T-bet, a lineage-defining factor for Th1 differentiation, which upregulates the IL-12 receptor, IFN-γ expression, and causes further expansion of Th1 cells (Figure 1 ) ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Critical factors in the differentiation of effector Th cells during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (frontiersin.org)
CD80/86-CD28 interaction and others), these signals initiate a program of cell division and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, cytokines induced during early stages of IBD, play important roles in differentiation of interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing Th1 cells as well as IL-17-producing Th17 cells. (frontiersin.org)
However, the tumour cells have undergone hypermutation, 21 23 a feature of the GC reaction during B-cell activation and differentiation. (bmj.com)
When the cells were plated at more than 8000 cells per well, marked enhancement and acceleration of the differentiation were observed. (elsevierpure.com)
We subsequently discuss how β-TCP can regulate osteogenic processes to aid bone repair/healing, namely osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, formation of blood vessels, release of angiogenic growth factors, and blood clot formation. (frontiersin.org)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
The human ETS (E26 Transformation-Specific) protein family is a diverse group of 27 known transcription factors that regulate such varied cellular processes as differentiation and apoptosis, but also appear to induce oncogenesis when mutated or aberrantly expressed [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines. (sydlabs.com)
In this study, we examined the potential of SF extract (SFE) to inhibit receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) -induced osteoclast differentiation in cultured mouse-derived bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). (biomedcentral.com)

The knockdown of Rev-erbα in osteoclast precursor cells enhanced receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation, as well as expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). (molcells.org)
To study the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in osteoclastogenesis of the murine monocytic cell line RAW264.7, which can differentiate into osteoclast-like cells in the presence of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), we treated the cells with specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK, PD169316 and SB203580, and specific inhibitors of MAPK extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK), U0126 and PD98059. (elsevierpure.com)
RANKL binds specifically to receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (RANK) that mediates osteoclastogenesis by subsequent signal transduction to intracellular molecules through the TRAF6 adaptor protein. (biomedcentral.com)

SR1001 binds specifically to the ligand-binding domains of RORα and RORγt, inducing a conformational change within the ligand-binding domain that encompasses the repositioning of helix 12 and leads to diminished affinity for co-activators and increased affinity for co-repressors, resulting in suppression of the receptors' transcriptional activity. (nature.com)
mRNA of ghrelin receptors(GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b), as well as, protein levels of GHS-R1a, were expressed abundantly in A2780 cells. (hindawi.com)
Interactions between L-selectin and chemoattractant receptors were therefore examined using transfected rat basophilic leukemia cell lines (RBL-2H3) that expressed human L-selectin along with human leukocyte chemoattractant receptors. (upenn.edu)
The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)
Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
1996 Using CHO cells transfected with the cloned rat or human NTSR2 cDNA levocabastine and SR 48692 can mobilize intracellular Ca2+ Wnt-C59 more intensively than NTS agonists and phosphorylate Erk1/2 suggesting that NTSR1 and NTSR2 receptors present distinct functional characteristics (Botto et al. (cancer8.info)
The immunological stimulant TSST-1 used within this study leads to nonspecific binding of major histocompatibility Atg4 drug complicated class II (MHC II) with T cell receptors, resulting in polyclonal T cell activation, stimulation of mononuclear cells, and improved cytokine production [48, 49]. (pteninhibitor.com)
In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB 1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. (degruyter.com)
Both CB 1 and CB 2 receptors, which share a low level (44%) of sequence homology [6], are G protein-coupled receptors that mainly signal via G i /G o proteins, even though they may also activate G s , G q/11 , and G protein-independent signaling pathways [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
The existence of specific receptors for plant-derived molecules in mammalian cells initiated a search for specific endogenous ligands. (degruyter.com)
These 2 members mediate leukocyte adhesions to endothelial cells but they also serve as receptors for iC3b (inactivated C3b). (medscape.com)

Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 is produced in heterodimer form by B cells and antigen-presenting cells. (wikipedia.org)
T helper cells recognize antigen presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex II on antigen-presenting cells in a T cell receptor-dependent fashion (not shown). (frontiersin.org)
T cells recognize antigens presented to them by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-presenting cells via the TCRs expressed on their surface. (hindawi.com)
CD40 is usually a costimulatory protein located on antigen presenting cells and is necessary for their activationOxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity [52, 53]. (pteninhibitor.com)
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) expressed on lymphocytes is known to play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking (adhesion to vascular endothelium), as well as interactions to antigen presenting cells (APC). (medscape.com)

In these studies, CD4 + T cell-depleting and blocking antibodies caused remission from disease in a number of CD and UC patients examined, suggesting a prominent role of CD4 + T cells in propagating disease ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

Such treatment was associated with upregulation of invasion- and inflammation-promoting soluble factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), its activator MMP14, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), the latter two being linked to the recruitment of the monocytic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
These data highlight that ESE-1 contains NLS and NES signals that play a critical role in regulating its subcellular localization and function, and that an intact SAR domain mediates MEC transformation exclusively in the cytoplasm, via a novel nontranscriptional mechanism, whereby the SAR motif is accessible for ligand and/or protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) are two cytokines secreted mainly by osteoclast. (biomedcentral.com)
This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, SR1001 inhibited the expression of cytokines when added to differentiated murine or human T H 17 cells. (nature.com)
Given the importance of CD4 + Th cells in the disease process, this review will focus on how Th cells differentiate in the inflamed intestinal tract during IBD and how the Th lineage-specific cytokines and transcription factors (TFs) contribute to disease. (frontiersin.org)
Natural-killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes that have cytotoxic properties in addition to their ability to produce cytokines that assist in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Neutrophils move to the site of invasion by means of chemotaxis, which occurs in response to microbial products, activated complement proteins, and cytokines. (medscape.com)
Many tumor microenvironments, including lymphoma and carcinoma, are enriched in immune suppressive cells that contribute to immune exhaustion by means expression of inhibitory ligands, suppressive cytokines, and tumor-promoting factors. (researchgate.net)
We discuss the rationale of various anti-fibrogenic treatment strategies targeting the clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, aberrant signaling pathways, fibrogenic cytokines, and the tumor microenvironment. (haematologica.org)

Chemotaxis of neutrophils involves movement of pseudopodia and polymerization of cytoskeletal proteins or actin. (medscape.com)
In my laboratory researchers are examining the roles played by axonal cytoskeletal proteins in nervous system development, and in the etiology of Alzheimer's and other related neurodegenerative diseases. (uml.edu)

To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

Here, we show that during chronic murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, activation of AKT and mTOR are impaired in antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), resulting in enhanced activity of the transcription factor FoxO1. (nih.gov)
A recognizable differ from C to G at placement ?137 altered the histone H4 gene-specific transcription factor-1 (H4TF-1) nuclear factor binding site [13] (Desk 1). (cancer-pictures.org)

Via direct actions on cancer cells and indirect actions on the tumor microenvironment, radiation has the potential to enhance epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Malignant tumors consist of cancer cells and tumor-associated host cells, both participating in invasion and distant metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Metastatic cancer cells are released from the primary tumor or from other metastases, at an undefined moment of its development, to arrive in the circulation and home at distant sites, where the ecosystem permits them to survive and either remain dormant as micro-metastases or grow to form macro-metastases (Mareel et al. (biomedcentral.com)
There is good evidence that cancer cells disseminate from the primary site early during tumor development (Hosseini et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Such cells are described as disseminated tumor cells (DTC) (Sosa et al. (biomedcentral.com)
2014 ) or sometimes as circulating tumor cells (CTC) (Kim et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxia stimulates hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent expression of CXCL12 and KITL promoting mobilization from the bone marrow and recruitment to primary tumor and metastatic sites of CXCR4 + CD11b + bone marrow-derived cells and KITbCD11b + cells assisting vasculogenesis and metastasis respectively (Kuonen et al. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells primarily produce interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that, respectively, activate macrophages and direct cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses, that in turn promote elimination of intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
The antibody is specific for human-RANK-L. RANKL is a tumor necrosis factor related protein that binds to, and activates, the TNF receptor related protein Receptor Activator of NF-kB (RANK). (absoluteantibody.com)
2003 The NTS/NTSR3 complex has been shown to phosphorylate both Erk1/2 and Akt kinases in a murine microglial cell line (Dicou 2008 NEUROTENSIN/NEUROTENSIN RECEPTOR COMPLEX AND Malignancy BIOLOGY Few years after its discovery high-level expression of NTS was found in the plasma of pancreatic tumor patients (Gutniak et al. (cancer8.info)
2012 The development promoting actions of NTS continues to be seen in pancreatic tumor cell lines both and and receptor synthesis a couple of hours after agonist removal (Souaze and Forgez 2006 Rules et al. (cancer8.info)

These cells form ecosystems at the primary and at the metastatic site, mutually communicating with one another and with stem cell-generating organs such as the bone marrow. (biomedcentral.com)
The original format of the antibody promoted the inhibition of human sRANKL-stimulated bone marrow murine osteoclastogenesis in cell culture. (absoluteantibody.com)
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that differentiate from hematopoietic cells and possess characteristics responsible for bone resorption. (elsevierpure.com)
Although bone marrow fibrosis is seen in a variety of malignant and non-malignant disease states, the deposition of reticulin and collagen fibrosis in the bone marrow of patients with myelofibrosis is believed to be mediated by the myelofibrosis hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, contributing to an impaired microenvironment favoring malignant over normal hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
The specific effect on bone marrow fibrosis of JAK2 inhibition, and other rationally based therapies currently being evaluated in myelofibrosis, has yet to be fully elucidated. (haematologica.org)
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative therapeutic approach that reliably results in resolution of bone marrow fibrosis in patients with myelofibrosis. (haematologica.org)
The main challenge for large bone defect repair and regeneration remains the inadequate recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), reduced vascularization, and decreased growth factors stimulation within the scaffold construct to support cell viability and tissue growth. (frontiersin.org)
However, conflicting results indicate the clinical use of β-TCP for bone repair remains questionable in several specific experiment models. (frontiersin.org)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
Osteoclasts are specialized as the only bone-resorbing cell type and increased numbers are implicated in the development of bone loss-accompanied diseases such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteosarcoma, and bone cancer metastases [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Human as well murine STAT4 genes lie next to STAT1 gene locus suggesting that the genes arose by gene duplication. (wikipedia.org)
SR1001 modulates the expression of ROR target genes by decreasing co-activator recruitment. (nature.com)
We describe the first report of RNA sequencing of 5' capped (Pol II) RNAs isolated from acutely hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh 7.5 cells that provides a general approach to identifying differentially expressed annotated and unannotated genes that participate in viral-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
20%), including a number of genes with confirmed or likely roles in virulence and ompC , a gene encoding an outer membrane protein, which has also been found to be under positive selection in other bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequencing and evolutionary analyses of four genes in an additional 42 isolates representing 23 serotypes confirmed branch specific positive selection and recombination patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data show that, among the four serotypes analyzed, (i) less than 10% of Salmonella genes in the core genome show evidence for homologous recombination, (ii) a number of Salmonella genes are under positive selection, including genes that appear to contribute to virulence, and (iii) branch specific positive selection contributes to the evolution of host restricted Salmonella serotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)
Human airway epithelial cells exposed to influenza A virus (IAV) induced several novel miRNAs that were identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and their target genes by biochemical methods. (cdc.gov)

Other suppressors of the pathways are: protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PAIS) (regulation of transcriptional activity in the nucleus, observed in STAT4-DNA binding complex), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) (removal of phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine in JAK/STAT pathway proteins), STAT-interacting LIM protein (SLIM) (STAT ubiquitin E3 ligase blocking the phosphorylation of STAT4) or microRNA (miRNA) (degradation of STAT4 mRNA and its post-transcriptional regulation). (wikipedia.org)
BOB.1 mission is to increase transcriptional activity of such proteins. (samatashkhis.com)

However, the effect of MEK inhibitors on osteoclastogenesis varied according to the initial cell density during culture, because cell growth was clearly inhibited by them. (elsevierpure.com)

Together, our work demonstrates ILK as necessary for normal oligodendrocyte development, reinforces its role as a bridge between the actin cytoskeleton and cell membrane, and highlights the overarching compensatory capacity of oligodendrocytes in response to cellular milieu. (jneurosci.org)
ILK forms an obligate heterotrimeric complex with particularly interesting Cys-His-rich protein (PINCH) and parvin, which together lend stability to the actin cytoskeleton at focal adhesions ( Brakebusch and Fässler, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)

Lastly, while currently available outcomes of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which manipulate the T cells such as calcineurin inhibitors indicate that they are at least as efficacious and safe as conventional immunosuppressants in treating lupus glomerulonephritis, larger clinical trials are undoubtedly required to validate these as-yet favourable findings. (hindawi.com)

CD4 + T cells are enriched in lesional tissue from patients with CD and UC and blockade or depletion of CD4 + T is effective in treating patients with IBD. (frontiersin.org)
Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this review, we introduce the broad application of β-TCP in tissue engineering and discuss the different approaches that β-TCP scaffolds are customized, including physical modification (e.g., pore size, porosity and roughness) and the incorporation of metal ions, other materials (e.g., bioactive glass) and stem cells (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells). (frontiersin.org)
This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)

Collectively, this study shows that CTLs adapt to persistent infection through a positive feedback pathway (PD-1?FoxO1?PD-1) that functions to both desensitize virus-specific CTLs to antigen and support their survival during chronic viral infection. (nih.gov)
TM cells activate protective unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway to eliminate abnormal protein accumulation. (unthsc.edu)
In our preliminary studies, we discovered that increased ATF4 or CHOP is associated with impaired autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway in the TM of human and murine glaucoma. (unthsc.edu)
In conclusion the signaling pathway brought about by Wnt-C59 NTSR2 is certainly cell-dependent and generally predicated on its overexpression. (cancer8.info)
In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)

Widespread domain present in Gyp6 and Gyp7, thereby giving rise to the notion that it performs a GTP-activator activity on Rab-like GTPases. (embl.de)
We are investigating this co-evolution of ROP5 with these GTPases from different mouse and rat strains with the goal of linking host differences in susceptibility to specific Toxoplasma strains with specific ROP5-GTPase combinations. (saeijlab.com)

During development, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs) that extend processes to contact multiple axons of CNS neurons. (jneurosci.org)

The rhoptry proteins ROP18 and ROP5 mediate Toxoplasma gondii evasion of the murine, but not the human, interferon-gamma response. (saeijlab.com)

IL9 functions through the IL-9 receptor, which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thus connects this pleiotropic cytokine to various biological processes. (goldbio.com)

The protein concentration was determined utilizing a Bio Rad protein assay kit. (wee1signaling.com)
Additionally, put-miR-34 and put-miR-35 showed a high fold enrichment in an argonaute-immunoprecipitation assay compared to the controls, indicating their ability to form a complex with argonaute protein and RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which is a typical mode of action found with miRNAs. (cdc.gov)

The ~200 amino acid TBC/rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain is well conserved across species and has been found in a wide range of different proteins from plant adhesion molecules to mammalian oncogenes. (embl.de)

STAT proteins are key activators of gene transcription which bind to DNA in response to cytokine gradient. (wikipedia.org)
In cells with progressively increasing expression of IL12 and IL6, SOCSs production and activity suppress cytokine signalling and phosphorylation of JAK-STAT pathways in a negative feedback loop. (wikipedia.org)
IL9 was originally identified as a cytokine found in the conditioned medium of a human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLVI) transformed T-cell line. (goldbio.com)
In the present study, we aimed to delineate the influence of those drugs on cytokine production by T and B cells. (pteninhibitor.com)
As a result, we utilized specific stimulators, known to induce cytokine production in T and B cells. (pteninhibitor.com)
The three types have been shown to differ widely in a number of phenotypes in mice such as virulence, persistence, migratory capacity, attraction of different cell-types and induction of cytokine expression. (saeijlab.com)

The insulin receptor (IR) and JAK1 tyrosine kinases and STAT3 can serve as direct substrates for the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). (diabetesjournals.org)
Toxoplasma and Plasmodium protein kinases: roles in invasion and host cell remodelling. (saeijlab.com)

Challenge of rGMCs with 1 or 10 μM HgCl 2 or Pb 2 acetate increased HSPA5 mRNA and protein levels. (bioone.org)
AG treatment did not affect the mRNA and protein levels of GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b in both control and Cis-treated cells. (hindawi.com)
ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNA and protein levels were much higher in the ocular tissues of Tyrp-1-TAg mice than in control ocular tissues from wild-type mice. (molvis.org)

This phenomenon qualified prospects to sensitizing cells towards the neurotensinergic signal permanently. (cancer8.info)
It is frequently associated with other domains typical for proteins in signal transduction processes. (embl.de)
In a PCR array analysis of 84 transcription factors, either overexpressing DEFB1 or siRNA silencing of DEFB1 expression significantly modulated the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (cdc.gov)

Recent compelling evidence has demonstrated that T cells are actually crucial in the pathogenesis of SLE in that they enhance the production of autoantibodies by offering substantial help to B cells through stimulating the latter to differentiate, proliferate, and mature, in addition to their support on class-switching of autoantibodies which B cells are expressing [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

These studies will further explore the possibility of treating glaucoma using Tat-beclin 1 peptide in degradation of abnormal protein accumulation. (unthsc.edu)
Environmental injury has been associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a response characterized by activation of the unfolded protein response, proteasomal degradation of proteins, and induction of HSPA5, also known as GRP78 or BiP. (bioone.org)
Even when released, they remain largely membrane associated due to their hydrophobic nature and can be taken up by cells via a high-affinity uptake mechanism [ 23 ], which is followed by their enzymatic degradation. (degruyter.com)

Recent evidence implicates monocytes/macrophages in the etiopathology of cardiac fibrosis, but giving their heterogeneity and the antagonizing roles of macrophage subtypes in fibrosis, targeting these cells has been challenging. (nature.com)
More recently, specific food components have been identified which are uniquely beneficial in mitigating the risk of specific cancer subtypes. (mdpi.com)
Despite the results of recent studies failing to demonstrate a large inverse association between produce consumption and overall cancer risk [ 6 ], the benefits of key nutrition components unique to plant foods, may still prove beneficial in reducing individual risk and may mitigate the risk of specific cancer subtypes. (mdpi.com)
Currently, 18 subtypes have been reported: 12 are type I (dysfunctional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor synthesis), and 6 are type II (dysfunctional trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide), including leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (CDG-IIc). (medscape.com)

Among the different complement proteins, the opsonins C3 and C4 have a protector thioester radical. (samatashkhis.com)
Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)

The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)

Monocytes, activated dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages stimulate the accumulation of IL-23 after exposure to molecules of Gram-positive/negative bacteria or viruses. (wikipedia.org)
The original format of the antibody blocked the maturation of cells treated with sRANKL, the antibody specifically inhibits the functional activity of RANKL induction of dendritic cells maturation. (absoluteantibody.com)
Other cellular components of the innate immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. (medscape.com)

Blockade of inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in vivo increased mTOR activity in virus-specific CTLs, and its therapeutic effects were abrogated by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. (nih.gov)
In some cases, cisplatin+AG-treated cells were pre-incubated either with [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a ghrelin receptor antagonist, or with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. (hindawi.com)
Western blotting Subconfluent cells were lysed at 41C for 30 min using lysis buffer containing 10mM Tris HCl, 1 Triton X 100, and 150mM NaCl having a finish protease inhibitor cocktail and a phosphate inhibitor cocktail. (wee1signaling.com)

STAT proteins have six functional domains: 1. (wikipedia.org)

Based on these findings, we hypothesize that during ocular chronic ER stress, the balance between pro-cell death ATF4 and CHOP and pro-survival corrective autophagic pathways determine glaucomatous TM disease progression. (unthsc.edu)
Omega-3 hastens and omega-6 delays the progression of neuropathology in a murine model of familial ALS. (uml.edu)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)

Gene RepressorB cell lymphoma 6 proteins (Bcl6) was proven to repress the gene. (cancer-pictures.org)
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy with endemic, sporadic and immunodeficiency-associated variants. (bmj.com)
1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)

In resting human T cells it is expressed at very low levels, but its production is amplified by PHA stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
Here we focus on WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that acts as a positive genetic regulator of human and murine cardiac fibrosis, and show that myeloid specific deletion of WWP2 reduces cardiac fibrosis in hypertension-induced NICM. (nature.com)
These studies will utilize cultured human TM cells, mouse models of glaucoma and human anterior segment organ culture model to examine the interactions between ATF4, CHOP and autophagy in TM mediated IOP regulation. (unthsc.edu)
anti-human Caspase 3 rabbit polyclonal antibody purified from rabbit anti-serum by Protein A chromatography. (samatashkhis.com)
Human A2780 ovarian cancer cells were cultured with or without AG treatment in the presence or absence of cisplatin. (hindawi.com)
Orthologous to human CSRNP3 (cysteine and serine rich nuclear protein 3). (nih.gov)
The original antibody was generated by immunizing CB6 f1 mice with human RANKL protein. (absoluteantibody.com)
In the present study, we evaluated whether BD suppresses growth and breast-to lung cancer metastasis in an orthotopic model of human breast cancer cells implanted in mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
BreastDefend™ (BD) is a polybotanical dietary supplement which inhibits growth and invasive behavior of highly metastatic human breast cancer cells in vitro ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The finding that yeast Rab GAPs share homology with proteins in other species, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and human, suggests the existence of a conserved Rab GAP family. (embl.de)
2004 In CHO cells transfected with human NTSR2 cDNA both NTSR1 antagonists SR48692 and SR142948A enhance inositol Wnt-C59 phosphate (IP) formation with subsequent [Ca2+] immobilization induce arachidonic acidity discharge and stimulate MAPK activity. (cancer8.info)
2002 In the human microglial cell line C13NJ NTSR3 is the only known endogenous NTS receptor. (cancer8.info)
The ER81 ETS protein, for example, is activated in human breast cancer cells by the oncoprotein HER-2, resulting in over-expression of the prosurvival telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Overexpression of one ETS protein in particular, the epithelium-specific ETS factor ESE-1, is implicated in human mammary transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
There are two forms, 174- and 180-amino-acid, of the natural human G-CSF protein. (sydlabs.com)
The structure of the recombinant human G-CSF protein expressed in E. coli, such as filgrastim, differs slightly from those of the natural glycoprotein and the recombinant human G-CSF protein expressed in mammalian cells such as CHO cells. (sydlabs.com)
PEGylation (polyethylene glycol) significantly extends half-life of the recombinant human G-CSF protein. (sydlabs.com)
Murine anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3 (muromonab-CD3) binds towards the T cell receptor CD3 complex and is an established T cell activator [50]. (pteninhibitor.com)
5C3 monoclonal antibody which reacts with human CD40 is reported to activate B cells in in vitro functional assays [51]. (pteninhibitor.com)
Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)
The expression patterns of these putative miRNAs were further confirmed using RT-PCR in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to H1N1, H9N1(1P10), and H9N1 (1WF10) strains of influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
The "self"-protein albumin in mouse airway fluid was uniquely modified by GSH-MDI at position 414K, a preferred site of MDI reactivity on human albumin. (cdc.gov)

However chronic ER stress leads to induction of terminal UPR signals including ATF4 and CHOP that are known to induce cell death. (unthsc.edu)

26 27 In contrast, the chromosomal breakpoint in sBL and HIV-associated BL occurs most commonly in the class switch region, 28 but since both somatic hypermutation and class switching are events that are normally confined to GC B cells and GC centroblast markers are expressed on BL cells, the BL progenitor cells most likely arise from B cells subjected to chromosomal rearrangements in the GC. (bmj.com)

This antibody detects both active and inactive forms of Caspase-3 protein. (samatashkhis.com)
The antibody is useful for studying the phenomenon of cell death by apoptosis as a pathogenic mechanism of numerous pathologies: nerve damage, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, AIDS and malignancies. (samatashkhis.com)
NK cells are specialized effectors of the innate immune system that destroy their targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, have prominent antitumor effects, and are potent killers of virally infected cells. (medscape.com)
Finally, using a monoclonal antibody targeting the SAR domain, we demonstrate that the SAR domain contains a region accessible for protein - protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)

By using single cell RNA sequencing analysis of immune cells in the same model, we establish the functional heterogeneity of macrophages and define an early pro-fibrogenic phase of NICM that is driven by Ccl5- expressing Ly6c high monocytes. (nature.com)

Littman, D. R. & Rudensky, A. Y. Th17 and regulatory T cells in mediating and restraining inflammation. (nature.com)
Many subsets of CD4 + T cells have been identified as players in perpetuating chronic intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex set of diseases that includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), each with multiple bacterial, immune, and non-immune cell types contributing to inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for the "helpless" B cells to become functional enough to trigger SLE-related inflammation. (hindawi.com)
Recently, a number of phenotypic and functional alterations which increase the propensity to trigger lupus-related inflammation have been identified in lupus T cells. (hindawi.com)
Peripheral blood leukocytes undergo a sequence of activation that leads to migration of cells into the site of inflammation. (medscape.com)

SFE inhibited the RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). (biomedcentral.com)

However, there are a number of lines of evidence that suggest that CD4 + T helper cells are major initiators in the disease process. (frontiersin.org)
Bcl6 was originally defined as a individual proto-oncogene [16] and was lately proven a professional regulator of follicular helper Compact disc4+ T cells [17]. (cancer-pictures.org)
Interleukin-9 (IL9) is encoded by the IL9 gene and is produced by T-cells and specifically by CD4+ helper cells. (goldbio.com)
IL9 can support the growth of IL2 independent and IL4 independent helper T-cells. (goldbio.com)

SR1001 inhibited the development of murine T H 17 cells, as demonstrated by inhibition of interleukin-17A gene expression and protein production. (nature.com)
Rat stem-cell leukemia gene expression increased during testis maturation. (nih.gov)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
This subset of transcription factors, known as pioneer transcription factors (PTFs), possess the ability to engage closed chromatin that is not accessible by other types of transcription factors, establish gene expression, and elicit cell reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)

The hearts were perfused in the absence or presence of AICAR, an adenosine analog suggested to activate AMPK and potentially penetrate cells. (biotechpeptides.com)
This finding potentially suggests that ZMP may hypothetically allosterically activate GP, potentially leading to glycogenolysis in the intact murine model heart. (biotechpeptides.com)

Normally, activation of the CB 1 receptor regulates renal vascular hemodynamics and stimulates the transport of ions and proteins in different nephron compartments. (degruyter.com)

These promoter variations had been reported to reveal the protein degrees of IL-18 made by peripheral bloodstream mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthful individuals [15]. (cancer-pictures.org)

Desk 1 SCH 727965 inhibition shows a listing of representative meta-analyses and/or organized reviews of specific diseases. (cancer-pictures.org)

Recruitment of CD11b + CD11c + myelomonocytic cells to the metastatic site was also found after whole thorax irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy of mice that significantly enhanced seeding and metastatic growth of intravenously injected cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Antitumor therapies targeted to reduce the induction, recruitment, or suppressive activities of the immune cells have been investigated. (researchgate.net)

Simultaneously, this has allowed development of therapeutic innovation targeting specific molecules rather than broad immunosuppressive agents. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)

Specific manipulation of the immune system for therapeutic purposes is now possible. (medscape.com)
The adaptive immune system consists of 2 types of lymphocytes: T cells (70-75% of the adaptive immune force) and B cells (10-20% of the adaptive immune force). (medscape.com)
We, and others, established that Toxoplasma virulence caused by high parasite burdens in mice, is largely determined by two proteins that cooperatively block mouse innate immune mechanisms that would otherwise destroy the vacuole in which the parasite lives. (saeijlab.com)

Gene-trap mutagenesis using Mol/MSM-1 embryonic stem cells from MSM/Ms mice. (nih.gov)
For example, extracts or purified compounds from Scutellaria barbata, Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma longa suppressed growth, induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, inhibited breast cancer cell invasiveness and prevented breast cancer metastases in mice ( 11 - 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In the present study, we evaluated toxicity and anti-cancer activities of BD in an animal model of breast-to-lung cancer metastasis with triple-negative highly invasive humane breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 implanted in the mammary pad of nude mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
For these studies we use neurons that are maintained in cell culture as well as genetically-modified strains of mice that are at increased risk for developing neurodegenerative conditions analogous to those observed in humans. (uml.edu)

Stereospecific Effects of Oxygen-to-Sulfur Substitution in DNA Phosphate on Ion Pair Dynamics and Protein-DNA Affinity. (utmb.edu)

In contrast to basic innate immunity, adaptive immunity is specific and depends on antigenic stimulation. (medscape.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms15

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs120

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Proliferation11

Kinase8

Differentiation21

Receptor activator of nuclear3

Receptors12

Antigen-prese5

Antibodies2

Ligand4

Cytokines6

Cytoskeletal proteins2

Intracellular proteins1

Transcription factor2

Tumor11

Bone10

Genes8

Transcriptional activity2

Osteoclastogenesis1

Actin2

Inhibitors1

Tissue4

Pathway5

GTPases2

Precursor cells1

Interferon-gamma1

Activates1

Assay2

Different proteins1

Cytokine6

Kinases2

MRNA3

Signal3

Differentiate1

Degradation3

Subtypes4

Complement3

Immunoglobulin1

Dendritic cells3

Inhibitor3

STAT1

Progression3

Lymphoma3

Human22

Known to induce1

Progenitor1

Antibody4

Macrophages1

Inflammation6

RANKL1

Helper4

Gene expression4

Activate2

Ions1

Mononuclear cells1

Inhibition1

Recruitment2

Molecules3

Immune3

Mice4

Affinity1

Immunity1