• Resistant strains of TB are already present in the population, so MDR-TB can be directly transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, strains of M. tuberculosis that are re- and resistance to all fi rst-line drugs was more frequent (36% sistant to second-line drugs are also emerging. (cdc.gov)
  • As MDR-TB strains are often resistant to one or more second-line anti-TB drugs, in-depth genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing is needed to construct personalised treatment regimens to improve treatment outcomes. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • Here we report that members of the family, ivermectin, selamectin, and moxidectin, are bactericidal against mycobacterial species, including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (nih.gov)
  • This report offers suggestions for evaluating and managing persons (i.e., contacts) who have been exposed to patients with infectious MDR-TB (TB due to strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to both isoniazid {INH} and rifampin {RIF}), provides background information on alternative preventive therapy regimens with drugs other than INH or RIF, and presents considerations relevant to making a decision to offer one of these alternative regimens. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, several M. tuberculosis BDQ resistant mutants were isolated by both MDR strains, harboring mutations in both atpE and Rv0678 genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is a disease caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the 2 most powerful first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (1-3). (who.int)
  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains are serious threats to the control of tuberculosis and comprise an increasing public health problem. (nepjol.info)
  • The study was performed with an objective to compare Genotype MTBDRplus reverse hybridization probe assay (Hain Lifescince, GmBH, Nehern, Germany) with culture based proportion method for rapidly identifying MDR-TB strains from suspected multi drug resistant cases, referred to GENETUP Kathmandu, Nepal. (nepjol.info)
  • A total of 64 MDR isolates (i.e., at least resistant to RMP and INH), 5 fully susceptible strains and 1 RMP sensitive strains by conventional proportion method were analyzed using Genotype MTBDRplus assay. (nepjol.info)
  • The MTBDRplus assay detected 59 of 61 RMP resistant strains (96.72%) with mutations on 81-bp hot spot region of rpoB gene and 60 of 63 INH resistant strains (95.23%) with mutation in codon 315 katG and regulatory region of inhA. (nepjol.info)
  • We selected a laboratory reference strain (H37Rv) and eight Japanese isolates, containing five drug-susceptible strains and three multi-drug-resistant strains, and determined profiles of susceptibility against eight disinfectants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The M. tuberculosis strains were distinguished into two groups by the susceptibility profile. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There was no relationship between multi-drug-resistance and disinfectant-susceptibility in the M. tuberculosis strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • M. tuberculosis strains used in this study are listed in Table 1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • M. tuberculosis strains were cultured in MB broth for 14 days at 37 °C. Optical density at 650 nm (OD 650 ) of each bacterial culture was adjusted to 1.0. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lack of a safe and convenient model organism hampers progress in combating the spread of MDR strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These triple auxotrophic strains retained their acid-fastness, their ability to generate both a drug persistence phenotype and drug-resistant mutants, and their susceptibility to plaque-forming mycobacterial phages. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These M. tuberculosis MDR strains were readily sterilized by second-line tuberculosis drugs and failed to kill immunocompromised mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These strains provide attractive candidates for M. tuberculosis biology studies and drug screening outside the BSL3 facility. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To circumvent the need for a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory when conducting research on M. tuberculosis, we have generated drug-susceptible and drug-resistant triple auxotrophic strains of M. tuberculosis suitable for use in a BSL2 laboratory. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These strains originate from a double auxotrophic M. tuberculosis strain, H37Rv ΔpanCD ΔleuCD, which was reclassified as a BSL2 strain based on its lack of lethality in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The resulting triple auxotrophic M. tuberculosis strains retained characteristics of M. tuberculosis relevant for most types of investigations. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pose a major threat to global tuberculosis control. (wustl.edu)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 600,000 cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/rifampin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis in 2016, defined as strains that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. (wustl.edu)
  • By the end of 2016, 123 countries had reported at least one case of extensively drug-resistant strains, which are MDR-TB strains that have acquired additional resistance to fluoroquinolones and at least one second-line injectable. (wustl.edu)
  • The emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that cause XDR TB has prompted the issuance of interim guidelines for clinical and research laboratories handling XDR TB specimens. (cdc.gov)
  • We describe the introduction of various multi-drug resistant bacterial strains, including an NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, through a traveller returning from Egypt, where they had been admitted to a private hospital. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Acquired MDR-TB develops when a person with a non-resistant strain of TB is treated inadequately, resulting in the development of antibiotic resistance in the TB bacteria infecting them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has a variety of causes, but resistance usually due to treatment failure, drug combinations, coinfections, prior use of anti-TB medications, inadequate absorption of medication, underlying disease, and noncompliance with anti-TB drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some mechanisms of drug resistance include: Cell wall: The cell wall of M. tuberculosis (TB) contains complex lipid molecules which act as a barrier to stop drugs from entering the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seventy- resistance of M. tuberculosis to any fl uoroquinolone and four (40%) of these 184 patients received treatment with to at least one of the injectable drugs (capreomycin, kana- linezolid. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB (defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs) require longer, more expensive treatment regimens than drug-susceptible TB, with poorer treatment success [ 2 ], [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance worldwide because of the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi- and extensively drug resistant (multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR), respectively) clinical isolates. (frontiersin.org)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, in 2018, tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , was one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The most common mutations linked to low-level of BDQ resistance are present in Rv0678 gene coding for the M. tuberculosis repressor of MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results from studies on Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis prevalence carried out in 2008 in two pilot regions of Tajikistan revealed that multidrug resistance concerned 16% of new infections and 60% of prior infections. (fondation-merieux.org)
  • Disinfectant-resistance is independent from multi-drug-resistance in M. tuberculosis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then we discussed relationship between drug resistance and disinfectant resistance in M. tuberculosis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients' poor treatment compliance is a major hazardous factor which makes mycobacterium tuberculosis develop resistance to many drugs5. (researchsquare.com)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a very difficult disease to treat due to antibiotic resistance, but new treatments could help fight this scourge. (acemind.net)
  • On a larger scale, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, is a global problem, affecting approximately 500,000 individuals worldwide. (contagionlive.com)
  • Programmatic management of drug resistance tuberculosis 2011-2014 [Internet]. (e-trd.org)
  • Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major public health problem that threatens the progress made in tuberculosis care and control worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Globally, 5% of TB cases were estimated to have developed multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) (defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin) in 2013 (3.5% new and 20.5% previously treated TB cases). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistance to second-line TB drugs among MDR-TB cases detected in the Fourth National Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Viet Nam. (who.int)
  • Of those, 15 cases (17.9%) had ofloxacin resistance and 6.0% were resistant to kanamycin and capreomycin. (who.int)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as resistance to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), and it complicates the implementation of tuberculosis control programmes. (omu.edu.tr)
  • The aim of this study was to detect risk factors for multidrug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in four European Union countries: France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • These risk factors will have to be taken into account in the European Union as a whole, as well as in each individual country, to establish a health policy of monitoring and control for these cases of multidrug resistance. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Dame Sally said the 'catastrophic threat' from infections resistant to frontline antibiotics is so serious that she has asked the Government to put antibiotic resistance on the national risk register - ranking it alongside a large-scale terrorist attack or flu pandemic. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • To this aim, in this work an in vitro generation of M. tuberculosis mutants resistant to BDQ was performed starting from two MDR clinical isolates as parental cultures. (frontiersin.org)
  • The two M. tuberculosis MDR clinical isolates were firstly characterized by whole genome sequencing, finding the main mutations responsible for their MDR phenotype. (frontiersin.org)
  • METHOD: Consecutive M. tuberculosis isolates identified as MDR-TB during August 2007 to January 2008 using the BACTEC MGIT 960 systems and the agar proportion method were included in this study. (up.ac.za)
  • We studied susceptibility of several Japanese isolates of multi-drug-resistant M. tuberculosis against disinfectants, which are commonly used in clinical and research laboratories. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, selection for isoniazid-resistant mutants of the methionine auxotroph generated isolates with single point mutations in katG, which encodes an isoniazid-activating enzyme, whereas similar selection using the arginine auxotroph yielded isoniazid-resistant mutants with large deletions in the chromosomal region containing katG. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A total of 237 M.tuberculosis complex (MTC) isolates that were identified by the same method (BD MGIT (TM) TBc Identification Test, USA) from nine different medical centers in Turkey were included in the study. (omu.edu.tr)
  • 93 isolates (39.2%) were resistant (MDR) and 119 isolates (50.2%) were susceptible to both of the drugs determined with the reference susceptibility test. (omu.edu.tr)
  • In the study, five INH-resistant isolates determined with reference method were found susceptible with NRT and eight INH-susceptible isolates determined with reference method were found resistant with NRT. (omu.edu.tr)
  • In contrast, one RIF-resistant isolate determined with reference method was found susceptible with NRT and three RIF-susceptible determined isolates were found resistant with NRT. (omu.edu.tr)
  • Results: Out of 61 phenotypically EMB resistant isolates, 53 had mutations in embB. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • If approved, bedaquiline would offer the first in a new class of anti-tuberculosis drugs for patients suffering from this serious and deadly disease," said Wim Parys, M.D., Head of the Infectious Diseases therapeutic area at Janssen. (jnj.com)
  • In multidrug-resistant tuberculosis ( MDR-TB ) the tuberculosis bacilli, responsible for the infection, prove to be resistant to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs such as rifampicin and isoniazid. (acemind.net)
  • To fight MDR and XDR tuberculosis, three new antitubercular drugs, bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid, and pretomanid were approved for use in clinical setting. (frontiersin.org)
  • RARITAN, N.J., September 5, 2012 - Janssen Research & Development, LLC (Janssen) announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Priority Review to the New Drug Application (NDA) for bedaquiline (TMC207) to treat pulmonary, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in adults as part of combination therapy. (jnj.com)
  • In our country, Indonesia, either bedaquiline or delamanid is used for 6 months if the patient is intolerant, contraindicated, or resistant to a fluoroquinolone or second-line injectable antituberculosis drugs. (e-trd.org)
  • The rejection of the salt form of bedaquiline is welcome news for people with drug-resistant tuberculosis. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
  • Access to affordable generic versions of bedaquiline is presently being blocked by J&J's secondary patents in at least 25 of the 43 countries with a high burden of TB or drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). (msfaccess.org)
  • We are deeply concerned that the persistent high price of bedaquiline will continue to block countries from rolling out the newer, shorter, game-changing, all-oral regimens for treating deadly, drug-resistant forms of TB. (msfaccess.org)
  • Guidelines for establishing DOTS-Plus pilot projects for the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) / writing committee: Scientific Panel of the WHO Working Group on DOTS-Plus for MDR-TB. (who.int)
  • Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. (wustl.edu)
  • Globally, in 2018 about half a million TB infections were rifampicin-resistant, of which 78% were multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Among these cases, 6.2% were estimated to have extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013 reported that an estimated 12 million people worldwide had tuberculosis, with about 630 000 (5.3%) of these people having MDR tuberculosis (1). (who.int)
  • Tuberculosis (TB), an infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis , is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide. (contagionlive.com)
  • World Health Organization recommends countries introducing new drug and short treatment regimen for drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) should develop and implement a system for active pharmacovigilance that a. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious and emerging public health problem and a health security threat to the world (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). (academicjournals.org)
  • 2009). In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported an estimated 480,000 new cases of MDR-TB globally and an extra 100,000 people with RIF resistant TB (RR-TB). (academicjournals.org)
  • 1. Tuberculosis (TB) control in the African Region has evolved since the disease was declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993. (who.int)
  • Since the publication of the Tuberculosis handbook by the World Health Organization in 1998, important changes have taken place in the global context in which control of tuberculosis (TB) is carried out. (bvsalud.org)
  • Because XDR TB is resistant to the most potent TB drugs, patients are left with treatment options that are much less effective. (cdc.gov)
  • seven (41%) of 18 HIV-infected patients identified in a nosocomial TB outbreak investigation in Italy developed active disease within 60 days of their exposure to M. tuberculosis, and 11 (38%) of 29 persons in a residential facility for HIV-infected persons in San Francisco developed active disease within 4 months of exposure (6-8). (cdc.gov)
  • When the infecting strain of M. tuberculosis is susceptible to INH and patients adhere to the drug regimen, INH is highly effective for preventing active TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Background Although new molecular diagnostic tests such as GenoType MTBDRplus and Xpert® MTB/RIF have reduced multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment initiation times, patients' experiences of diagnosis and treatment initiation are not known. (sun.ac.za)
  • MDR-TB (multi-drug resistant tuberculosis) in China is still stuck in a tough situation due to the lack of unified and standardized management for MDR-TB patients in clinical practice, poor treatment compliance, irregular use of medicine, loss to follow-up, treatment refusal and so on1-4. (researchsquare.com)
  • Aiming to improve the medicine-taken patients' treatment compliance, achieve an early detection of the adverse drug reactions, enhance patients' life quality, change the unhealthy emotions of caregivers and patients, promote patient satisfaction and reduce the transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis, our hospital has adopted multi-disciplinary cooperative complete management mode in the treatment of MDR-TB and has obtained a favorable effect. (researchsquare.com)
  • We're grateful for this support from UNITAID, and particularly for their partnership, with which we're hoping to make diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis more effective and more tolerable for patients, as well as more readily accessible and lower-cost," says Paul Farmer, MD, PhD, co-founder of Partners In Health and chief of BWH's Division of Global Health Equity. (bwhglobalhealthhub.org)
  • 1 ], also reported that MDR-TB patients with age older than 65 years old, low body mass index, history of tuberculosis (TB) treatment, bilateral lung lesions, and pre or extensively drug-resistant TB were significantly associated with treatment failure. (e-trd.org)
  • Treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: comparison of pre- and post-public-private mix periods. (e-trd.org)
  • Time to sputum culture conversion and treatment outcome of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study from urban China. (chinacdc.cn)
  • In this paper, the authors compared the semi-parametric model to shared frailty models by studying the time-to-death of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). (openpublichealthjournal.com)
  • Secondary data from 1 542 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients were used in this study. (openpublichealthjournal.com)
  • Health care providers can help prevent drug-resistant TB by quickly diagnosing cases, following recommended treatment guidelines, monitoring patients' response to treatment, and making sure therapy is completed. (cdc.gov)
  • Another way to prevent getting drug-resistant TB is to avoid exposure to known drug-resistant TB patients in closed or crowded places such as hospitals, prisons, or homeless shelters. (cdc.gov)
  • Cycloserine (CS) is a second-line anti-tuberculosis drug whose serum concentrations in tuberculosis (TB) patients are largely unknown. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • METHODS: Multidrug-resistant TB patients who were taking CS in a tertiary care centre in northern Taiwan between 1 April 2009 and 31 October 2009 were enrolled in the study. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • 85% of sputum smear-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis under treatment.1 It also noted the development of the Stop TB Strategy2 as a comprehensive approach to overcome constraints to control tuberculosis, and welcomed the Stop TB Partnership's Global Plan to Stop TB 2006-2015,3 which is underpinned by the Strategy. (who.int)
  • The internationally agreed target for 2005 of a treatment success rate of at least 85% under the DOTS strategy was reached globally in 2006, but the case detection rate in 2008 of 61% of patients with sputum smear- positive pulmonary tuberculosis lagged behind the 71% target expected in the Global Plan. (who.int)
  • Progress has been made in testing tuberculosis patients for HIV infection, but provision of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy, the two crucial interventions for HIV-positive tuberculosis patients, is about one third of that targeted in the Global Plan. (who.int)
  • A prospective epidemiological case control study was conducted, made up of patients with clinically diagnosed and microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in the four countries between 1997 and 2000. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Figures from the Health Protection Agency (HPA) show that instances of 'multidrug resistant' tuberculosis were 81 in 2011, up from just 28 in 2000, with around half of the patients dying. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • All patients with pulmonary tuberculosis that is resistant to rifampin (RIF) or to both RIF and isoniazid who initiate an all-oral treatment regimen (short or long) under routine or operational conditions, per local country guidance, will be included. (who.int)
  • The proportion of foreign-born people among the newly notified tuberculosis (TB) patients has been increasing in recent years and potentially poses a new challenge to TB control in Japan. (who.int)
  • Pharmacogenetic studies suggest that patients with certain CYP-450 genotypes may be more predisposed to hepatotoxicity during INH therapy for latent tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
  • On the 7th day of hospitalization, combined anti-tuberculosis therapy with isoniazid (10 mg/kg/day), rifampicin (15 mg/kg/day), pyrazinamide (30 mg/kg/day) and ethambutol (20 mg/kg/day) was started, pending culture and drug susceptibility testing. (who.int)
  • Drug susceptibility testing of the uncle revealed MDR tuberculosis (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin resistant). (who.int)
  • However, limited information about disinfectant-susceptibility of multi-drug-resistant strain of M. tuberculosis was available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The nitrate reductase assay (NRA) is one of the colorimetric susceptibility test methods for rapid detection of MDR-TB and based on the ability of reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (omu.edu.tr)
  • This drug would reduce the risk of developing multi-drug resistant tuberculosis by 60%, according to the pooled results of two separate studies revealed by an AFP report. (acemind.net)
  • TB cases are on the increase, and the most serious aspect of the problem is the recent occurrence of outbreaks of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, which pose an urgent public health problem and require rapid intervention. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have posed challenges for the management of exposed persons. (cdc.gov)
  • During 1990 and 1991, four outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuber- culosis (MDR-TB), involving nearly 200 cases, were investigated by CDC and local health departments in Florida and New York City (1,2). (cdc.gov)
  • If you stop taking pretomanid too soon or skip doses, your infection may not be completely treated and the bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, treatments, subsequent outcomes and complications of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases residing in the Northern Territory. (nt.gov.au)
  • Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of undernutrition on sputum culture conversion and treatment outcomes among people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). (edu.au)
  • In April 1994, a passenger with infectious multi-drug resistant tuberculosis traveled on commercial-airline flights from Honolulu to Chicago and from Chicago to Baltimore and returned one month later. (nih.gov)
  • There is a growing public health need for new treatment options for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. (jnj.com)
  • Is the Subject Area "Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • BACKGROUND: The increasing problem of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) [ie resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF)] is becoming a global problem. (up.ac.za)
  • However, poor information about disinfectant effectiveness against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strain of M. tuberculosis is available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aims to explore the effect of multi-disciplinary cooperative complete management mode in the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). (researchsquare.com)
  • Now, we learn that even a more serious problem could be developing in your towns with multi-drug resistant TB in a few refugees and other immigrants. (drrichswier.com)
  • Two refugees and a foreign student on a visa brought multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) to Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 2009 and 2011, according to a 2014 article in an epidemiology publication written with the cooperation of the doctors who treated them. (drrichswier.com)
  • Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a critical global public health problem. (chinacdc.cn)
  • Association of Previous Smoking Habit and Perceived Social Discrimination with the Risk of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Nepal. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background: Ethambutol (EMB) is an important anti-tuberculosis drug used in the management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • China is one of the high burden countries of both TB and multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another worrying trend is the rise in infections resistant to powerful antibiotics called carbapenems, the last line of treatment to tackle the most serious infections. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of death globally and the top killer of antimicrobial-resistant infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Infections Caused by Bacteria Related to Tuberculosis (TB) Many species of mycobacteria exist. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria that are spread from person to person through the air. (cdc.gov)
  • Some forms of TB are also resistant to second-line medications, and are called extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). (wikipedia.org)
  • Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of MDR TB that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). (cdc.gov)
  • Drug-susceptible TB and drug-resistant TB are spread the same way. (cdc.gov)
  • Sometimes drug-resistant TB occurs when bacteria become resistant to the drugs used to treat TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Drug-resistant TB (DR TB) is spread the same way that drug-susceptible TB is spread. (cdc.gov)
  • Drug-resistant TB can occur when the drugs used to treat TB are misused or mismanaged. (cdc.gov)
  • Pre-Extensively Drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR TB) is a type of MDR TB caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and a fluroquinolone OR by TB bacteria that are resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and a second-line injectable (amikacin, capreomycin, and kanamycin). (cdc.gov)
  • The most important way to prevent the spread of drug-resistant TB is to take all TB drugs exactly as prescribed by the health care provider. (cdc.gov)
  • Drug-resistant TB is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least one first-line anti-TB drug. (cdc.gov)
  • The China National Health Commission-Gates TB Project Phase III implemented a comprehensive TB control model including multiple interventions to address the burden of drug-resistant TB (DRTB). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The GeneXpert diagnostic testing technology from the US corporation Cepheid, and its parent company Danaher, has revolutionised rapid, accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and other diseases, since entering the market in 2010. (msfaccess.org)
  • WHO's estimates also indicate that in 2008 there were 11 million prevalent cases of tuberculosis, with 1.3 million deaths, and an additional 505 000 deaths associated with HIV/tuberculosis coinfection. (who.int)
  • In 2003, the Expanded Framework for DOTS Strategy that incorporated response to TB/HIV coinfection and multidrug-resistant TB was launched. (who.int)
  • The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IJTLD) is for clinical research and epidemiological studies on lung health, including articles on TB, TB-HIV and respiratory diseases such as COVID-19, asthma, COPD, child lung health and the hazards of tobacco and air pollution. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • These BDQ resistant mutants were further characterized by studying their growth rate that could be related to their spreading in clinical settings. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, little is known about the clinical profile, treatment and prognosis of MDR tuberculosis in children (2,4-7). (who.int)
  • Here we report the clinical picture and treatment of an infant with disseminated MDR tuberculosis. (who.int)
  • Tuberculosis treatment monitoring and outcome measures: new interest and new strategies. (chinacdc.cn)
  • Globally, WHO estimates that 4.1% of new tuberculosis cases and 19% of retreatment cases have MDR-TB. (wustl.edu)
  • The radiograph shows a classic posterior segment right upper lobe density consistent with active tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
  • Currently the majority of multidrug-resistant cases of TB are due to one strain of TB bacteria called the Beijing lineage. (wikipedia.org)
  • There were an estimated 9.2 million new TB cases and 1.7 1Additional German Tuberculosis Network European Trials group million deaths from TB in 2006 ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, because of the paucibacillary nature of childhood tuberculosis, a microbiological diagnosis is made in only 20-40% of cases. (who.int)
  • There were no other cases of tuberculosis in the family. (who.int)
  • Although it only represents around 5% of tuberculosis cases, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is particularly worrying due to its poor response to standard anti-tuberculosis treatments. (acemind.net)
  • The authors found that 1.7% of the pediatric TB cases reported were MDR-TB, with 81% being resistant to at least one other first-line drug and one-third being resistant to at least one second-line drug. (contagionlive.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death treated TB cases, accounting for about 480 000 people in communicable diseases. (who.int)
  • Cases were identified by the Northern Territory Centre for Disease Control (NT CDC): the public health unit responsible for the management of tuberculosis in the Northern Territory. (nt.gov.au)
  • In the past five years, the number of cases of blood poisoning from antimicrobial resistant (AMR) forms of E. coli - which is twice as fatal as the normal bug - has gone up 60 per cent. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • The drug-resistant gut bug alone, which is picked up in hospital in half of cases, could be responsible for up to 2,500 deaths in 2011 - more than MRSA and C. difficile combined. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • Cases of extensively-resistant TB, which resists almost all types of drugs, have also emerged in the UK, with 12 in the past two years - as many as in the previous 15 years. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • Africa is home to over 1 billion inhabitants and is disproportionately affected by TB with 2.6 million of the 10.4 million global tuberculosis cases, making Africa a key geographical area for TB interventions (Ismail et al. (academicjournals.org)
  • There were an estimated 9.9 million new cases of symptomatic tuberculosis and an estimated 1.5 million deaths from the disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of tuberculosis, including the medications used, have been established by the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). (medscape.com)
  • MDR triple auxotrophic mutants were obtained in a two-step fashion, selecting first for solely isoniazid-resistant or rifampin-resistant mutants. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A second randomized controlled trial, called endTB-Q, is underway to study a 6-9 month regimen to treat the most resistant form of MDR-TB. (endtb.org)
  • Cranial magnetic resonance imaging assay was performed to evaluate the disseminated tuberculosis. (who.int)
  • Toman's tuberculosis : case detection, treatment, and monitoring : questions and answers / edited by T. Frieden. (who.int)
  • Tuberculosis case detection, treatment, and monitoring. (who.int)
  • Characteristics of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis detection in China, 2015-2019. (chinacdc.cn)
  • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is caused by an organism that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs. (cdc.gov)
  • This process accelerates if incorrect or inadequate treatments are used, leading to the development and spread of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). (wikipedia.org)
  • In May 2009, recognizing the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, the Health Assembly in resolution WHA62.15 urged all Member States to achieve universal access to diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as part of the transition to universal health coverage. (who.int)
  • Tuberculosis is spread mainly when people breathe air contaminated by a person who has active disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Surveillance sociated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively data indicate MDR TB is an emerging global problem, drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) in Germany in 2004- especially in countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU), 2006. (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular surveillance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) using 24-loci MIRU-VNTR in the European Union suggests the occurrence of international transmission. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Japan introduced its first nationwide computerized TB surveillance system, the Japan Tuberculosis Surveillance (JTBS), in 1987. (who.int)
  • Direct sputum smear microscopy is the most widely used means for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and is available in most primary health-care laboratories at health-centre level. (bvsalud.org)
  • It was estimated in 2015 that 10.4 million individuals were infected with M. tuberculosis , leading to 1.8 million associated deaths. (contagionlive.com)