MicroelectrodesDeep Brain StimulationElectrodes, ImplantedAction PotentialsStereotaxic TechniquesSubthalamic NucleusElectrophysiologyMembrane PotentialsGlobus PallidusNeuronsElectric StimulationCatsEvoked PotentialsPotassiumParkinson DiseaseBrain MappingGuinea PigsIon-Selective ElectrodesMuscle, SmoothAmplifiers, ElectronicSynaptic TransmissionNeural ProsthesesElectrochemical TechniquesRats, Sprague-DawleyElectrodesEquipment DesignEquipment Failure AnalysisSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedElectrochemistryElectric ImpedanceElectroencephalographyMan-Machine SystemsElectric ConductivityPurkinje FibersPatch-Clamp TechniquesElectronicsTime FactorsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMicrotechnologyExtracellular SpaceAutoanalysisVestibule, LabyrinthSodiumNecturus maculosusBiosensing TechniquesDiagnostic Techniques, Digestive SystemChloridesAlgorithmsAnalog-Digital ConversionPapillary MusclesCalciumProstheses and ImplantsCochlear ImplantsConductometryBrain-Computer InterfacesSignal-To-Noise RatioChinchillaTelemetryBrainElectrophoresis, MicrochipVestibular DiseasesElectromyographyTetrodotoxinHeart Conduction SystemIon ChannelsEsophageal pH MonitoringElectrophysiological PhenomenaBicarbonatesFluorocarbon PolymersStrophanthidinNecturusReflex, Vestibulo-OcularIon ExchangeModels, NeurologicalMicromanipulationCerebral CortexSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredDogsIontophoresisCarbonMicrochip Analytical ProceduresPotassium ChannelsReproducibility of ResultsMiniaturizationHead MovementsGastroesophageal RefluxIon TransportMacaca mulattaGlassAuditory Brain Stem ImplantsDeafnessImplantable NeurostimulatorsRabbitsNeurophysiologyArtifactsSensitivity and SpecificityProsthesis ImplantationRadio WavesOxygenMovement