• In 1978, Walter Gilbert published "Why Genes in Pieces" which first began to explore the idea that the gene is a mosaic-that each full nucleic acid strand is not coded continuously but is interrupted by "silent" non-coding regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • AceView: gene:him-8, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView. (nih.gov)
  • AceView: gene:dpy-21, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView. (nih.gov)
  • One basic problem is how a decrease in tRNA levels, by downregulating Pol III efficiency, influences the expression pattern of protein-coding genes. (mdpi.com)
  • Specific uORFs are known to control protein expression by tuning translation rates of downstream protein-coding sequences, and potential uORFs have been identified in ~50% of all human protein-coding genes 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Although some scientists expected to find at least 100,000 genes coding for proteins, only about 30,000-35,000 of such genes appear to be in the human genome. (learner.org)
  • For this purpose, the non-pathogenic production host P. putida KT2440 containing the rhlAB genes with the native P. aeruginosa 5′-UTR region was used. (springer.com)
  • Classically, the 3â untranslated region (3â UTR) is that region in eukaryotic protein-coding genes from the translation termination codon to the polyA signal. (omicsonline.org)
  • Interestingly, majority of genes for these RNAs have promoter-like structures in their 3â UTR regions, although the existence of their transcribed products as independent 3â UTR RNAs is still to be confirmed. (omicsonline.org)
  • Dispersed between the chromosomes are over 20,000 genes, sometimes separated by vast stretches of non-coding DNA, or that which does not encode proteins. (jove.com)
  • Interestingly, other types of non-coding DNA like silencers also associate with genes. (jove.com)
  • A strand of DNA is comprised of genes and intergenic regions. (jove.com)
  • Genes themselves consist of protein-coding exons and non-coding introns. (jove.com)
  • In eukaryotic genomes, genes are separated by large stretches of DNA that do not code for proteins. (jove.com)
  • The subsequent huge changes in morphology were more often due to changes in when and where those genes were expressed than to changes in the coding sequences of the genes themselves. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • Just as a skilled video editor can edit their raw footage in different ways to create more than one alternative video sequence, so too can human genes be edited differently, thus creating alternative final mRNA products that code for different types of proteins. (labmate-online.com)
  • The human genome is comprised of both non-coding DNA and coding regions, or genes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • While researchers once believed that only genes were transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), investigators have recently discovered that non-coding DNA is copied into mRNA as well. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Genome-wide studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , for example, have revealed that promoters of most actively transcribed genes are depleted of nucleosomes and that histone density is inversely proportional to the transcription rate within coding regions, suggesting that nucleosomes are dynamically disassembled and reassembled at each passage of the polymerase ( 16 ). (asm.org)
  • The student will be responsible for improving the annotations, especially for the untranslated regions that lie up and downstream of protein coding genes. (lu.se)
  • The student will evaluate gene expression in relation to measures of genetic diversity, differentiation, and neutrality across the genome to evaluate whether the sequences or the flanking regions of genes with stage-specific expression demonstrate signs of selection. (lu.se)
  • We focused the analysis on the D. melanogaster species and updated the ComiR underlying database with the currently available releases of mRNA and microRNA sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The availability of multiple PAS in the same 3' regulatory region enables the inclusion or exclusion of 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) sequences, resulting in transcripts that may differ in particularities involving post-transcriptional processes such as stability, transport and translation ( Mayr, 2016 ), and even protein localization ( Berkovits and Mayr, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The non-coding regions downstream of coding sequences (CDS) is usually termed terminators. (frontiersin.org)
  • Click on any transcript to open the specific mRNA page, to see the exact cDNA clone support and eventual SNPs and to get details on tissues, sequences, mRNA and protein annotations. (nih.gov)
  • In particular, upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are segments of 5′UTR mRNA sequences that can initiate and terminate translation upstream of protein-coding start codons. (nature.com)
  • These sequences typically include the 5′-untranslated region in mRNA including the ribosome binding site (Shine-Dalgarno sequence) and in some cases the start codon (Klinkert and Narberhaus 2009 ). (springer.com)
  • Many eukaryotic precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) bear coding regions (exons) interspersed with non-coding intervening sequences (introns). (fu-berlin.de)
  • Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
  • Although HIV-1 based gene transfer vectors lack most of the viral coding sequences, it retains a small portion of the gag sequence, and also contains a 5′ splice donor site upstream of gag and frequently a 3′ splice acceptor site further downstream. (peerj.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (21-24 nucleotides) sequences of RNA that reduce gene expression by promoting the breakdown of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and by repressing translation of mRNAs into proteins. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • This includes variants in sequences that regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing and synonymous variants that lead to a change between two codons for the same amino acid, thereby not directly altering the protein-coding sequence. (lu.se)
  • MicroRNA are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression levels of messenger RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNAs and proteins can also engage in more transient interactions, for example during co-transcriptional regulation of RNA polymerases or during post-transcriptional regulation of (pre-)mRNA life cycles. (fu-berlin.de)
  • We investigate the molecular mechanisms, by which RNAs and proteins cooperate to bring about the biological functions of selected RNPs involved in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing. (fu-berlin.de)
  • This mechanism involves a newly discovered set of "non-coding RNAs" expressed in the vicinity of the hGH gene. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By examining the relationship between these non-coding RNAs and the hGH gene, researchers hope to understand how these remote regions impact hGH gene expression and dysfunction. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Unlike coding mRNAs, which are translated into functional proteins and peptides, the function of most non-coding RNAs is unclear. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Although non-coding RNAs fail to produce functional proteins, researchers believe that in some cases these RNAs may control gene expression. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one of the most abundant regulatory molecules. (lidsen.com)
  • The coding region of a gene, also known as the coding sequence (CDS), is the portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • In DNA, the coding region is flanked by the promoter sequence on the 5' end of the template strand and the termination sequence on the 3' end. (wikipedia.org)
  • During transcription, the RNA Polymerase (RNAP) binds to the promoter sequence and moves along the template strand to the coding region. (wikipedia.org)
  • The regulatory sequence will then determine the location and time that expression will occur for a protein coding region. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, it has been shown that variants destroying stop codons in translated uORFs are under strong negative selection, presumably because the resultant translational readthrough can decrease start codon recognition and translation initiation at the coding sequence (CDS) 10 . (nature.com)
  • Introns are excised once the sequence is transcribed to mRNA, leaving only exons to code for proteins. (jove.com)
  • A molecular cloning strategy involving primer-directed RT-PCR and 3'- and 5'-RACE was developed to sequence chicken cDNAs corresponding to complete coding regions and portions of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of AMPK gamma-1, -2 and -3 mRNA transcripts. (usda.gov)
  • However the gag/pol coding sequence serves as an intron and is spliced out for expression of Env. (peerj.com)
  • Here, we highlight that an important RNA sequence region, encompassing an exon-intron hairpin loop (also called IDX-rasISS1), of the H-Ras pre-mRNA may encode an ncRNA that regulates p68 RNA helicase. (lidsen.com)
  • An anticodon is a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. (genome.gov)
  • We report the complete genomic coding sequence of the Georgia 2007/1 isolate and comparison with other isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the entire oligodendroglial differentiation, diffuse astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, coding sequence of the LATS1 gene in IDH1 Mutation, and 1P/19q loSS and oligodendrogliomas. (who.int)
  • While the exome refers to all exons within a genome, the coding region refers to a singular section of the DNA or RNA which specifically codes for a certain kind of protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mRNAs appear to differ by truncation of the 5' end, presence or absence of a cassette exon , overlapping exons with different boundaries. (nih.gov)
  • Since this RNA will be used to generate proteins, exons are denoted as coding regions, whereas introns are another example of non-coding material. (jove.com)
  • Production of mature mRNAs thus requires pre-mRNA splicing, during which introns are excised and neighboring exons are ligated. (fu-berlin.de)
  • It therefore follows that coding regions for proteins can function as both introns and exons. (peerj.com)
  • In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The 3 spliced mRNAs putatively encode good proteins , altogether 3 different isoforms (1 complete, 2 partial ), some containing a coiled coil stretch [Psort2] . (nih.gov)
  • Proteins called repressors bind to these regions, preventing polymerase-promoter association, inhibiting transcription. (jove.com)
  • The presence or absence of one exon by alternative splicing of the gamma-1 gene resulted in two transcript variants which code for predicted proteins containing 298 amino acids (4 cystathionine beta-synthase domains, CBSD) or 276 amino acids (3 CBSD). (usda.gov)
  • For the gamma-2 gene, use of an alternate initiation site and promoter and/or alternative splicing resulted in four different transcript variants which code for predicted proteins containing 567 (4 CBSD), 452 (4 CBSD), 328 (3 CBSD) and 158 (2 CBSD) amino acids. (usda.gov)
  • Alternative splicing of exon 3 in the gamma-3 gene resulted in a shift of the open reading frame and the production of 'long' and 'short' transcript variants that code for predicted proteins of 383 and 363 amino acids, both with 4 CBSD. (usda.gov)
  • The putative TSO1 protein has two cysteine-rich regions that aresimilar to the CXC domains of a variety of proteins from plants and animals,including a class of kinesins involved in chromosome segregation, and enhancer ofzeste-type proteins. (embl.de)
  • Synaptic vesicle exocytosis occurs at specialized regions of the presynaptic membrane, termed active zones, in which presynaptic release machinery proteins cluster opposite postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • The full-length mRNA is used for expression of Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol proteins. (peerj.com)
  • Lentiviral gene delivery systems consist of packaging (or helper) plasmids that code for viral structural and regulatory proteins, and a gene transfer vector that contains the transgene expression cassette ( Srinivasakumar, 2001 ). (peerj.com)
  • Professor Lamond said an analogy could be made with the more familiar process of video editing : "The gene can be seen as the raw video footage that is captured, while the mRNA product that delivers the instructions for proteins is like edited video footage, where the editor has removed - spliced out - unwanted regions to form the final video story. (labmate-online.com)
  • Regions which are not essential for coding are spliced out to create mRNA, which assembles the information required to produce specific proteins. (labmate-online.com)
  • The targeting event displaced the introns and coding regions and replaced the endogenous 3' UTRs (which contribute to mRNA destabilization and to Arc mRNA dendritic trafficking) with an exogenous SV40 polyadenylation signal (to promote high-level expression). (jax.org)
  • Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • If scanning ribosomes encountering uORFs prematurely initiate translation in the 5′UTR, upon reaching the uORF termination codon the ribosome may dissociate from the mRNA transcript, or the 40 s subunit may resume scanning after the 60 s subunit is lost. (nature.com)
  • All the spliced forms originate from a single genome-length mRNA transcript. (peerj.com)
  • Variations are assigned functional classes, which report if a variation is located in a locus region, in a transcript, or in a coding region. (lu.se)
  • The predicted size of the COMT transcript was 1.8-2.0 kb, which could be confirmed from Northern hybridization analyses of the isolated rat liver mRNA. (lu.se)
  • This diagram shows in true scale the gene on the genome, the mRNAs and the cDNA clones. (nih.gov)
  • We isolated mouse cDNA clones containing the entire coding region of the putative oncogene Akt2. (nih.gov)
  • The mRNA vaccines can encode multiple antigens, strengthening the immune response against pathogens and enabling the targeting of multiple microbial variants [19] . (researchgate.net)
  • The virus therefore requires a mechanism for transporting incompletely spliced and unspliced mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for either protein expression or for encapsidation of the full-length or genomic mRNA. (peerj.com)
  • We show that uORF variants introducing new stop codons, or strengthening existing stop codons, are under strong negative selection comparable to protein-coding missense variants. (nature.com)
  • The current study shows that the immune responses and resulting protection produced by our second-generation candidate, based on our mRNA technology featuring targeted optimizations, are substantially improved in non-human primates against both, the original SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as the Beta and Delta Variants of Concern and the Lambda Variant of Interest. (gsk.com)
  • The optimised mRNA backbone that is being used in this collaboration also has the potential for a multivalent or combination approach to address multiple emerging variants in one vaccine. (gsk.com)
  • Synonymous variants can still be functional, e.g. through effects on mRNA splicing and stability, as well as the speed of translation and protein folding. (lu.se)
  • With the success of COVID-19 vaccines, newly created mRNA vaccines against other infectious diseases are beginning to emerge. (mdpi.com)
  • The unprecedently speedy development of mRNA vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was enabled with previous innovations in nucleoside modifications during in vitro transcription and lipid nanoparticle delivery materials of mRNA. (mdpi.com)
  • Recent updates are briefly described in the status of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and other viral pathogens. (mdpi.com)
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a relatively new vaccine class showing great promise for the future. (researchgate.net)
  • This optimism is built on recently published studies demonstrating the efficacy of mRNA vaccines in combatting several types of cancer and infectious pathogens where conventional vaccine platforms may fail to induce protective immune responses. (researchgate.net)
  • This review summarizes the most important developments in mRNA vaccines from the past few years and discusses the challenges and future directions for the field. (researchgate.net)
  • For example, 'Two mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are effective against the coronavirus. (researchgate.net)
  • Dr. Rino Rappuoli, Chief Scientist and head of GSK Vaccines R&D said "The mRNA technology is a key strategic priority for us, and we are investing significantly in a number of mRNA programs focused on the collaboration with CureVac. (gsk.com)
  • The importance of mRNA molecules and how to engineer them was demonstrated by Covid-19 vaccines, while the potential of this approach has been illustrated by the development of the first drugs for the childhood genetic disorder Spinal Muscular Atrophy. (labmate-online.com)
  • On June 19, 2022, the original monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were approved as a primary series for children aged 6 months-4 years (Pfizer-BioNTech) and 6 months-5 years (Moderna) based on safety, immunobridging, and limited efficacy data from clinical trials. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] The original monovalent mRNA vaccines were authorized in June 2022 for children aged 6 months-4 years (Pfizer-BioNTech*) and 6 months-5 years (Moderna † ) based on safety, immunobridging, and limited efficacy data from clinical trials, with recommendations expanded to include bivalent vaccines in December 2022. (medscape.com)
  • During translation, the ribosome facilitates the attachment of the tRNAs to the coding region, 3 nucleotides at a time (codons). (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that, similar to metazoan steady-state systems, endogenous miRNAs in Chlamydomonas can regulate gene expression both by destabilization of the mRNA and by translational repression. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • Each time an amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis, a tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary codon on the mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into the polypeptide. (genome.gov)
  • Additionally, the 5′ and 3′ UTRs flanking the coding region regulate mRNA translation, half-life, and subcellular localization [2]. (researchgate.net)
  • However, unlike metazoan miRNA where target site utilization localizes mainly to 3′ UTRs, in Chlamydomonas utilized target sites lie predominantly within coding regions. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • This was the first indication that there needed to be a distinction between the parts of the genome that code for protein, now called coding regions, and those that do not. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cas9-based genome editing to endogenously tag Osk with the decapping complex recruitment leads to turnover of select maternal mRNAs. (billfryer.com)
  • Moreover, around 95% of the human genome contains non-coding DNA. (lidsen.com)
  • GAD mRNA was detected in human and monkey brain postmortem by in situ hybridization with an [35S]-labelled copy RNA corresponding to a 2.7-kb fragment of the coding region of human GAD mRNA. (cun.es)
  • We will apply this approach to a non-model sparrow study system to answer questions about how hybridization can disrupt evolved miRNA-mRNA interactions, leading to insights about the formation of new species. (lu.se)
  • The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Despite this, the mRNAs have concerns about their stability and immuno-stimulation, therefore, researchers and companies have concentrated their work to address this issue [2]. (researchgate.net)
  • CureVac N.V. (Nasdaq: CVAC), a global biopharmaceutical company developing a new class of transformative medicines based on messenger ribonucleic acid ("mRNA"), and GSK today announced the publication of preclinical data investigating immune responses as well as the protective efficacy of CureVac's first-generation vaccine candidate, CVnCoV, and second-generation vaccine candidate, CV2CoV, against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in non-human primates. (gsk.com)
  • The vaccine candidate, presently at a preclinical development stage, is a non-chemically modified mRNA, encoding the prefusion stabilized full-length spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and formulated within Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs). (gsk.com)
  • Wide filled pink areas represent putative protein coding regions, narrow empty pink boxes represent the 5'UTR (on the left) and 3' UTR (on the right). (nih.gov)
  • A putative polyadenylation signal (ATTAAA) was found in the 3′-noncoding region. (lu.se)
  • These studies have identified mutations in the mRNA and protein coding regions of this gene that result in the synthesis of an abnormal mRNA or protein. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The CureVac-GSK COVID-19 collaboration announced in February 2021 extends the existing strategic mRNA technology partnership both companies started in July 2020, which focuses on the development of new products based on CureVac's second-generation RNA-technology for different targets in the field of infectious diseases. (gsk.com)
  • NCBI RefSeq accession and version number (mRNA), e.g. (lu.se)
  • The tRNAs transfer their associated amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain, eventually forming the protein defined in the initial DNA coding region. (wikipedia.org)
  • The open reading frame consisted of 663 nucleotides coding for a 221-amino acid (aa) polypeptide with a deduced M r of 24747. (lu.se)
  • One polypeptide of 25 kDa, could be immunoprecipitated with anti-COMT antibody from in vitro translation of rat liver mRNA. (lu.se)
  • Domestication of crop plants seems to have taken place simultaneously in several subtropical regions, across central Africa, western South America, southeast Asia, and the Mediterranean during this period [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Lassa fe- Lassa virus in many more districts and states in en- ver is endemic in West Africa and has been reported demic countries of the West African sub-region and from Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and Nigeria4-7. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • The coding region can be modified in order to regulate gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, these intergenic regions carry important elements that regulate gene activity, for instance, the promoter where transcription starts, and enhancers and silencers that fine-tune gene expression. (jove.com)
  • Expression levels of mouse Akt2 mRNA and Akt2 protein varied among tissues, with the highest levels in skeletal muscle. (nih.gov)
  • The effects of the locus control region on human growth hormone expression is as if you turn a key in the lock of a house at one end of your street and find that this action opens the lock and door of a house a block away," notes Liebhaber. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To test whether the transcription of the locus control region and CD79b played a significant role in hGH expression in transgenic mice, Ho then inserted a special piece of DNA into the locus control region. (sciencedaily.com)
  • RNAP then adds RNA nucleotides complementary to the coding region in order to form the mRNA, substituting uracil in place of thymine. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a cell, antisense DNA serves as the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA), which directs the synthesis of a protein. (genome.gov)
  • Although this term is also sometimes used interchangeably with exon, it is not the exact same thing: the exon is composed of the coding region as well as the 3' and 5' untranslated regions of the RNA, and so therefore, an exon would be partially made up of coding regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against emergency department or urgent care (ED/UC) encounters was evaluated within the VISION Network during July 4, 2022-June 17, 2023, among children with COVID-19-like illness aged 6 months-5 years. (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, we show that 3'utr based predictions can be seen as complementary to the coding region based predictions, which suggests that both predictions, from 3'utr and coding regions, should be considered in comprehensive analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This mutation is located in a highly conserved region of the promoter and disrupts the binding site for the transcription factor HNF-4α, mutations in the gene encoding HNF-4α being another cause of MODY (MODY1). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Primer extension analysis showed that the transcription start point of the rat liver COMT mRNA was 450 bp upstream from the. (lu.se)
  • Here, we report an Italian family in which an A→C substitution at nucleotide -58 of the promoter region of the HNF-1α gene cosegregates with MODY. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Active and silent rDNAs have distinct chromatin states at the promoter and within the transcribed region. (asm.org)
  • Thus, the spatial combination of uORFs and protein-coding start codons can produce different effects on downstream protein translation. (nature.com)
  • Here, we review the structural elements required for designing mRNA vaccine constructs for effective in vitro synthetic transcription reactions. (mdpi.com)
  • Previous work in the laboratories of Cooke and Liebhaber found that the hGH gene is controlled by a non-coding DNA region, or locus control region. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By carefully analyzing the 14,000 base pairs separating the hGH gene and its locus control region, co-authors Yugong Ho, PhD, an Instructor of Genetics at Penn and a Cooke/Liebhaber lab member, and Felice Elefant, PhD, Assistant Professor at Drexel University and former member of the Cooke/Liebhaber lab, found that the locus control region was copied into RNA, and discovered a gene called CD79b within this region. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In order to determine whether the CD79b RNA in the pituitary gland served a function, Ho inserted a segment of human DNA that included hGH, the hGH locus control region, and CD79b into a group of mice. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A miRNA can bind many mRNAs and an mRNA can be bound by several miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The miRNA targets identification has been mainly based on the search of mRNA binding sites contained in the 3'utr region [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After transcription and maturation, the mature mRNA formed encompasses multiple parts important for its eventual translation into protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specifically, the PDCD4 protein combines directly with the mRNA coding region of the target gene ( MYB/c-MYB ) to block translation [2] . (plos.org)
  • Nat-2 mRNA was more abundant in liver than Nat-1 mRNA. (cdc.gov)
  • ComiR was trained with the information regarding binding sites in the 3'utr region, by using a reliable dataset containing the targets of endogenously expressed microRNA in D. melanogaster S2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a result, we find that ComiR algorithm trained with the information related to the coding regions is more efficient in predicting the microRNA targets, with respect to the algorithm trained with 3'utr information. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we propose to upgrade the existing ComiR web-tool by including the coding region based trained model, available together with the 3'utr based one. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The strong immune response and protection in pre-clinical testing of this second-generation mRNA backbone are very encouraging and represent an important milestone for its further development. (gsk.com)
  • Using a genetically modified mouse model, Nancy E. Cooke, MD, Stephen A. Liebhaber, MD, Professors of Genetics and Medicine, and colleagues, demonstrated a critical role of two non-coding regions on the activation of the hGH gene. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Here, CD79b was actively transcribed into mRNA, but this mRNA failed to translate into a functional protein. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This region of POMC encodes all the biologically active peptides mentioned above. (wikigenes.org)
  • Studying the length, composition, regulation, splicing, structures, and functions of coding regions compared to non-coding regions over different species and time periods can provide a significant amount of important information regarding gene organization and evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alkylation is one form of regulation of the coding region. (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead, the non-coding RNA was suspected to play a role in hGH gene regulation. (sciencedaily.com)