Mucins are membrane bound mucin 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

VWF mediates the adhesion of platelets to sites of vascular damage by binding to specific platelet membrane glycoproteins and to constituents of exposed connective tissue. (embl.de)
Mammalian mucins, glycoproteins that are major constituents of the glycocalyx that covers mucosal epithelium. (embl.de)
Mucins are high molecular-weight glycoproteins (120-1000 kDa) with sialylated oligosaccharides. (romj.org)
Mucus comprises water, glycoproteins (mucins), and ions. (bmj.com)
Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins , mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins . (lookformedical.com)

Mucin-4 (MUC-4) is a mucin protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
MUC4 is an O-glycoprotein that can reach up to 2 micrometers outside the cell. (wikipedia.org)
MUC4 mucin consists of a large extracellular alpha subunit that is heavily glycosylated and a beta subunit that is anchored in the cell membrane and extends into the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
namely, MUC3, MUC4, MUC12, MUC13, and the recently described mucin MUC17, which share a C-terminal structural domain that consists of two or three epithelial growth factor (EGF)-like regions, a transmembrane segment, and a short cytoplasmic tail. (bmj.com)
There was no significant difference in the gene expression of secreted mucin Muc6 or of membrane-bound mucins (such as Muc1 and Muc4) in Muc2−/− mice relative to wild-type mice after 1 week of intragastric feeding of ethanol (Fig. 4B). (rafsignaling.com)
MUC4 is a heterodimeric membrane mucin composed of a mucin subunit ASGP-1 (MUC4α) and a transmembrane subunit ASGP-2 (MUC4β) which has been implicated in the safety of epithelial cell surfaces. (healthanddietblog.info)
Intro Rat Muc4/SMC (sialomucin complex) is definitely a heterodimeric membrane mucin composed of a mucin subunit ASGP-1 (called MUC4α in human being) and a transmembrane subunit ASGP-2 (MUC4β in human being) (Sherblom and Carraway 1980 Carraway et al. (healthanddietblog.info)
2002 With QX 314 chloride this context Muc4/SMC binds the receptor ErbB2 and modulates its localization (Ramsauer et al. (healthanddietblog.info)

Membrane bound mucins MUC1 and MUC3 appear to be associated with the development of gastric carcinoma. (bmj.com)
Aberrant (upregulated) expression of the MUC1 mucin has been seen in breast carcinomas and other neoplasms, such as colon and pancreatic cancers. (bmj.com)
1, 2 Most studies of MUC1 expression in breast carcinomas have shown that increased membrane MUC1 mucin expression on the apical cell surface is associated with a better prognosis (reviewed in Rahn and colleagues 2 ), whereas circumferential staining in tumour cell cytoplasm is associated with a worse prognosis. (bmj.com)

MUC-4 belongs to the human mucin family that is membrane-anchored and can range in molecular weight from 550 to 930 kDa for the actual protein, and up to 4,650 kDa with glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
We have previously demonstrated that MUC17 is anchored to the apical membrane domain via an interaction with the scaffolding protein PDZK1. (scilifelab.se)
Using Caco-2 cells as a model system, we found that induction of an inflammatory state by long-term stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα resulted in an increase of MUC17 protein levels and enhanced insertion of MUC17 and its two phospho-variants into apical membranes. (scilifelab.se)
To investigate whether the absence of Muc2 results in a compensatory up-regulation of other intestinal mucins after ethanol administration, intestinal gene and protein expression of several mucins was assessed. (rafsignaling.com)
Mammalian bone morphogenetic protein-binding (BMP-binding) endothelial regulator protein. (embl.de)
Species diversity in the structure of zonadhesin, a sperm-specific membrane protein containing multiple cell adhesion molecule-like domains. (embl.de)
A pig sperm protein that binds to the extracellular matrix of the egg in a species-specific manner was recently identified and named zonadhesin (Hardy, D. M., and Garbers, D. L. (1995) J. Biol. (embl.de)
Mucins are characterized by a core protein heavily decorated by many sugar structures [5, 9, 10]. (milkgenomics.org)
The molecular structure of mucin is like a bottle brush flower with its stem representing the mucin protein and the red flowers representing the dense array of sugars attached to the protein (see illustration). (milkgenomics.org)
Sando and colleagues demonstrated that a principal milk fat globule membrane protein is the milk mucin named MUC-1, which is densely decorated with a variety of sugars that also resemble the sugar structures on proteins present on the surface of gut cells [10]. (milkgenomics.org)
Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)
Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. (lookformedical.com)

Like other mucins, MUC-4 is a high-molecular weight glycoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein found on the cell surface, although secreted isoforms may exist. (wikipedia.org)
However, there was no correlation between CEA level and cystic mucinous secretions or mucinous epithelial cytoplasm CEA staining, mucin glycoprotein expression, size of lesion, grade of dysplasia or presence of invasive carcinoma. (gastrores.org)
Mucin glycoprotein expression in IMPN epithelial cells within the cyst lining is routinely used to help characterize these IPMN subtypes by immunohistochemistry [ 12 ]. (gastrores.org)

Mucinases are enzymes capable of degrading mucins (the complex high molecular weight molecules that are the major non-aqueous components of mucous gels). (bmj.com)

Adsorption of mucin by hydroxyapatite is related mainly to Ca-dependent electrostatic interactions between calcium ions and COO- of mucin [5]. (romj.org)
The soluble form of the mucin may aid this protecting function by loose adsorption to the membrane mucin (McNeer et al. (healthanddietblog.info)

Transmembrane mucin MUC17 is an integral part of the glycocalyx as it covers the brush border membrane of small intestinal enterocytes and presents an extended O-glycosylated mucin domain to the intestinal lumen. (scilifelab.se)

Mammalian zonadhesin, which binds in a species-specific manner to the zona pellucida of the egg. (embl.de)
Mammalian alpha-tectorin, which is one of the major non-collagenous components of the tectorial membrane. (embl.de)
Mammalian vitellogenin, a major lipoprotein in many oviparous animals, which is a precursor of a lipid-binding product named as lipovitellin. (embl.de)
Disease-causing bacteria often bind to complex sugar structures on the surface of mammalian gut cells and then disrupt gut cell functions. (milkgenomics.org)

The researchers hope that their method and findings will help in tackling other viruses that infect individuals through places like the lungs and respiratory tracts, which have mucin-rich mucous coatings. (phys.org)

The major constituents of mucus, the viscous secretion that covers epithelial surfaces such as those in the trachea, colon, and cervix, are highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. (wikipedia.org)
1, 2 This review approaches the role of mucin degrading enzymes from the potential interaction of micro-organisms with the cervical mucus barrier, and discusses the contribution that mucin degrading enzymes may make to microbial colonisation of the reproductive tract. (bmj.com)

Several studies have reported conflicting and inconclusive results concerning the clinical relevance of mucin expression in gastric carcinoma. (bmj.com)
This study investigated the correlations between aberrant expression of mucins in gastric carcinoma and patient clinicopathological features. (bmj.com)

Overexpression and increased presentation at the plasma membrane of wild-type MUC17 and its phosphodeficient variant MUC17 S-4492A protected Caco-2 cells against adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, indicating that C-terminal phosphorylation of MUC17 may play a functional role in epithelial cell protection. (scilifelab.se)
Epithelial mucins can be classified into two distinct families: secretory (gel forming) and membrane bound. (bmj.com)
In general, mucins have the unique function of protecting and lubricating epithelial surfaces, but in recent years they have also been implicated in additional diverse roles, such as growth, fetal development, epithelial renewal and differentiation, epithelial integrity, carcinogenesis, and metastasis. (bmj.com)

When overexpressed, the disorganization of mucins may reduce adhesion to other cells as well as the extracellular matrix, promoting cancer cell migration and metastasis. (wikipedia.org)

The human transmembrane mucin MUC17 responds to TNFα by increased presentation at the plasma membrane. (scilifelab.se)
Transmembrane mucins have previously been shown to play a role in the prevention of bacterial colonization by acting as sheddable decoys for encroaching bacteria. (scilifelab.se)

The proinflammatory effect of mucin-coated particles is still unclear, and our aim was to study the role of mucin sorption in activation of neutrophil respiratory burst. (romj.org)

Carpenter J , Kesimer M. Membrane-bound mucins of the airway mucosal surfaces are densely decorated with keratan sulfate: revisiting their role in the Lung's innate defense . (unc.edu)

Partial or complete degradation of mucin molecules by microbial enzymes is often a fundamental step in disruption of defensive mucosal barriers, as these constitute direct interfaces between internal and external environments. (bmj.com)
The possible contribution of mucin degrading enzymes to the pathogenesis of infection is, therefore, not to be underestimated. (bmj.com)
Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates , however they are not considered lectins . (lookformedical.com)

Some predicted forms are soluble, while others are membrane bound. (wikipedia.org)
1990 QX 314 chloride A second cleavage happens at a similar time in some cells to release a soluble form of the mucin (Komatsu et al. (healthanddietblog.info)

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. (lookformedical.com)

Full-length RipD carrying the C-terminal repeat shows, however, a decrease in binding affinity to peptidoglycan, suggesting that the C-terminal tail modulates the interaction with bacterial cell wall components. (scilifelab.se)
Ingested milk fat globule membrane proteins act as a decoy in the gut by binding to some bacterial species and stopping them from attaching to gut cells, thereby preventing disease. (milkgenomics.org)
Gaiani and colleagues [1] investigated whether a probiotic bacterial species, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG , binds to gut cells grown in the laboratory. (milkgenomics.org)

Once a virus is successfully bound, the cell membrane folds back on itself to swallow the virus, along with the mucins and other cell surface sugars in the vicinity, to make a small bubble inside the cell, called an endosome. (phys.org)
Wild mucins are structurally varied in how long they are and what sugars decorate their branches, so the team made a series of short and long mucins that either contained or lacked sialic acid. (phys.org)
Milk contains fat globules, which are small liquid fat droplets surrounded by a thin membrane containing a number of proteins decorated by sugars [10]. (milkgenomics.org)

Radicioni G, Cao R, Carpenter J , Ford AA, Wang T, Li L, Kesimer M. The innate immune properties of airway mucosal surfaces are regulated by dynamic interactions between mucins and interacting proteins: the mucin interactome . (unc.edu)
A major impediment to this process is the mucosal barrier, which exists in a secreted or membrane bound form. (bmj.com)

They found that increasing the density of mucins on the surface inhibited two major steps of influenza A infection. (phys.org)
The pair recognized their shared interest in how mucins on cell membranes affect viral infection. (phys.org)
Combined with previous research, this finding supports a theory that cells make more mucins in response to infection to make a thicker barrier that impedes the flu virus during binding and fusion. (phys.org)
The COVID-19 outbreak presents the unprecedented challenge for world public and medical practitioners and health care providers, the post COVID-19 condition (or long COVID) includes long term symptoms which may persist for months or years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. (gastrores.org)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is still threatening the human life and society throughout the world. (techscience.com)

When the mucins are planted close together, however, they extend straighter from the surface and create a thicker barrier that the incoming virus must navigate. (phys.org)

Obviously, sorption of mucin but not that of HSA stimulated generation of reactive oxygen and halogen species with no increase in cytokine production. (romj.org)

Though it can protect epithelia from invasion it also may disrupt normal cell-cell relationships if the mucin is definitely overproduced. (healthanddietblog.info)

CP were incubated in mucin or human serum albumin (HSA) giving CP-Muc and CP-HSA. (romj.org)

Second, mucins often contain a specific sugar, called sialic acid, that could tether the virus to a cell and help position it to bind to receptors on the cell surface . (phys.org)
Further experiments showed that when there is ample space between them, mucins of various lengths can relax on themselves and settle atop the cell surface resulting in a thin mucin coat. (phys.org)
2002 The membrane mucin may lengthen more than a micron from your cell surface. (healthanddietblog.info)

Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. (lookformedical.com)

Mucin, a major component of mucosa, is not only absorbed by these particles but is also actively incorporated [2, 4]. (romj.org)

A recent publication by Claire Gaiani and 11 colleagues highlights the important role of milk fat globule membrane proteins in preventing attachment of bacteria to gut cells [1]. (milkgenomics.org)

First, when cells are infected with viruses, they often begin making a lot more mucins. (phys.org)
Milk fat globule membrane proteins are heavily decorated by a variety of sugar structures like those present on the surface of gut cells. (milkgenomics.org)
McGuckin and colleagues concluded that the sugar structures on gut mucins often resemble the sugar structures present on the surface of gut cells [5]. (milkgenomics.org)
The latter structures are used by bacteria to bind to cells, which often then leads to cellular injury. (milkgenomics.org)
These investigators concluded that one of the functions of MUC-1 is to bind pathogenic bacteria, thereby diverting these bacteria from binding to gut cells [9]. (milkgenomics.org)
2002 To avoid this problem cells must have stringent mechanisms for controlling membrane mucin production. (healthanddietblog.info)

The active site contains an aspartate residue for acid-base catalysis, and a carboxylated lysine and four histidine residues for binding of a binuclear metal centre. (scilifelab.se)

[ 1 , 2 ] Dry eye disease is a common form of ocular surface disease (OSD) and may overlap with other causes of OSD, such as limbal steam cell insufficiency and ocular graft-versus-host disease. (medscape.com)
They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form. (lookformedical.com)

2002 Several functions have been attributed to membrane mucins. (healthanddietblog.info)

2019 Feb;60(2):209-220. (unc.edu)

S4492, localized in the C-terminal PDZ binding motif of MUC17, was mutated to generate phosphomimetic and phosphodeficient variants of MUC17. (scilifelab.se)
According to our analysis of the SPRINT-2 sequencing data, the emergence of resistance-associated variants potentially could have been avoided in up Opaganib concentration to 73% of the 49 evaluable cases satisfying the week 12 stopping rule of an HCV RNA level ≥100 IU/mL. (rafsignaling.com)

Membrane-tethered mucin-like polypeptides sterically inhibit binding and slow fusion kinetics of influenza A virus, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). (phys.org)

RipD (Rv1566c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: adaptation of an NlpC/p60 domain to a non-catalytic peptidoglycan-binding function. (scilifelab.se)
1998 A second function of the mucin is definitely to regulate signaling from your membrane (Carraway et al. (healthanddietblog.info)

Investigations led by Sando, Gaiani, and their colleagues demonstrate that milk also contains a mucin, MUC-1, that takes the fine art of deception and diversion to another level [1, 9, 10]. (milkgenomics.org)

In the study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on May 26, chemistry graduate students and co-lead authors Bette Webster and Corleone Delaveris made synthetic versions of wild mucins and anchored them to lab-made membranes. (phys.org)

Earlier it was shown that crystals coated with plasma proteins can stimulate greater chemiluminescent response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes than untreated particles [7], but little is known about effects of adsorbed mucin. (romj.org)

Thus, the mucin-coated CP has the potential to contribute to gallstone-associated cholecystitis via oxidative damage of mucosa and epithelium. (romj.org)
Hemolytic activity was also assayed to control possibility of direct cell membrane damage [11, 12]. (romj.org)

The researchers wanted to deconvolute the ways that the length of mucins, their density on the surface, and the amount of sialic acid could each help or inhibit membrane binding and fusion. (phys.org)

Este artículo revisa los estudios experimentales centrados en el desarrollo de vacunas para el control de la toxocariasis, y se presta especial atención a los estudios epidemiológicos relevantes sobre la importancia de los caninos domésticos en la toxocariasis humana. (scielo.org.co)

They found that a dense coat of mucins hindered binding and slowed down fusion. (phys.org)

Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates . (lookformedical.com)

Objective - Mucin can promote formation of gallstones via precipitation with calcium phosphate. (romj.org)

Then a water solution (100 mL) of 6.24 g NaH 2 PO 4 ∙2H 2 O (purum) was added dropwise within an hour and obtained mixture was gently refluxed for 3 days. (romj.org)

PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). (lookformedical.com)

Anatomy22

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Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes23

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Glycoproteins5

MUC48

MUC13

Protein12

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Mammalian4

Mucous1

Mucus2

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Enzymes3

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