• Antimicrobial drug use in companion animals, therefore, could increase the likelihood of zoonotic transmission of multidrug-resistant salmonellae by generating drug-resistant strains as well as by making animals more susceptible to resistant infections ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Geographically dispersed outbreaks of C. difficile strains resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, were also reported in North America in 2005. (wikipedia.org)
  • These strains include: penicillin-resistant Enterococcus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The incidence and severity of CDIs are increasing, 1-6 as documented by outbreaks of particularly virulent and drug-resistant strains. (jhu.edu)
  • 2003). „SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus" . (wikipedia.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Strains of extensively drug-resistant C jejuni have been circulating since at least 2011 and are associated with illness among pet store customers, employees, and others who come into contact with pet store puppies. (cdc.gov)
  • Also, a 3-month survey of 15 Brooklyn hospitals in 1999 found that 53% of A. baumannii strains exhibited resistance to carbapenems and 24% of P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem (10). (cdc.gov)
  • VRE, particularly E faecium strains, are frequently resistant to all antibiotics that are effective treatment for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci, which leaves clinicians treating VRE infections with limited therapeutic options. (medscape.com)
  • More than half of the strains (54%) were resistant to penicillin, 29.4% to tetracycline, 23.5% to erythromycin, and 17% showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. (hindawi.com)
  • The evolution of S. aureus in the antibiotic era has revealed the emergence of virulent strains, many of which include acquisition of antibiotic resistant to methicillin [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 36: .3-9 defined CA-MRSA strains carry SCC mec type IV or V (14), �hereas the majority of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has HA-MRSA strains carry SCC mec type I, II traditional y been considered a hospital- or III (13). (medicinelakex1.com)
  • Several techniques including disk diffusion and broth microdilution were used to identify patterns of antibiotic resistance, microtiter plate assay to measure biofilm formation, and PCR to evaluate the prevalence of different genes such as virulence factors, toxin-antitoxin systems, resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolone antibiotics of E. coli strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of antibiotics in intensive livestock farming promotes the development of resistant bacterial strains and the environment plays not only an important role in the spread of those, but also wildlife organisms and ecosystem services are at risk. (desdaughter.com)
  • Mtb, acquired drug resistance is caused by spontaneous random mutations in chromosomal genes, facilitating the selection of resistant strains during sub-optimal drug therapy. (benthamscience.com)
  • Antimicrobial agents such as fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone) are commonly used to treat severe human Salmonella infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Indeed, widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as clindamycin, cephalosporins, penicillin, and fluoroquinolones can affect the composition and function of the gut microbiota of patients with COVID-19, leading to reduced colonization resistance capacity against opportunistic pathogens such as C. difficile , and subsequently develop CDI. (frontiersin.org)
  • The impact on clavulanic acid and sulbactam is not clear, although their use in place of cephalosporins appears to reduce the emergence of ESBL and may reduce the emergence of other resistant pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (vin.com)
  • ESBL-producing Enterobacterales from the GCC region show high levels of resistance to ampicillin, aztreonam, third-/fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. (frontiersin.org)
  • N. gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to to front-line antibiotics triggered a global action plan from first-line antibiotics such as sulfonamides, penicil ins, WHO to control the spread and impact of gonococcal tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones and early resistance and a call for international col aborative ac- cephalosporins. (who.int)
  • The use of fosfomycin trometamol is proposed as a good potential option for urological procedures due to its high activity against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and its favorable pharmacokinetic parameters that guarantees wide tissue penetration and a high urinary concentration, in a single dose, the which will be compared with the control group with traditional prophylaxis (amikacin). (bcan.org)
  • A list of antibiotic resistant bacteria is provided below. (wikipedia.org)
  • NDM-1 is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • These types of mutations can lead to genotype and phenotype changes that can contribute to reproductive success, leading to the evolution of resistant bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared with healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP), it is less likely to involve multidrug-resistant bacteria. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Sometimes drug-resistant TB occurs when bacteria become resistant to the drugs used to treat TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs. (cdc.gov)
  • Pre-Extensively Drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR TB) is a type of MDR TB caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and a fluroquinolone OR by TB bacteria that are resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and a second-line injectable (amikacin, capreomycin, and kanamycin). (cdc.gov)
  • Drug-resistant TB is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least one first-line anti-TB drug. (cdc.gov)
  • Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial indicated in adults (18 years of age and older) with infections caused by designated, susceptible bacteria and in pediatric patients where indicated (1, 12.4). (nih.gov)
  • To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of levofloxacin and other antibacterial drugs, levofloxacin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria (1.15). (nih.gov)
  • Colonization with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a major risk factor for developing subsequent MDR infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Target bacteria included extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), carbapenem-resistant- P.aeruginosa (CR-PA), carbapenem-resistant- A.baumannii (CR-AB) and methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purpose of the study is to discuss the correlation between the resistance rate of gram negative bacteria to fluoroquinolones (FQ) and antibiotic consumption intensity of 145 China tertiary hospitals in 2014. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As unreasonable antibiotics usage remains crucial in the proceeding of resistant bacteria selection, our study could greatly promote the avoidance of unnecessary antibiotic usage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the widespread use of FQs, FQs-resistant (FQR) gram-negative bacteria are gradually increasing, limiting the selection for treating infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following the initial remarkable success of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major phenomenon in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • The work package focusing on molecular studies generated new evidence about the changes effected by antibiotic therapy on commensal organisms or opportunistic pathogens in the oropharyngeal, nasal and gastro-intestinal flora and study AMR mechanisms and the dissemination of successful clones of fluoroquinolone-resistant, carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase harboring Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant viridans streptococci. (europa.eu)
  • The emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major problem in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • Also, SATURN had as mission to improve methodological standards and conduct research to better understand the impact of antibiotic use on acquisition, selection and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in different environments, by combining state-of-the-art analyses of molecular, ecologic and individual patient-level data. (europa.eu)
  • The enormous use of animals intended for food promotes the selection of new antibiotics resistant bacteria, which will contribute to increasing the risk of zoonotic transmission [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Zoonotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes could be transferred not only to people with occupational livestock exposure but also other persons in the community through direct contact with animals, via the food chain or by environment [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Uncomplicated MDR-TB is the term some TB which is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin (making it MDR TB) but it is known that the bacteria are not resistant to any of the second line TB drugs. (boneandspine.com)
  • Indeed, experts view the promotion of antibiotic resistant bacteria as "by far the greatest human health risk" posed by the presence of pharmaceutical residues in the environment and note that, in addition to fostering the spread of resistant pathogens, antibiotic residues can also turn harmless environmental bacteria into carriers of resistance. (desdaughter.com)
  • At its forefront are Gram-negative bacteria, (GNB) such as Enterobacterales ( Enterobacterales ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Acinetobacter baumannii , which have become increasingly resistant to most conventional and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, including carbapenems ( Nordmann and Poirel, 2019 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The global surge in Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is an issue of great concern. (bvsalud.org)
  • Surveillance and molecular epidemiology of antibiotics resistant bacteria are urgently needed in the study area. (bvsalud.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is resistant to more than one anti-TB drug and at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF). (cdc.gov)
  • Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of MDR TB that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). (cdc.gov)
  • Studies underway or recently completed in adults are evaluating how to optimize dosing for existing TB medicines, including rifampin, isoniazid, linezolid, and the fluoroquinolones. (treatmentactiongroup.org)
  • MDR-TB is the TB infection caused by MTB that is resistant to the most potent drugs used in TB treatment - isoniazid and rifampin. (focustb.com)
  • XDR-TB is the TB infection caused by MTB that is resistant to most commonly used drugs used in TB treatment like isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone as well as at least one of the three injectable second-line drugs (amikacin, kanamycin, and capreomycin). (focustb.com)
  • Fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and clindamycin are usually employed as alternatives to penicillin and are associated with greater risk of Clostridium difficile colitis, 6 which may increase mortality, hospital stays and overall costs. (bmj.com)
  • Based on the data from a recent surveillance study performed in a medical ICU in Korea, active surveillance detected carbapenem-resistant- Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) in 15.0% of patients, and approximately one-third of them later developed CR-AB infections [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enterobacterales isolates that are concomitant ESBL producers and are carbapenem resistant have been increasingly reported and demonstrate alarmingly increased antibiotic resistance patterns compared with ESBL Enterobacterales . (frontiersin.org)
  • bla CTX-M (subtype group 1) followed by/co-dominated by bla TEM and bla SHV , whereas the most common carbapenem-resistant genes are bla OXA-48 and bla NDM-1 . (frontiersin.org)
  • Several genes isolated from resistant enterococci ( agg, gelE, ace, cylLLS, esp, cpd, fsrB ) encode virulence factors such as the production of gelatinase and hemolysin, adherence to caco-2 and hep-2 cells, and capacity for biofilm formation. (medscape.com)
  • The fluoroquinolone resistance genes qnr B and qnr S were present in 50% and 28% of the isolates, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • Travel to parts of the world where multidrug-resistant organisms are prevalent i.e. (ceufast.com)
  • However, the Gram-negative organisms that can cause the infection are becoming more resistant to antibiotics. (tg.org.au)
  • Many multidrug resistant organisms retain susceptibility to two old antibiotics, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. (tg.org.au)
  • Fosfomycin is a potential treatment option for patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection due to resistant organisms. (tg.org.au)
  • the current study to determine faecal car- riage of ESBL-producing organisms in a Multidrug resistance is increasingly seen in community setting. (who.int)
  • Multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are associated with nosocomial infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • 8, 9 In an effort to curb these disturbing trends and the enormous burden of disease, The Joint Commission identified the implementation of evidence-based practices to prevent multidrug-resistant organism infections as a 2011 National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG.07.03.01). (jhu.edu)
  • BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (MRGNB) infections represent a major public health threat. (bvsalud.org)
  • In case of resistant or refractory infections, antibiotic choices may be limited, meriting an infectious diseases consultation. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Enterococcus faecalis is more virulent or pathogenic, but E faecium is responsible for most of the vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] According to National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) data from January 2003 through December 2003, more than 28% of enterococcal isolates in ICUs of the more than 300 participating hospitals were vancomycin-resistant. (medscape.com)
  • Six years later, 35.5% of enterococcal hospital-associated infections were resistant to vancomycin, ranking as the second most common cause of nosocomial infections in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Ongoing Outbreak of Extensively Drug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Infections Associated With US Pet Store Puppies, 2016-2020. (cdc.gov)
  • IMPORTANCE: Extensively drug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni infections cannot be treated with any commonly recommended antibiotics and pose an increasing public health threat. (cdc.gov)
  • OBJECTIVES: To investigate cases of extensively drug-resistant C jejuni associated with pet store puppies and describe the epidemiologic and laboratory characteristics of these infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Comparison of Molecular Subtyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Detection Methods Used in a Large Multi-State Outbreak of Extensively Drug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Infections Linked to Pet Store Puppies. (cdc.gov)
  • A fluoroquinolone, such as Levofla, may be used to treat severe skin infections. (arvidweb.com)
  • Lomefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat chronic bronchitis, as well as complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. (pharmacycode.com)
  • [ 1 ] E faecium is responsible for most vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections. (medscape.com)
  • A British study on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) estimated that 700,000 persons are dying each year worldwide due to antibiotic-resistant infections [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 1-3 In Australia, multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacilli are responsible for a rising proportion of community-acquired uncomplicated urinary tract infections. (tg.org.au)
  • Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) seek to reduce the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant and healthcare-associated infections. (cambridge.org)
  • The rise of antibiotic resistance among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have caused concerns for the treatment of MRSA infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent projections estimate a 15-fold increase in morbidity in Europe due to AMR by 2050, with 390,000 deaths every year as a result of drug-resistant infections. (desdaughter.com)
  • Glycopeptides are used for Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus) infections that have become resistant to standard antibiotics. (adam.com)
  • Therefore, since it is a global public health problem involving several sectors, it also requires a global solution in the context of the One Health approach to achieve adequate control through the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of drug-resistant infections. (who.int)
  • Infections secondary to these pathogens are widely common but multidrug resistance (MDR) in Enterobacterales has become a significant challenge with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of management. (frontiersin.org)
  • Specifically, resistance to fluoroquinolones has increased its prevalence, a group of antibiotics widely used in urology. (bcan.org)
  • These results suggest that triple mutations in clinical isolates of A baumannii contribute to the development of high levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones and that mutations in parC S80L or E84K (groups II and VII) may contribute to alterations in efflux pump activity in A baumannii . (ophrp.org)
  • Ten of 21 isolates were resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, due mainly to the presence of the bla TEM gene, the S91F mutation in the gyrA gene and the tetM gene, respectively. (who.int)
  • The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in this phenomenon as it harbours a vast diversity of bacterial species, some of them possessing antibiotic resistance determinants (ARDs) that may enable their survival under antibiotic exposure. (nature.com)
  • Does antibiotic exposure increase the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolation? (wikipedia.org)
  • The independent risk factors for CR-AB and/or CR-PA colonization were cerebrovascular diseases, previous hospitalization, transfer from another hospital/a LTCF and previous nasogastric tube use, whereas those for MRSA colonization were previous fluoroquinolone exposure and previous nasogastric tube use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nasal colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been widely investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Industrial food animal production facilities are known to be a source of human exposure to antibiotic-resistant S. aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Microbiology, 2 Department of social medicine, tance of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylo- Cantonal Public Health Institution Zenica, coccus aureus (MRSA) isolates. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • MRSA isolates �ere more frequently multidrug resistant (MDR) than MSSA isolates (p=0.0009). (medicinelakex1.com)
  • More- govina, according to methicillin resistance, over, the spread of community-acquired origin of isolates, age and gender of patients, methicillin resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) and to determine the antibiotic susceptibil- into hospitals has been reported, causing ity patterns. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • The aqueous extracts of T. alternifolia stem bark exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive microorganisms, particularly against clinical isolates of MRSA and vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results of this study suggest that practitioners should ask about puppy exposure when treating patients with Campylobacter infection, especially when they do not improve with routine antibiotics, and that the commercial dog industry should take action to help prevent the spread of extensively drug-resistant C jejuni from pet store puppies to people. (cdc.gov)
  • This study investigated the fluoroquinolone-resistant mechanism of 56 clinical cases of A baumannii infection from 23 non-tertiary hospitals, collected between 2004 and 2006. (ophrp.org)
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), at least 2.8 million individuals get an antibiotic-resistant infection, and more than 35,000 individuals died as a result [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It helps in the early detection of infection with multidrug-resistant MTB for better-individualized treatment with correct antibiotics at the right time. (focustb.com)
  • They are also at higher risk of multi-drug-resistant infection. (kidsnewtocanada.ca)
  • In the early 1990s, several reports concerning the transmission of tuber- culosis (TB) infection including its then most dangerous form, multidrug- resistant TB (MdR-TB), from infectious travel ers to other passengers and crew during long flights, caused anxiety among travel ers and serious concern among public health officials and airline companies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Eighteen outbreak isolates (10 human and eight puppy) representing all three clades were selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing, and all were resistant to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, telithromycin, and tetracycline. (medscape.com)
  • Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin have traditionally not been used in infants because of concern about adverse effects on the infants' developing joints. (drugs.com)
  • Avoiding breastfeeding for 3 to 4 hours after a dose should decrease the exposure of the infant to ciprofloxacin in breastmilk. (drugs.com)
  • According to China antimicrobial resistance surveillance system in the first half of 2018, the ciprofloxacin-resistant rate was 57.8% for Escherichia coli , 35.4% for Klebsiella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During 1994-2000, a national review of ICU patients in 43 states found that the overall susceptibility to ciprofloxacin decreased from 86% to 76% and was temporally associated with increased use of fluoroquinolones in the United States (96). (cdc.gov)
  • In particular, a specific strain of E. coli, sequence type 131 (ST131), has emerged globally as a major cause of fluoroquinolone-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli UTIs. (ceufast.com)
  • In one study of E. coli clinical isolates from extraintestinal sites, predominantly urine, collected at Veterans Affairs (VA) laboratories across the U.S., the ST131 clone accounted for the majority of fluoroquinolone-resistant and ESBL isolates and was calculated to account for 28% of all VA E. coli isolates nationwide. (ceufast.com)
  • Multivariable analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus and recent cephalosporin exposure were the independent risk factors for baseline colonization by ESBL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes were present in 22% of the isolates, while 53% of the isolates were ESBL-producing with the bla CTX-M gene as the most frequent β-lactamase gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 4 ] Clonal spread is the dominant factor in the dissemination of multidrug-resistant enterococci in North America and Europe. (medscape.com)
  • 4] Clindamycin-resistant C. difficile was reported as the causative agent of large outbreaks of diarrheal disease in hospitals in New York, Arizona, Florida, and Massachusetts between 1989 and 1992. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite the significant potential consequences for AMR in livestock, our knowledge about antibiotic-resistant S. aureus carriage among food-producing animals in Tangier is still limited. (hindawi.com)
  • Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is TB that is also resistant to the second line of drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drug-resistant TB (DR TB) is spread the same way that drug-susceptible TB is spread. (cdc.gov)
  • Drug-resistant TB can occur when the drugs used to treat TB are misused or mismanaged. (cdc.gov)
  • The most important way to prevent the spread of drug-resistant TB is to take all TB drugs exactly as prescribed by the health care provider. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers can help prevent drug-resistant TB by quickly diagnosing cases, following recommended treatment guidelines, monitoring patients' response to treatment, and making sure therapy is completed. (cdc.gov)
  • Another way to prevent getting drug-resistant TB is to avoid exposure to known drug-resistant TB patients in closed or crowded places such as hospitals, prisons, or homeless shelters. (cdc.gov)
  • Several efficacy studies underway or planned will evaluate whether it is possible to shorten and optimize treatment for drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) and TB meningitis (TBM) in children (Table 1). (treatmentactiongroup.org)
  • A specific form of drug-resistant TB, due to bacilli resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs. (aidsmap.com)
  • There are two ways that people get drug-resistant TB. (boneandspine.com)
  • Firstly, people get acquired drug-resistant TB when their TB treatment is inadequate. (boneandspine.com)
  • A third type of drug-resistant TB, variously referred to as totally drug-resistant TB, XXDR-TB or TDR-TB has also now been detected. (boneandspine.com)
  • It is sometimes also referred to as extremely drug-resistant TB, and it is extremely difficult, to treat. (boneandspine.com)
  • Kanamycin or amikacin is the first choice of an injectable agent, given the high rates of streptomycin resistance in drug-resistant TB. (boneandspine.com)
  • Most of the drug resistant TB (DRTB) cases were not even detected due to a variety of weaknesses of national TB programs. (benthamscience.com)
  • We'll be discussing the use of preventive therapy for at-home exposure to drug-resistant TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Why is there now this drug-resistant TB? (cdc.gov)
  • However, use of inadequate treatment or patients not completing treatment for any number of reasons in place, including governmental or program policies, led to the development of drug-resistant TB, which now accounts for over 450,000 cases annually worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • The increase in multidrug resistance of antibiotics in recent decades has been associated with its misuse, resulting in an increased rate of morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stays and increased care costs. (bcan.org)
  • However, linezolid should be used with special caution in patients with severe renal insufficiency, and only when the anticipated benefit is considered to outweigh the theoretical risk, because the clinical significance of higher exposure (up to 10 fold) to the two primary metabolites of linezolid is unknown. (who.int)
  • One outbreak was due to multidrug-resistant S . Typhimurium R-type ACKSSuT, while the other 3 were due to multidrug-resistant S . Typhimurium R-type ACSSuT DT104. (cdc.gov)
  • We studied the distribution of biofilm production by host and non-host factors, among UPEC antibiotic resistant and sensitive cystitis isolates, from reproductive age women. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • TB389 trade name] is for use in children weighing from 3 to 46 kg receiving longer individualised regimens for multidrug-resistant TB. (who.int)
  • OBJECTIVES: This study investigated a ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA)-resistant K. pneumoniae (NE368), isolated from a patient exposed to CZA, expressing a novel KPC-3 variant, named KPC-109. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In addition, 16 of 18 isolates were resistant to gentamicin, and four of 18 were resistant to florfenicol. (medscape.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistant microorganisms are found in people, animals and the environment and can spread globally. (who.int)
  • Children traveling to visit friends and relatives have higher rates of febrile illness from greater direct exposure to pathogenic sources. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that highly diverse, resistant and pathogenic E. coli clones are circulating among leukemia patients in Iranian hospitals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Isolation of enterococci resistant to multiple antibiotics has become increasingly common in the hospital setting. (medscape.com)
  • symptoms and radiographic findings do not differentiate multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) from fully susceptible TB. (medscape.com)
  • In the overwhelming majority of cases, biofilm production was highest among the resistant isolates vs. susceptible ones, on average by twice as much. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • Additionally, despite achieving lower drug exposures than adults, children generally have good TB treatment outcomes. (treatmentactiongroup.org)
  • In 2003, 20.6% of all K. pneumoniae isolates from NNIS ICUs were resistant to these drugs (93). (cdc.gov)
  • CDI symptoms typically present within one to two weeks of antibiotic or chemotherapy exposure, but may present as early as one day post exposure to as late as three months post exposure. (jhu.edu)
  • Gut colonization by MRGNB is a common phenomenon occurring during hospitalization and chemotherapy exposure. (bvsalud.org)
  • The pharmacodynamic study modelled the relationships between antibiotic exposure and AMR emergence over time for various classes of agents. (europa.eu)