• We have investigated gelsolin modulation in rat aortic SMC by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and Northern hybridization using three models which are known to show modulation of actin isoform expression: development, aortic intimal thickening after experimental endothelial injury, and growth in culture. (unige.ch)
  • Expression of Rb was detected in normal lung tissues but was barely detectable by Northern blot hybridization in lung tumors. (jax.org)
  • Expression of genes was studied using Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In situ hybridization experiments showed that transcription of the P1 protamine mRNA starts in the middle of step 7 of spermiogenesis during substage VIIc. (rupress.org)
  • Although the in situ hybridization suggests a disappearance of protamine 1 mRNA after step 16 of spermiogenesis, Northern blot analysis shows that low levels of mRNA are present during the period of final condensation of the chromatin, reflecting the association of protamine with DNA. (rupress.org)
  • Other techniques include dot blotting, ribonuclease protection assays (RPAs), serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), and differential or subtractive hybridization. (idtdna.com)
  • To investigate whether all cultured astrocytes express PAM mRNA, in situ hybridization analysis of cultured astrocytes was performed. (wustl.edu)
  • Differential Northern blot hybridization was used as a screening tool to identify mRNAs that respond quantitatively to the induction of ethanol dependence. (omeka.net)
  • Two cyanate-inducible transcripts of 1500 and 2500nucleotides, respectively, were detected by Northern blot analysis. (embl.de)
  • Northern blot analyses of RNAs isolated from microdissected pools of seminiferous tubules show high P1 protamine mRNA concentrations during stages VIIc-XIV-III of the cycle and lower levels during stages IV-VIIb. (rupress.org)
  • Newer approaches provide more high-throughput analyses of gene expression levels than immobilized RNA techniques. (idtdna.com)
  • We performed northern blot analyses for the guide RNA truncations and found increased levels of expression for the longer tracrRNA sequences, suggesting that improved target cleavage was at least partially due to higher sgRNA expression or stability ( Fig. 1c ). (cdc.gov)
  • Asn1 , Ppo5 , PhL , R1 , and VInv ), which results in the reduced level of mRNA transcripts (and subsequently expressed proteins) for those same genes using the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. (canada.ca)
  • 3 Initial studies of animals not in labour using cDNA probes demonstrated transcripts of similar size to the human genes for prostanoid EP2, EP3, EP4, and FP receptor mRNA using Northern blot in myometrium. (gla.ac.uk)
  • 4 When expression of prostanoid receptor genes was studied in myometrium obtained from animals both in labour and not in labour and the techniques employed were optimized (principally the use of riboprobes), transcripts of similar size to the human genes were detected for prostanoid EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4, IP, FP and TP receptor mRNA using Northern blot. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Northern blot analysis revealed three small ankyrin transcripts besides the 7.5 and 9.0 kb transcripts known to encode full-length ankyrin. (umaryland.edu)
  • mRNA transcripts correlated well to their βGal activity. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • These extracts showed a marked reduction of signal on Northern blot analysis, suggesting nonsense-mediated decay of mutated transcripts, as is frequently observed in recessive disorders. (medscape.com)
  • In stages II-VI (steps 16-18 spermatids), only the smaller size protamine 1 mRNA was detectable. (rupress.org)
  • The mRNA was barely detectable in neonatal or adult liver, or adult brain. (rupress.org)
  • In contrast, mRNA levels are now shown not to change by both Northern and RNAse protection assays. (embl.de)
  • The expression of lymphotoxin (LT) mRNA and cytokine in human tonsillar B cells and B cell lines was examined by Northern blots and cytotoxicity assays, respectively. (escholarship.org)
  • We used the cDNA to develop an RNA (Northern) blot to quantify cellular Hsp90 mRNA levels. (usgs.gov)
  • The sequences from the 5' end of cDNA clone 10/3a shared about 58 % similarity at the nucleotide level and 61% identity at the polypeptide level with the sequences of the Nicotiana tabacum axi 1 cDNA clone. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • To identify {dollar}\beta{dollar}-spectrin-binding proteins, I constructed a cDNA expression library from rat skeletal muscle mRNA. (umaryland.edu)
  • On Northern blots the cDNA hybridized to a single 5.6-kb mRNA that was present in Schwann cells, neonatal rat brain, rat heart, and rat smooth muscle cells. (rupress.org)
  • A ribonuclease protection assay was used to quantitate levels of the core protein mRNA. (rupress.org)
  • Following cytokine stimulation for 6 h, levels rose seven fold in DMECs and four fold in HUVECs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cycloheximide was used to determine if protein synthesis was needed for DAF expression, and Northern blots were used to investigate DAF mRNA levels following cytokine stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Saline and sulpiride (10 mg/kg/injection) had no effect on D1, D2 and D3 receptor mRNA levels. (nih.gov)
  • Haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg/injection) elicited increases in D1, D2 and D3 receptor mRNA levels of 100%, 100% and 300% respectively, after 32 days and loxapine (2 mg/kg/injection) elicited increases of 450%, 150% and 550%, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Myometrium from the lower uterine segment (LUS) had greater expression of EP2 receptor mRNA and less expression of EP3 mRNA compared with the fundus and corpus. (gla.ac.uk)
  • However, similar levels of EP4 and FP receptor mRNA were observed comparing the fundus and LUS. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Expression of EP2, EP3 and EP4 receptor mRNA were also detected in cervix, decidua and chorion. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Expression of EP1, EP3 and IP receptor mRNA was significantly higher in myometrium from the fundus (compared with lower segment) whereas EP2 gene expression was significantly lower in the fundus. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Labor was also associated with an overall lower level of expression of EP2 receptor mRNA. (gla.ac.uk)
  • 5 When expression of prostanoid receptor genes was studied in cervix obtained from animals both in labour and not in labour, clear signals which were similar in estimated size to the human genes were detected by Northern analysis for EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4, FP, IP and TP receptors. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In contrast to fetal adrenal tissues, the expression of ACTH receptor MC2R was either absent or expressed at extremely low levels in ex vivo HFT tissue and no clear response to ACTH in gene expression or steroid hormone production was observed. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast, FGF-2 mRNA was increased within 16 hr. (jneurosci.org)
  • Interestingly, virtually all of the astrocytes cultured from either hypothalamus or cerebellum express PAM mRNA, in contrast to a previous finding that only 20-40% of similarly cultured astrocytes express CPE. (wustl.edu)
  • In contrast, C/EBP alpha protein was markedly suppressed by TCDD in concordance with its level of RNA. (aspetjournals.org)
  • TGF-β2 treatment upregulated the expression of Col1α1, Col4α2, FN, CTGF, TGM2, and TSP-1 mRNA and protein in cultured astrocytes. (arvojournals.org)
  • To investigate whether cultured astrocytes contain additional peptide-processing enzymes, Northern blots were screened for peptidylglycine-α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) mRNA. (wustl.edu)
  • Primary cultures of astrocytes contain moderate levels of PAM mRNA, as determined by Northern blot analysis. (wustl.edu)
  • The level of PAM mRNA is cultured hypothalamic astrocytes is similar to the level expressed in cultured hypothalamic neurons. (wustl.edu)
  • The relative abundance of PAM mRNA differs up to 6-fold between astrocytes cultured from various brain regions. (wustl.edu)
  • Astrocytes cultured from hypothalamus have high levels of PAM mRNA, those cultured from striatum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus have moderate levels, and those cultured from cerebellum have low levels. (wustl.edu)
  • The presence of PAM mRNA in cultured astrocytes suggests that these cells have the capacity to produce amidated neuropeptides. (wustl.edu)
  • Chinook salmon embryonic (CHSE-214) cells responded to heat shock with a rapid rise in Hsp90 mRNA through 4 h, followed by a gradual decline over the next 20 h. (usgs.gov)
  • Northern blot analysis revealed that the Bcl-xL mRNA level increased gradually during the progression towards heart failure. (portlandpress.com)
  • In chemically induced mouse lung tumors, the p16INK4a gene is a target of inactivation, and Rb is reduced at the mRNA level (Northern blot) although similar at the protein level (Western blot) when compared to normal lung tissues. (jax.org)
  • The reduction in asparagine alone significantly decreases acrylamide formation in tubers when subjected to various forms of thermal processing (e.g., baking, frying, etc.) however lower levels of reducing sugars further decreases acrylamide formation and limit heat-induced browning. (canada.ca)
  • Of note, we observed that MAPCAs differentially express several genes at much higher levels than either PA or aorta.MAPCAs differ from PA or aorta by significantly altered levels in gene expression, suggesting a transcriptional basis for their physiology that will guide a further understanding of the pathobiology of MAPCAs and TOF. (stanford.edu)
  • The levels of transgenic mRNA in muscle did not differ between mice from our lead MATR3 F115C line and lead MATR3 WT line, but mice from the lead MATR3 F115C line had significantly higher levels of MATR3 protein in muscle over the lead MATR3 WT line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Median anti-S levels were significantly higher for mRNA primary vaccine series recipients (2.90 and 2.86 log [BAU/mL], respectively), compared with those who received Sinopharm or Sinovac vaccines (1.63 and 1.95 log [BAU/mL], respectively). (cdc.gov)
  • In some species (e.g., bovine), evidence indicates that decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 levels in estrogen-dominant preovulatory follicles are likely due, in part, to increased protease activity, whereas lower levels of IGFBP-2 are not due to increased proteolysis. (bioone.org)
  • Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
  • These protease-induced decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 likely cause increased levels of bioavailable (or free) IGFs that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing dominant follicles, which ultimately prepare the follicle(s) and oocyte(s) for successful ovulation and fertilization. (bioone.org)
  • 7] Each SPINK5 mutation leads to a different length of LEKTI protein, resulting in genotype/phenotype correlations in cutaneous severity, susceptibility to atopic dermatitis,[8] growth retardation, skin infection, increased stratum corneum protease activities,[9, 10] and elevated kallikrein levels in the stratum corneum. (medscape.com)
  • Otros autores sugieren que ese es el resultado de mutaciones en oncogenes, genes supresores y enzimas de la vía glucolítica o del metabolismo oxidativo mitocondrial (Myc, Akt, p53, HIF1-α). (researchgate.net)
  • With the exception of late blight resistance, the other novel traits (i.e. reduced asparagine levels, lower levels of reducing sugars, and reduced black spot bruising) are achieved through the transcription of inverted repeat sequences containing small fragments of DNA from five different endogenous genes (i.e. (canada.ca)
  • The gene encoding the Ov-phy-1 open reading frame contained 11 introns, similar in structure to the gene encoding human prolyl 4-hydroxylase isoform I. Genomic Southern blot, EST and genomic PCR studies demonstrated that the O. volvulus genome contained between three and eight genes closely related to Ov-phy-1. (embl.de)
  • 1. The aim of this project was to determine whether advancing gestational age and parturition were associated with alteration in the relative level of expression of genes encoding prostanoid receptors in key uterine and fetal tissues. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Expression of genes was quantified by Northern analysis as a ratio of the signal for the gene of interest to each of three housekeeping genes (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], beta-actin and cyclophilin). (gla.ac.uk)
  • We isolated TSO1 using a map-based approach, andshow that it is a member of a family of at least three genes in Arabidopsis.Consistent with the mutant phenotype, TSO1 transcript was most abundant inflowers, where it accumulated to the highest levels in developing ovules andmicrospores. (embl.de)
  • The target mRNAs in the Argonaute2 (Ago2) complex of nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells were analyzed through Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Examination of the expression of several early marker genes of preadipocyte differentiation through Northern blot analysis and of differentiation-dependent mitosis showed that TCDD did not interfere with the earliest known responses of preadipocytes to inducers of differentiation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We suggest that the anti-HIV-1gp120 antiidiotype-like complex contributes to the markedly elevated platelet Ig and C3 level of HIV-1-ITP patients and propose that this may contribute to their thrombocytopenia. (jci.org)
  • TDI exposure caused significant increases in the number of lavagate AMs, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, NOx levels, and production of NOS dependent reactive species by AMs. (cdc.gov)
  • Induction of ethanol dependence increases signal peptidase mRNA levels in rat brain. (omeka.net)
  • These studies were accomplished by performing biorheological testing, Northern blot analysis and RNase protection assay. (stanford.edu)
  • Owing to a post-transcriptional shortening of the poly(A) tail by 130 bases, a decrease in the size of protamine 1 mRNA from approximately 580 to 450 nucleotides was observed in stages XIII-XIV suggesting an initiation of protamine 1 synthesis in step 13-14 spermatids. (rupress.org)
  • IL-7 gene sequence and IL-7 mRNA were detected with PCR and Northern blotting. (nii.ac.jp)
  • However, the propensity of some MAPCAs to develop stenosis rather than growth may impair the response to reconstructions.Probe sets prepared from MAPCAs, PA, and aorta mRNA were used to interrogate human genome microarrays. (stanford.edu)
  • Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
  • RNA was extracted from some cells and the extent of expression of inducible NOS mRNA was determined by Northern blotting. (cdc.gov)
  • Proximal tubule cells exposed to PMA for 2 h demonstrated a two- to threefold increase in Na/H antiporter mRNA (mRNANa/H) abundance 4 h later. (jci.org)
  • however arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC), despite their stabilized actin bundles, express high levels of gelsolin. (unige.ch)
  • The high level of gelsolin in smooth muscle (SM) tissues and the down regulation with proliferation and migration raises the question as to whether gelsolin in these cells has functions other than the dynamic control of actin filament length. (unige.ch)
  • In THP1 monocytic leukemia cells 1,25(OH)_{2} D_{3} stimulated TrxR mRNA levels 2-4‐fold by 4-8 h and enhanced TrxR activity (60%) (as measured by the dithionitrobenzole‐assay) after 24 h, which declined below baseline after 96 h. (iospress.com)
  • Transfection of cells in culture with ASO targeting PTEN reduced PTEN mRNA and protein levels and increased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in α-mouse liver-12 (AML12) cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Northern blot analysis found low levels of DAF mRNA in unstimulated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In tonsillar B cells, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan l (SAC) alone induced low levels of LT mRNA accumulation. (escholarship.org)
  • Peak LT mRNA expression in tonsillar B cells stimulated by PMA plus SAC occurred between 48 and 72 h and was approximately half as much as that in PMA plus anti-CD3-stimulated T cells. (escholarship.org)
  • Cyclosporine A was not effective in inhibiting LT mRNA accumulation by stimulated tonsillar B cells. (escholarship.org)
  • The cytotoxic effects in the supernatants of stimulated B cells were contributed mostly by LT. The results indicate that tonsillar B cells are important in LT production and that there are important differences in the stimulation requirements for LT production and in LT mRNA expression kinetics between tonsillar B cells and B cell lines. (escholarship.org)
  • In this study, the miRNAs and their target mRNAs in the Argonaute2 (Ago2) complex of nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of RNAs isolated by crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • microRNA-mRNA interactions occur in nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whether an RNA is translated into protein or used directly in the cell, RNA transcript levels can provide important insights into how a cell or cells are functioning. (idtdna.com)
  • High levels were found in neonatal rat brain, heart, and Schwann cells. (rupress.org)
  • Immunoblot analysis with specific antibodies to each C/EBP isoform demonstrated that the levels of C/EBP delta and C/EBP beta protein were rapidly induced (by day 1) and then abrogated by day 4 and 8, respectively, in solvent-treated (control) cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In TCDD-treated cells, however, the levels of C/EBP beta and C/EBP delta protein persisted at these time points. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Analysis of mRNA for three isoforms of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) revealed that TCDD (5 nM) selectively inhibited the induction of C/EBP alpha mRNA but did not block the induction of C/EBP beta and C/EBP delta in response to differentiation inducers. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The differentiation-dependent induction of PPAR gamma mRNA was also blocked by TCDD. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Western blot analysis indicated the presence of both hypophosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated Rb protein in lung tumors and in normal lung tissues. (jax.org)
  • In addition, computer programs usually predict targets on a genome-wide scale irrespective of mRNA and miRNA that are specific to tissues or cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EP2 mRNA was most abundant in cervix, EP3 was most abimdant in myometrium and EP4 mRNA was most abundant in decidua. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Upregulation of NOS was assessed by measuring enzyme levels in lung homogenates by Western blot analysis and enhancement of the COX-related pathway was judged from perfusate concentrations of 6‐ketoprostaglandin F 1α . (ersjournals.com)
  • Western blot analysis confirmed the increased expression of cyclin D1 and cdk4 in lung tumors compared to normal lung. (jax.org)
  • Production of nitric-oxide-synthase (NOS) dependent reactive species by alveolar macrophages (AMs) was evaluated by determining the level of N-omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) inhibitable chemiluminescence following stimulation with unopsonized zymosan. (cdc.gov)
  • dollar}\beta{dollar}-Fodrin mRNA, which was present, stayed at constant levels in skeletal muscle tissue from embryo to adult. (umaryland.edu)
  • The gene expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was analysed by Northern blotting. (portlandpress.com)
  • Gene expression analysis quantifies either messenger RNA (mRNA) levels or non-translated, functional RNA transcription levels in a cell. (idtdna.com)
  • This control is propagated through the alpha-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase where protein levels were previously shown to rise fivefold with increasing cell density. (embl.de)
  • sgRNAs with +67 or +85 nucleotide (nt) tracrRNA tails mediated DNA cleavage at all target sites tested, with up to fivefold higher levels of indels than the corresponding crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes ( Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 1a ). (cdc.gov)
  • It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • S1 nucleasemapping experiments indicated that two different cyn mRNAs have a common 5'-endand two different 3'-ends. (embl.de)
  • The effects of administration of antipsychotic drugs (1-32 days, twice per day) on the rat brain mRNA levels of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors has been assessed by a novel procedure utilising solution hybridisation with oligonucleotides. (nih.gov)
  • [ 6 ] newer evidence suggests that pimecrolimus 1% cream applied twice daily may be well tolerated and lead to improvement of skin involvement, with low, safe levels absorbed systemically. (medscape.com)
  • The petitioner has provided information describing the methods used to develop Simplot Innate® potato events Gen2-W8, Gen2-X17, and Gen2-Y9 and the molecular biology data that characterize the genetic change, which results in reduced levels of free asparagine in tubers, lower levels of reducing sugars (i.e., glucose and fructose) in tubers, reduced expression of polyphenol oxidase 5 enzyme (Ppo5), and expression of the VNT1 protein. (canada.ca)
  • When compared to {dollar}\alpha{dollar}-fodrins cloned from chicken brain and human fibroblasts, {dollar}\alpha{dollar}-fodrin was found to be highly conserved, sharing 96% identity at the amino acid level. (umaryland.edu)
  • 2004) did not find doi:10.1289/ehp.9030 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 20 April 2006] any evidence of changes in GFAP levels in the brain after exposure to Mn sulfate or phos- phate. (cdc.gov)
  • Likewise, levels of both gp130 mRNA and protein were low in controls, but were approximately threefold higher in infected animals. (utmb.edu)
  • This is usually done using a transcript-specific, labeled probe in a technique known as northern blotting. (idtdna.com)
  • Northern blotting showed that mRNA levels of IL-1 and TNF alpha were transiently induced, similar to other cytokines. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Given likely immunologic variation among students based on differences in type of primary series and/or booster dose vaccine received, we conducted serologic investigations in September and December 2021 on a large university campus in Wisconsin to assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Levels were compared across categorical primary COVID-19 vaccine series received and binary COVID-19 mRNA booster status. (cdc.gov)
  • RESULTS: In total, 356 students participated, of whom 219 (61.5%) had received a primary vaccine series of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna mRNA vaccines and 85 (23.9%) had received vaccines from Sinovac or Sinopharm. (cdc.gov)
  • The mRNA levels stay high in steps 7-14 spermatids but decrease during steps 15-16 and are virtually undetectable in steps 17-19 spermatids. (rupress.org)
  • The results suggest that the biovalence transformation of high levels of selenite may involve a dithiol system. (iospress.com)
  • Cell density regulates prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity independent of mRNA levels. (embl.de)
  • The expression of protamine 1 mRNAs has been localized in the very last phase of the haploid gene activity. (rupress.org)
  • A number of B cell lines could also be stimulated by PMA to express LT mRNA. (escholarship.org)
  • Northern blot analysis showed that the size of the mRNA was about 2 kb, like that of the axi 1 isolated from tobacco. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • The double-stranded RNA duplex leads RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), containing a member of the conserved Argonaute (Ago) protein family, to target sites of mRNAs, resulting in the destabilization of the mRNAs and/or inhibition of translation [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)