• The HPA axis perturbations associated with visceral obesity can be accounted for, in part, by increased environmental stress that destabilizes the hypothalamic-pituitary system in individuals with genetic susceptibility. (medscimonit.com)
  • In a hypothalamic neuronal culture system fluoxetine decreased TRH levels (Jackson et al, 1998) . (poisonfluoride.com)
  • Hubert von Lushka noted the constellation of cardiac, central nervous system, and genitourinary defects and choanal atresia in an infant who died soon after birth in 1859. (ochsnerjournal.org)
  • The endocrine system-the other communication system in the body-is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide processes such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. (medscape.com)
  • Meanwhile, the autonomic nervous system stimulates the suprarenal medulla to secrete hormones such as epinephrine into the bloodstream. (medscape.com)
  • The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands that produce and secrete hormones into the blood stream to reach and act on target cells of specific organs. (medscape.com)
  • The signal (PAF, or other tissue/cell specific factors) comes from the stimulated (by the e.g., hypophyseal hormones, bacteria, external factors, etc.) organs or cells, and activates platelets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The endocrine glands produce hormones, which are distributed by the vascular system to the many body tissues, subsequently these organs are richly vascularized. (edu.au)
  • The fetus also has a unique hormonal system that combines not only its own developing endocrine system, but also that of the corpus luteum, placenta and maternal hormones. (edu.au)
  • GnIH enters the bloodstream via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system, the vascular network supplying both the hypothalamus and the pituitary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dahlström, A. & Fuxe, K. Evidence for existence of monoamine-containing neurons in central nervous system. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, GnIH neuronal cell counts in multiple vertebrates fluctuate with an organism's parental status. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pain originating from the gastrointestinal (GI) system ascends to the brain via the same tri-neuronal pathways that convey noxious somatic stimuli. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some of the receptors are cation channels, which can directly depolarize the nociceptor upon activation, while other receptors activate second messenger systems to change neuronal excitability by changing expression of, or modifying the function of, other cation channels. (frontiersin.org)
  • This travels in the portal system of the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary (the adenohypophysis). (endocrinesurgeon.co.uk)
  • The hypothalamus is a small, yet vitally important, brain region that integrates the body's two communication systems: the endocrine and nervous systems. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The endocrine system resides within specific endocrine organs and both organs and tissues with other specific functions. (edu.au)
  • Abnormal endocrine development/function can impact on many different systems. (edu.au)
  • Alternatively, we now know many environmental and therapeutic chemicals have a wide range of effects on the endocrine system. (edu.au)
  • This current page provides a general introduction to the endocrine system, use the links below to explore development of specific endocrine organs. (edu.au)
  • Interaction between multiple mechanisms and molecular interactions are important factors in development of IR in various organs and systems. (researchsquare.com)
  • This, in turn, affects the excitability of the nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior pituitary is controlled by the nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • 2 , 3 In 1981, after reviewing the cases of 21 children, Pagon et al first proposed the diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome to describe the nonrandom association of ocular coloboma (C), congenital heart defects (H), choanal atresia or stenosis (A), central nervous system/developmental anomalies (R), genital hypoplasia (G), and ear anomalies (E). 4 Since then, several cases and updates have been published. (ochsnerjournal.org)
  • Brain Maps 4.0-Structure of the Rat Brain: An Open Access Atlas with Global Nervous System Nomenclature Ontology and Flatmaps. (neurotree.org)
  • It links the two by sending and receiving signals from other regions of the nervous system while also controlling the body's "master gland"-the pituitary gland. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • However, it is unknown whether the reactivity of this system to stress is altered in pregnant women experiencing depression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The blood supply originates from the superior hypophysial arteries, and arrives at the anterior pituitary via the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system. (endocrinesurgeon.co.uk)
  • It is well known, that platelets have an armament of soluble molecules, factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters in their granules, and have multiple adhesion molecules and receptors on their surface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on clinical and experimental evidences we propose that platelets modulate the function of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore we suggest that platelets are not only a small participant but may be the conductor or active mediator of this complex regulatory system which has several unrevealed mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, the action between multiple mechanisms releases factors that participate in the development of IR. (researchsquare.com)
  • As with nearly any disease, it is likely that multiple environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of insulin resistance. (medscimonit.com)
  • Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Retrospective St. (medscimonit.com)
  • 5 , 8 , 11 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 23 - 25 , 29 Davenport et al published the first review of external ear malformations and suggested the existence of anomalies in every segment of the auditory system. (ochsnerjournal.org)
  • Assessment of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), activity-dependent neurotrophin protein (ADNP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentrations in treatment-naïve humans with multiple sclerosis. (nel.edu)
  • Kochanowski J, Uchman D, Litwiniuk A, Kalisz M, Wolinska-Witort E, Martynska L, Baranowska B, Bik W. Assessment of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), activity-dependent neurotrophin protein (ADNP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentrations in treatment-naïve humans with multiple sclerosis. (nel.edu)
  • There is a literature review on the role of the interactions of stress, the endocrine system, and the brain in both goldfish and humans to stage the hypotheses in question, ultimately predicting a decline in cognition in fish exposed to the anxiolytics unless they are also presented with exogenous stress. (ufl.edu)
  • The posterior pituitary is controlled by the nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • Release of hormones into the circulation of the posterior pituitary occurs following various neural stimuli and so the functions of this portion of the neuroendocrine system is characterized by reflexes with neural input and hormonal output. (tomsk.ru)
  • Which of the following hormones is/are likely to be found at high concentrations in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system? (physiologyweb.com)
  • Alterations in the development of this neuroendocrine system lead to anomalous or absent GnRH secretion, resulting in heterogeneous reproductive disorders such as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) or other conditions characterized by infertility or subfertility. (karger.com)
  • However, it is increasingly clear that the immune system also has such an important effect on neuroendocrine regulation that it must now also be considered as a special "diffuse" neuroendocrine component. (tomsk.ru)
  • Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher neighborhood disadvantage was associated with higher levels of hair cortisol levels and that neighborhood satisfaction partially explained this association. (nih.gov)
  • Individuals prone to elevated subgenual PFC activity across multiple contexts may be individuals who consistently show heightened cortisol and may be at risk for stress-related HPA dysregulation. (virginia.edu)
  • Much recent research has focused on the role of semaphorins in the development and adult activity of hormone systems and, reciprocally, how circulating reproductive hormones regulate their expression and function. (karger.com)
  • This approach promises to shed light on the hormonal pathways and their interrelationships, providing knowledge on the integration of hormone systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our report suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection is usually mild and self-limiting in children even those immunocompromised and with multiple endocrinological deficits. (bvsalud.org)
  • These data confirm the relevance of the adrenergic stress system when considering genetic predisposition to alcohol dependence and suggest that SLC6A2 and ADRA2A should be studied in additional alcohol-dependent cohorts. (nih.gov)
  • Collectively, these data demonstrate the importance of endocannabinoid signaling at multiple levels as both a regulator and an effector of the stress response. (nih.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system activation is adaptive in response to stress, and HPA dysregulation occurs in stress-related psychopathology. (virginia.edu)
  • Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) and sex‐specific activation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • We aimed to examine the role of two genes of the adrenergic system (SLC6A2 and ADRA2A) in alcoholism by genotyping 21 SNPs in 785 adult alcohol-dependent patients and 1237 controls. (nih.gov)
  • Plasma chemerin levels in patients with multiple sclerosis. (nel.edu)
  • Furthermore, GnIH neuronal cell counts in multiple vertebrates fluctuate with an organism's parental status. (wikipedia.org)
  • K562 whole cell lysate was run under reducing conditions on SDS PAGE using the Bio-Rad V3 system and transferred to a PVDF membrane. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • The profound knowledge of the complicate process of spermatogenesis and all cells or cell systems involved with is the prerequisite to develop concepts for therapy of male infertility or to handle germ cells in the management of assisted reproduction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using high-resolution F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in rhesus monkeys, we assessed the relation between individual differences in brain activity and HPA function across multiple contexts that varied in stressfulness. (virginia.edu)