• Partial or complete degradation of mucin molecules by microbial enzymes is often a fundamental step in disruption of defensive mucosal barriers, as these constitute direct interfaces between internal and external environments. (bmj.com)
  • A recently published mouse study on a strain of Bifidobacterium dentium , a human-derived species, showed that it increased intestinal mucus synthesis and expulsion, without extensive degradation of mucin glycans. (powerofprobiotics.com)
  • Viral infection was enhanced with enzymatic removal of extracellular mucin domains, but not individuals' fucose sugars or sialic acid. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Fucose is a monosaccharide that is commonly found in the cell walls of bacteria and is involved in the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids. (lookformedical.com)
  • Bifidobacterium in general are known to control pathogen growth and survival, adhere to intestinal mucins, and modulate mucus production by goblet cells through SCFA (short-chain fatty acid) production and other metabolites, thereby maintaining a healthy mucus layer. (powerofprobiotics.com)
  • Mucins, the main constituents of the mucus layer, are glycoproteins synthesized by goblet cells. (scielo.br)
  • Mucins are high molecular-weight glycoproteins (120-1000 kDa) with sialylated oligosaccharides. (romj.org)
  • Composite diagram of proposed structures for typical branched oligosaccharides in human 223 and pig 219 gastric mucin glycoproteins showing the immunodeterminant blood group A and H (- - -) and I (‐ ‐ ‐) saccharide structures. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Intestinal mucus is composed primarily of the gel-forming secreted mucin MUC2 protein synthesized by intestinal goblet cells. (powerofprobiotics.com)
  • In the respiratory tract, human coronaviruses depend on sialic acids linked to glycoproteins or gangliosides as the main attachment sites. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Glycosylated mucins might provide viral binding sites by being decorated with sialic acids. (breathinglabs.com)
  • The transmembrane mucin MUC1 co- localizes with CFTR. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • Meanwhile, MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16 are transmembrane (TM) mucins that can facilitate or restrict microbial invasion at the apical surface of the epithelium. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Additionally, proteolytic cleavage of the spike protein, mediated by the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), is required for viral entry. (breathinglabs.com)
  • This study analyzed the role played by transmembrane mucins and their terminal glycans in the SARS-CoV-2 entry process in primary airway cultures and a respiratory cell line. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Mucin-4 (MUC-4) is a mucin protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both brefeldin A and monensin disrupt glycoprotein processing by inhibiting protein translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight. (lookformedical.com)
  • Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins , mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins . (lookformedical.com)
  • Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)
  • Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cftr-/- mice showed a higher expression of Muc6 at both protein and RNA levels compared with their control Cftr+/+ littermates suggesting that as in the human disease, Muc6 may contribute to the formation of materials that block pancreatic acini and ducts in mouse models of cystic fibrosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Long-term activation of protein kinase C by 2 h exposure to PMA caused a dose-dependent increase in Na/H antiporter activity 24 h later. (jci.org)
  • The major constituents of mucus, the viscous secretion that covers epithelial surfaces such as those in the trachea, colon, and cervix, are highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. (wikipedia.org)
  • These glycoproteins play important roles in the protection of the epithelial cells and have been implicated in epithelial renewal and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, there was no correlation between CEA level and cystic mucinous secretions or mucinous epithelial cytoplasm CEA staining, mucin glycoprotein expression, size of lesion, grade of dysplasia or presence of invasive carcinoma. (gastrores.org)
  • Mucin glycoprotein expression in IMPN epithelial cells within the cyst lining is routinely used to help characterize these IPMN subtypes by immunohistochemistry [ 12 ]. (gastrores.org)
  • A recent PLOS Pathogens study analyzed the role played by host mucins and mucin glycans with regard to SARS-CoV-2 entry into the airway epithelial cells. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells were seen to express high levels of MUC1. (breathinglabs.com)
  • High molecular weight mucoproteins that protect the surface of EPITHELIAL CELLS by providing a barrier to particulate matter and microorganisms. (lookformedical.com)
  • Earlier it was shown that crystals coated with plasma proteins can stimulate greater chemiluminescent response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes than untreated particles [7], but little is known about effects of adsorbed mucin. (romj.org)
  • Mucins are a family of high molecular weight O-glycosylated proteins. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Agrin-like glycoproteins and proteins with sugar-binding domains are also predominant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The role of mucins, high molecular weight glycoproteins that comprise the mucus, in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is currently being investigated. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • The rabbit anti-mouse Muc6 polyclonal antibody seems highly specific to the mouse mucin and will be useful to study pancreatic pathology in cystic fibrosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • MUC4 is an O-glycoprotein that can reach up to 2 micrometers outside the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • MUC4 mucin consists of a large extracellular alpha subunit that is heavily glycosylated and a beta subunit that is anchored in the cell membrane and extends into the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, given the current state of research, it is difficult to conclude whether some specific mucins, such as MUC1, MUC4, or MUC16, or TM mucins in general are protective or contribute to severe disease, within the complexity of the body, during different stages of pathogenesis. (breathinglabs.com)
  • When overexpressed, the disorganization of mucins may reduce adhesion to other cells as well as the extracellular matrix, promoting cancer cell migration and metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • StcE, which is the mucin-selective protease, cleaves the glycosylated extracellular portion of the mucins without disturbing the underlying domains. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Based on these observations, a model was proposed in which glycosylated extracellular mucin domains form a protective layer on the ACE2 receptor. (breathinglabs.com)
  • It was concluded that during SARS-CoV-2 infection of human respiratory Calu-3 cells the MUC1 extracellular domain prevents the binding of the virus to the underlying receptor. (breathinglabs.com)
  • In sum, this study sheds light on the role of glycosylated extracellular mucin domains as a host defense mechanism during SARS-CoV-2 entry. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Influence of the application of enemas with oily extract of curcumin ( Curcuma longa ) on the tissue content of neutral and acidic mucins in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream ☆ ☆ Study conducted at Universidade São Francisco (USF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil. (scielo.br)
  • To verify if the application of enemas containing oily extracts of curcumin preserves the tissue content of mucins in the glands of the colonic mucosa without fecal stream. (scielo.br)
  • Enemas with curcumin preserve the content of neutral and acidic mucins in the colonic epithelium without fecal stream. (scielo.br)
  • 2 2 Gaudier E, Hoebler C. Physiological role of mucins in the colonic barrier integrity. (scielo.br)
  • Thus, the mucin-coated CP has the potential to contribute to gallstone-associated cholecystitis via oxidative damage of mucosa and epithelium. (romj.org)
  • Mucin, a major component of mucosa, is not only absorbed by these particles but is also actively incorporated [2, 4]. (romj.org)
  • Mucosa was formalin fixed, embedded in paraffin wax, and sections were stained with periodic acid‐Schiff stain for mucin. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Tissue quantification of neutral and acid mucins in the mucosa of the colon with and without fecal stream in rats. (scielo.br)
  • If the mucus is already sparse, enhancing the growth of more mucin-degrading microbes, and particularly pathogens, without balancing the mucus status is a recipe for disease. (powerofprobiotics.com)
  • Mucinases are enzymes capable of degrading mucins (the complex high molecular weight molecules that are the major non-aqueous components of mucous gels). (bmj.com)
  • This can be explained by the large hydrated glycoprotein molecules at higher concentrations occupying the whole solution volume and their overlapping molecular domains interacting noncovalently to form the mucus‐gel matrix. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Excessive exposure to Cd has been reported to trigger oxidative stress, induce cellular and molecular alterations that disrupt the body's metabolic equilibrium, and damage the intestine, resulting in dysbiosis ( 2 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The characterization of the first anti-mouse Muc6 antibody shows an increased expression of the mucin in pancreatic tissue of Cftr-knockout mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The possible contribution of mucin degrading enzymes to the pathogenesis of infection is, therefore, not to be underestimated. (bmj.com)
  • Rising levels of CA 125 in the absence of clinical or radiographic findings indicate what is termed as a biochemical relapse, which precedes a clinically detected relapse by 2-6 months. (medscape.com)
  • 1, 2 This review approaches the role of mucin degrading enzymes from the potential interaction of micro-organisms with the cervical mucus barrier, and discusses the contribution that mucin degrading enzymes may make to microbial colonisation of the reproductive tract. (bmj.com)
  • The proinflammatory effect of mucin-coated particles is still unclear, and our aim was to study the role of mucin sorption in activation of neutrophil respiratory burst. (romj.org)
  • The aim of the present work was to investigate the chemiluminescence (CL) of neutrophils activated with calcium phosphate particles coated with mucin. (romj.org)
  • Particles coated with 2 kDa PEG exhibited a decreased adhesion to mucus components, whereas chitosan strongly increased the adhesion. (omicsdi.org)
  • dependence of solution viscosity of pig gastric mucus on glycoprotein concentration. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Viscosity of the solution rises asymptotically with increased glycoprotein concentration until it assumes the properties of a gel at a glycoprotein concentration of ∼50 mg/ml 14,20. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Concentration of glycoprotein in gastric mucus (pig and human) is ∼50 mg/ml. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • There was an increase in the tissue content of neutral mucins in animals treated with curcumin at a concentration of 50 mg/kg/day for four weeks, whereas in the group treated with 200 mg/kg/day there was an increase independent of the time of intervention. (scielo.br)
  • Rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the beta 2 integrin receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION) comprising the CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • A deeper knowledge of host factors influencing viral entry is important to elucidate host-SARS-CoV-2 interactions and identify novel therapeutic targets. (breathinglabs.com)
  • The study found that during SARS-CoV-2 infection, endogenously expressed TM mucins MUC1 and MUC16 played a protective role. (breathinglabs.com)
  • In Western blot experiments, the antibody detected a high-molecular weight molecule secreted by the gastric tissue. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Native gastric mucus and mucus reconstituted from isolated glycoprotein have the behavior characteristic of a weak viscoelastic gel with the elastic modulus dominant over the viscous modulus. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Objective - Mucin can promote formation of gallstones via precipitation with calcium phosphate. (romj.org)
  • Obviously, sorption of mucin but not that of HSA stimulated generation of reactive oxygen and halogen species with no increase in cytokine production. (romj.org)
  • Documenting the function of specific mucins during in vivo infections will be important for future research. (breathinglabs.com)
  • CP were incubated in mucin or human serum albumin (HSA) giving CP-Muc and CP-HSA. (romj.org)
  • Five orthologous gel-forming mucins have been cloned in human and mouse. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Gel-forming mucins are large high-molecular weight secreted O-glycoproteins responsible for the gel-properties of the mucus blanket. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The COVID-19 outbreak presents the unprecedented challenge for world public and medical practitioners and health care providers, the post COVID-19 condition (or long COVID) includes long term symptoms which may persist for months or years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. (gastrores.org)
  • Overexpression of TM mucins reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection, in comparison to cells with a non-targeting guide (NTG). (breathinglabs.com)
  • No significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed in live virus experiments after neuraminidase or fucosidase treatment. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. (cubebiosystems.com)
  • Adsorption of mucin by hydroxyapatite is related mainly to Ca-dependent electrostatic interactions between calcium ions and COO- of mucin [5]. (romj.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded, enveloped, and positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the β-coronavirus genus, within the Coronaviridae family. (breathinglabs.com)
  • The incidence and subsequent resection of IPMN have increased over the last 20 years, partially explained by the increased utilization of high-resolution diagnostic imaging [ 4 ]. (gastrores.org)
  • Then a water solution (100 mL) of 6.24 g NaH 2 PO 4 ∙2H 2 O (purum) was added dropwise within an hour and obtained mixture was gently refluxed for 3 days. (romj.org)
  • Mucus comprises water, glycoproteins (mucins), and ions. (bmj.com)
  • The pollution caused by heavy metals and their impact on the environment has been increasing, with their effects extending to different environmental compartments such as water, soil, and atmosphere ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The precious Mediterranean red coral, Corallium rubrum , is an octocorallian species, which produces two distinct high-magnesium calcite biominerals, the axial skeleton and the sclerites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Octocorallia, 3 species are represented: the red coral Corallium rubrum (order Alcyonacea), which is the model of the present study (red frame), and 2 other species, the soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea (order Alcyonacea) and the blue coral Heliopora coerulea (order Helioporacea). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Hexacorallia, 4 species are represented: 2 stony corals (order Scleractinia) and 2 sea anemones (order Actinaria). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We combined High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and transcriptome analysis to study the OM composition of the axial skeleton and the sclerites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus caused the devastating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Despite such mucoinert properties of PEG, magnetic nanoparticles of both coatings did not penetrate through native respiratory mucus, resisting high magnetic forces (even for several hours). (omicsdi.org)
  • Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
  • Mucin is considered rather as a coating preventing excessive activation of neutrophils induced by bacteria [8] or polymer surfaces [9]. (romj.org)
  • The molecular mechanism is thought to be through a MUC-4 complex with ERBB2 receptors, which alters downstream signaling and down regulates CDKN1B. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both Ab1 and Ab2 are precipitable from sera with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and present in a macromolecular complex that is excluded by gel filtration on G200 and contains IgG, IgM, C3, and the anti-F(ab')2 antiidiotype-like complex. (jci.org)
  • This gene encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein found on the cell surface, although secreted isoforms may exist. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autoimmune antiidiotype-like antibody (Ab2) directed against anti-HIV-1gp120 (Ab1) was found in high titer in the sera of 10 consecutive homosexual and 11 narcotic addict HIV-1-related immunologic thrombocytopenia (HIV-1-ITP) patients, was barely detectable in 10 nonthrombocytopenic HIV-1 sero-positive individuals, and was not detectable in 5 normal subjects by use of a solid-phase RIA. (jci.org)
  • Because of high heterogeneity in the size of the voids and pores in mucus, on small scales, particle mobility will depend on adhesive or inert properties. (omicsdi.org)
  • As a mucin, MUC-4 also alters adhesive properties of the cell. (wikipedia.org)