• However, highly cross-reactive mucosal IgA could be key in addressing these gaps in mucosal immunity and may be an important focus of future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Even as vaccination efforts are underway to achieve population immunity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, disturbing evidence is coming to light that the emergence of newer strains may hinder this desirable outcome. (news-medical.net)
  • Mucosal immunity consists of innate and adaptive immune responses which can be influenced by systemic immunity. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we review the characteristics of mucosal immunity of the female genital tract, its alterations due to HIV/AIDS, and the characteristics of coinfections between HIV/AIDS and the most prevalent STDs. (hindawi.com)
  • The immune system of the female genital tract is part of the integrated mucosal immune system, but with some particular characteristics that differentiate the immunity of these regions from the systemic immunity [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mucosal immunity consists of innate and adaptive immune responses that can be influenced by systemic immunity [ 15 ] and by hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. (hindawi.com)
  • Mucosal immunity is often required for protection against respiratory pathogens but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of induction remain poorly understood. (uu.nl)
  • PALCA: Now, these studies by Gommerman and Tal have yet to undergo peer review, and some have already suggested the antibodies may not really be true mucosal immunity. (ksmu.org)
  • Single-dose intranasal vaccination elicits systemic and mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2. (google.com.hk)
  • Airway delivery of soluble mycobacterial antigens restores protective mucosal immunity by single intramuscular plasmid DNA tuberculosis vaccination: role of proinflammatory signals in the lung. (nih.gov)
  • Several explanations for this are under discussion: inadequate vaccination rates, natural periodicity, and other factors such as differences in viral strains and loss of mucosal immunity. (bmj.com)
  • Most importantly, oral vaccination using plant-made antigens confers both mucosal (IgA) and systemic (IgG) immunity. (upenn.edu)
  • Intranasal vaccination offers the potential of mucosal immunity. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • In addition, mucosal immunity may prevent disease spread by limiting viral shedding. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • By enabling mucosal plus systemic immunity, alone or in combination with established intramuscular vaccines, intranasal vaccination offers better protection against SARS-CoV-2, along with improved patient outcomes. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • The preclinical data for a vaccine developed at MedUni Vienna to protect against SARS-CoV-2 indicates that it is effective against all SARS-CoV-2 variants known to date, including omicron - even in those who have not yet built up any immunity as a result of vaccination (non-responders). (meduniwien.ac.at)
  • He is an expert in human infection challenge studies and leads a group that uses infection and vaccination of volunteers as well as patient-centred research to investigate systemic and mucosal immunity against these infections. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The findings provided the proof-of-concept that vaccine-induced robust mucosal immunity is necessary for preventing SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection, which has significant implication for ending the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. (hku.hk)
  • New combination vaccines should induce similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibody in serum for individual protection against paralytic disease and mucosal immunity that effectively decreases viral replication in the intestine and pharynx for population protection against transmission of poliovirus. (who.int)
  • Fast-dissolving tablets target the mucosal immunisation route and have the potential to improve mucosal immunity. (who.int)
  • In April 2016, the poliovirus type 2 Sabin strain was ability to interrupt transmission of poliovirus by inducing removed from the trivalent OPV during the global switch mucosal immunity. (who.int)
  • Alipon et al mucosal immunity to stop the spread of poliovirus, and From June 2019 to March 2021, a further 20 at the time of the switch, there was a severe shortage stool samples from 13 AFP cases, two contacts of AFP of the IPV so that large cohorts of newborns were left cases and five healthy children, plus 23 environmental unvaccinated. (who.int)
  • Providers should consider observing all vaccine recipients for 15 minutes after vaccination for syncope, per the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' General Best Practice Guidelines . (cdc.gov)
  • We recently reported a live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate with re-engineered viral transcription regulator sequences and deleted open-reading-frames (ORF) 3, 6, 7, and 8 (Δ3678) is highly attenuated in mice and hamsters and vaccination with Δ3678 SARS-CoV-2 protect hamsters from wild-type virus challenge and transmission. (aai.org)
  • Here we report that a single dose intranasal vaccination with the Δ3678 SARS-CoV-2 live attenuated vaccine candidate induced strong SARS-CoV-2-specific systemic and mucosal humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses at one-month post-vaccination and day 4 post wild-type virus challenge, which are at similar levels to those infected with wild-type virus. (aai.org)
  • In summary, our results suggest that the Δ3678 SARS-CoV-2 live attenuated vaccine protects mice from wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection by induction of protective mucosal and systemic cell-mediated and humoral responses. (aai.org)
  • This article reviews recent studies on mucosal immune responses induced by polysaccharide based vaccines and some protein vaccine antigens against several pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria, and discusses the mechanisms and functions of these immune responses that may help our understanding of mucosal immune responses to both immunisation and infection. (bmj.com)
  • Live attenuated mucosal influenza vaccine has been licensed in the USA, but it will probably be some time before others go into general use. (bmj.com)
  • JENNIFER GOMMERMAN: This is the first example where we can show that a local mucosal immune response is made even though the person got the vaccine in an intramuscular delivery. (ksmu.org)
  • Gommerman says most scientists have assumed that a vaccine would have to be delivered directly to the mucosal tissue to generate antibodies in the nose or throat. (ksmu.org)
  • To promote vaccination in all settings, health-care providers should implement standing orders to identify adults recommended for hepatitis B vaccination and administer vaccination as part of routine clinical services, not require acknowledgment of an HBV infection risk factor for adults to receive vaccine, and use available reimbursement mechanisms to remove financial barriers to hepatitis B vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • When mothers received COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, the vaccine effectiveness against COVID-related hospitalization was 35% among infants less than six months and 54% in the initial three months of their life. (medicaldaily.com)
  • 1 2 The Rubini strain is still widely used in Europe, 3 and we report here a large outbreak of mumps in a population with a high vaccination rate and examine the differential efficacy of the three vaccine strains. (bmj.com)
  • How could IM injection of a VLP vaccine prevent mucosal or cutaneous infection at the cervix? (hstalks.com)
  • Ltd. (RSA), to investigate EmzaloidTM Technology as a mucosal vaccine delivery system. (port.ac.uk)
  • Mucosal vaccine delivery. (port.ac.uk)
  • The vaccine was safe and well tolerated, induced potent serum IgG & IgA responses waning post last vaccination, and low and intermittent mucosal IgG, but did not induce neutralizing activity neither in serum nor vaginal samples. (europa.eu)
  • Moreover, it is expected that the vaccine will even be effective in people who have not previously responded to vaccination ('RBD non-responders'), as they will receive additional T-cell support from the PreS portion of the vaccine. (meduniwien.ac.at)
  • The study demonstrated that a combination of intramuscular PD1-based receptor-binding domain (RBD) DNA vaccine (PD1-RBD-DNA) prime and intranasal live attenuated influenza-based vaccine (LAIV-HK68-RBD) boost vaccination regimen induced the strongest mucosal broadly neutralising antibodies and lung resident memory CD8 T cells, which prevented live SARS-CoV-2 nasal challenges in two animal models. (hku.hk)
  • A brief from the National Center for Health Statistics showed that the percentage of adults over the age of 60 years old who received the shingles vaccine has jumped from 6.7% in 2008 to 34.5% in 2018, suggesting positive progress in recent years to improve vaccination rates. (drugtopics.com)
  • Defining surrogate serologic tests with respect to predicting protective vaccine efficacy: Poliovirus vaccination. (who.int)
  • This report describes generation of a recombinant Sudan virus and demonstrates its utility by quantifying antibody cross-reactivity between Ebola and Sudan virus glycoproteins after human infection or vaccination with a licensed Ebola virus vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • discuss the history of polio globally and the United States, outline the current investigation and response to the case of paralytic polio New York, describe how to recognize, diagnose, and report suspected paralytic polio cases in the United States, and distinguish the differences between inactivated polio vaccine and oral polio vaccine and the importance of maintaining high polio vaccination coverage. (cdc.gov)
  • understand the history of polio in the U.S. and globally, describe polioviruses, understand the incubation period and transmission of poliovirus, and understand the impact of polio vaccination and the different types of vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • It is perhaps a strange coincidence that in this issue of Mucosal Immunology a review entitled "Seasonal and pandemic influenza: 100 years of progress, still much to learn" is being published, while at the same time another global pandemic, this time caused by a novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2, also known as Covid-19, spreads around the globe. (nature.com)
  • Mucosal antibodies play a key role in protection against breakthrough COVID-19 infections and emerging viral variants. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, little is known about how Vaxzevria vaccination impacts the ability of mucosal antibodies to induce Fc responses, particularly against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we profiled paired mucosal ( saliva , tears ) and plasma antibodies from COVID-19 vaccinated only vaccinees (uninfected, vaccinated) and COVID-19 recovered vaccinees (COVID-19 recovered, vaccinated) who both received Vaxzevria vaccines . (bvsalud.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 ancestral-specific IgG antibodies capable of engaging FcγR3a were significantly higher in the mucosal samples of COVID-19 recovered Vaxzevria vaccinees in comparison with vaccinated only vaccinees. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our data highlight that while intramuscular Vaxzevria vaccination can enhance mucosal antibodies responses in COVID-19 recovered vaccinees, restrictions by ancestral-centric bias may have implications for COVID-19 protection . (bvsalud.org)
  • A new study by researchers in France reports impaired neutralization of two new SARS-CoV-2 variants by antibodies induced by vaccination or natural infection. (news-medical.net)
  • PALCA: What Tal has found is that in addition to the circulating antibodies, there are a surprisingly large amount of antibodies in mucosal membranes in the nose and mouth, two of the primary entry points for the coronavirus. (ksmu.org)
  • PALCA: If there are antibodies in the mucosal membranes, they would be coating any virus that gets into the nose or throat. (ksmu.org)
  • To compensate for inactivated vaccines' low levels of antibodies at mucosal level is not commercially practicable. (pigprogress.net)
  • PreS-RBD-specific IgG antibodies detected in blood and mucosal secretions reacted with SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the omicron variant. (meduniwien.ac.at)
  • Antibodies induced by vaccination with PreS-RBD more potently inhibited the binding of RBD with its human receptor ACE2, and their virus-neutralizing titers were higher than those in a random sample of individuals fully immunized with two vaccinations of currently registered vaccines or than those of COVID-19 convalescents (i.e., individuals who had previously had COVID-19). (meduniwien.ac.at)
  • In this HKUMed study, substantially higher systemic and mucosal antibodies IgA/IgG and lung resident polyfunctional memory CD8 T cells were induced mainly by the heterologous combination regimen as compared with current COVID-19 vaccination regimens. (hku.hk)
  • Healthcare personnel who are trained and qualified to recognize the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, as well as administer intramuscular epinephrine, should be available at the vaccination location at all times. (cdc.gov)
  • Intramuscular adenovirus -based vaccination ( Vaxzevria ) only weakly induces nasal IgG and IgA responses, unless vaccinees have been previously infected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its consequences, including cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. (cdc.gov)
  • This report, the second of a two-part statement from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), provides updated recommendations to increase hepatitis B vaccination of adults at risk for HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • In settings in which a high proportion of adults have risks for HBV infection (e.g., sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus testing and treatment facilities, drug-abuse treatment and prevention settings, health-care settings targeting services to IDUs, health-care settings targeting services to MSM, and correctional facilities), ACIP recommends universal hepatitis B vaccination for all unvaccinated adults. (cdc.gov)
  • In other primary care and specialty medical settings in which adults at risk for HBV infection receive care, health-care providers should inform all patients about the health benefits of vaccination, including risks for HBV infection and persons for whom vaccination is recommended, and vaccinate adults who report risks for HBV infection and any adults requesting protection from HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 275 million of infections with nearly 5.36 million deaths by now, yet few vaccines approved for emergency use can induce sufficient mucosal protection for preventing robust SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection. (hku.hk)
  • When two vaccinated mouse models were challenged at the memory phase, 35 days after the second vaccination, prevention of robust SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasal turbinate was achieved primarily by the heterologous combination regimen besides consistent protection in lungs. (hku.hk)
  • Cervical cancer may be eliminated as a public health problem by vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, even in low-income countries where cervical cancer is the major cancer type. (who.int)
  • When compared with no vaccination, immunisation with the Rubini strain resulted in no detectable benefit. (bmj.com)
  • Mucosal immunisation has the potential to alter disease trajectory by tackling the virus earlier, slowing any advance from the nasal cavity. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • Figure 1 highlights the nasal-pharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) that constitutes the nasal immune system and is consequently the primary target for intranasal vaccination. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • Figure 1: Side view of the nasal cavity highlighting the NALT, the primary target for intranasal vaccination. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • We believe that using nasal spray vaccination to build up protection in the upper respiratory tract is the key strategy to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and important for the ultimate control of COVID-19 pandemic,' said Professor Chen Honglin, Professor of Department of Microbiology, HKUMed, who co-led the research. (hku.hk)
  • Previous laboratory studies have shown that in military personnel that received anthrax vaccination through nasal and oral mucosal membranes, specific antibody and specific IgG are detectable from saliva [8,9]. (bvsalud.org)
  • Detailed information on CDC recommendations for vaccination, including contraindications and precautions to vaccination, can be found in the Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States . (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence has begun to accumulate that these new polysaccharide based conjugate vaccines can also reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and can induce immune responses at the local mucosal level, which may be responsible for these effects. (bmj.com)
  • Several new mucosal vaccines against respiratory infections are under development. (bmj.com)
  • Recent studies show that parenterally administered capsular polysaccharide (PS) based vaccines can induce mucosal immune responses. (bmj.com)
  • Although the current vaccination reduced rates of hospitalisation, severity and death significantly, these vaccines are much less effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 respiratory transmission, which has posted great challenges for the pandemic control. (hku.hk)
  • Comprehensive data document the safety and high efficacy of HPV vaccines, especially in adolescent girls, who are the priority target for HPV vaccination. (who.int)
  • Julie Suman and Nektaria Karavas discuss the challenges and opportunities of intranasal vaccination - showcasing current understanding for both liquid and powder products. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • 1 More generally, the attractions of intranasal vaccination point to potential for other indications, such as respiratory syncytial virus. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • Murine airway luminal antituberculosis memory CD8 T cells by mucosal immunization are maintained via antigen-driven in situ proliferation, independent of peripheral T cell recruitment. (nih.gov)
  • Hepatitis B is a disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted through percutaneous (i.e., puncture through the skin) or mucosal (i.e., direct contact with mucous membranes) exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. (cdc.gov)
  • CCHF can cause bleeding in mucosal membranes as well as the skin. (who.int)
  • Anaphylaxis, an acute and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, has been reported rarely following COVID-19 vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • These interim considerations provide information on preparing for the initial assessment and potential management of anaphylaxis following COVID-19 vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • COVID-19 vaccination locations should have at least 3 doses of age-appropriate epinephrine available at all times, and the ability to quickly obtain additional doses to replace supplies after epinephrine is administered to a patient. (cdc.gov)
  • Mucosal antibody responses following Vaxzevria vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
  • induced mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and T helper type 17 (Th17) responses, and in addition evoked elevated systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, IgG-producing plasma cells, memory B cells, and Th17 cells. (uu.nl)
  • The 'gold standard' method to assess humoral antibody responses fol owing vaccination is the neutralization assay. (who.int)
  • The cause of oral melanoma or melanoma of any mucosal surface remains unknown, and the incidence has remained stable for more than 25 years. (medscape.com)
  • Mucosal melanoma represents 1-2% of all melanomas, 6 with 25-50% in the head and neck-that is, upper respiratory tract, oral cavity, and pharynx. (bmj.com)
  • Wide local excision of malignant mucosal melanoma. (bmj.com)
  • The project has been structured in 3 main pathways or "tracks": a Discovery track, aiming at designing gp41-based antigens (Ag) using an iterative improvement process, and two development tracks (Parenteral and Mucosal) to determine the safety and immunogenicity of the Ags and the optimal administration conditions before selecting the most promising candidate for clinical development. (europa.eu)
  • Prognosis regarding the clinical behavior of the mucosal lesions has been extrapolated from knowledge of the cutaneous lesions. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to cutaneous melanomas, which are etiologically linked to sun exposure, risk factors for mucosal melanomas are unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Reported prevalence rates have ranged from less than 1 to a high of 25 per 1,000 children surveyed and have prompted many countries to undertake polio vaccination programs. (who.int)
  • Polio has been eliminated in most countries before 2016 type 2 was estimated to cause 40% of all globally through vaccination. (who.int)
  • Rüttgers studied the benefit of vaccination with Gynatren in preventing bacterial vaginitis in a patient group with frequent vaginal infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nontypable strains can also cause invasive disease but more commonly cause mucosal infections such as otitis media, conjunctivitis, and sinusitis. (cdc.gov)
  • The patient received 20 sessions of radiotherapy (50 Gy) to the right maxillary antrum, and also immunological therapy (vaccination with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with allogenic tumour lysate, and whole body hyperthermia accompanied by low dose interferon). (bmj.com)
  • Every year, millions of people die of infectious diseases worldwide, most of which are caused by pathogens invading the host via mucosal surfaces, including the respiratory tract. (bmj.com)
  • Anti-vaccination campaigns and the relatively high cost, coupled with the necessarily protracted time frame to cancer prevention, hamper adequate coverage and universal implementation of HPV vaccination. (who.int)
  • More than 25 protocols were performed in rabbits to: i) screen all the Ags in Parenteral studies, ii) evaluate optimal route of administration and formulations in Mucosal studies. (europa.eu)
  • Furthermore, in mice with a history of chronic UTI, cyclooxygenase-2-dependent inflammation allowed a variety of clinical E. coli isolates to circumvent intracellular colonization resistance and cause severe recurrent UTI, which could be prevented by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition or vaccination. (nih.gov)
  • Vaccination locations that anticipate vaccinating large numbers of people (e.g., mass vaccination clinics) should plan adequate staffing and supplies (including epinephrine) for the assessment and potential management of anaphylaxis. (cdc.gov)
  • CCHF is of epidemiological importance because of the lack of specific treatment and vaccination and its high case fatality rate (7, 8). (who.int)
  • On the one hand the government's medical establishment, say only that vaccination may carry with it the slightest possible risk of headaches and minor temporary inconvenience. (whale.to)