Mrna and protein expression of micrornas micro rna that regulates. Medical search. Frequent questions

MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
Auxin influences development by affecting the expression of numerous genes that control the processes of cell division and cell expansion in specific plant tissues at specific stages during the plant life cycle - e.g. for leaves, roots, and floral organs to develop in the correct patterns and correct time sequence. (eurekalert.org)
Research reported in The Plant Cell shows that microRNAs control the accumulation of transcription factor proteins that regulate the expression of genes in the auxin response pathway. (eurekalert.org)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are encoded by genes and are themselves templates for the proteins that carry the main metabolic functions in a cell. (eurekalert.org)
mRNAs corresponding to several regulatory genes that mediate auxin responses contain short stretches of sequence that are complementary to microRNAs, and therefore have been considered potential targets of microRNA-mediated regulation. (eurekalert.org)
One of these targets is the transcription factor AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 (ARF17), which is thought to repress the expression of a number of other genes involved in auxin responses. (eurekalert.org)
The plants showed increased accumulation of ARF17 mRNA and altered levels of mRNAs corresponding to several genes that may be regulated by ARF17. (eurekalert.org)
Four gene ontology biological processes were enriched among genes significantly correlated with the expression of miRNAs associated with EDC burden. (nih.gov)
Among them, recent studies, including ours, have demonstrated that miRNAs control the expression of genes associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism, including ABCA1, ABCG1, and scavenger receptor class B, type I. Moreover, HDL-C itself was proved to carry miRNAs and deliver them to several different types of cells. (nih.gov)
Thus, the probes of a microarray are made of DNA and these probes are then used to detect the abundance of specific mRNA (transcripts) from the genes that correspond to the sequence of the probes on the array. (medscape.com)
The expression level of thousands of fluorescently labeled genes or spots on one microscope slide can be visualized with a fluorescent scanner. (medscape.com)
lncRNAs can be categorized into intergenic, intronic, bidirectional, sense, and antisense lncRNAs, depending on their genomic position relative to nearby protein-coding genes ( 10 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Referring to genes that critically modify the cell micro-environment, P53 is of high significance. (iiarjournals.org)
The DICER1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a role in regulating the activity (expression) of other genes. (medlineplus.gov)
Through this role in regulating the expression of genes, Dicer is involved in many processes, including cell growth and division (proliferation) and the maturation of cells to take on specialized functions (differentiation). (medlineplus.gov)
Because miRNAs may regulate approximately 60% of human genes [ 11 ], the relationship between miRNAs and human diseases has been extensively explored in the last decade. (cdc.gov)
MicroRNAs are evolutionarily conserved non-protein-coding regulatory genes that partially complement one or more messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules (target mRNAs). (washingtonindependent.com)
The search for miRNA-155-3p target genes highlighted transcripts of two heat shock protein 40 genes, Dnaja2 and Dnajb1 [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A multi-step approach combining microarray miRNA and mRNA expression profile and bioinformatics analysis was adopted to analyze dysregulated miRNAs and genes in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rat kidneys, using normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as controls. (peerj.com)
Understanding the relevance of miRNA and mRNA expression patterns in GHS rat kidneys is important to better elucidate the relationship between pathophysiological process and genes. (peerj.com)
The articles produced by the PubMed search were reviewed for those specifically addressing a genetic profile's ability to predict response to neoadjuvant CRT in LARC (genes, microRNA, or long noncoding RNA). (hindawi.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of thousands of genes in a broad range of organisms in both normal physiological contexts and in disease contexts. (gene-quantification.eu)
In fact, miRNAs may regulate as many as one-third of human genes. (gene-quantification.eu)
Nrf2 regulates the expression of numerous anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic genes. (oregonstate.edu)
0.05), Nrf2 protein content, and the basal and anetholetrithione (A3T)-induced expression of Nrf2-dependent genes were attenuated with age. (oregonstate.edu)
MicroRNAs play vital role in plant growth and development by changeable expression of their target genes with most plant microRNAs having perfect or near-perfect complementarities with their target genes but miRNAs in Citrus sinensis (csi-miRNAs) and their function have not been widely studied. (biomedcentral.com)
Six potential target genes were identified for six csi-miRNAs and also experimentally verified by Poly (A) polymerase -mediated 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (PPM-RACE) and RNA ligase-mediated 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) which mapped the cleavage site of target mRNAs and detected expression patterns of cleaved fragments that indicate the regulatory function of the miRNAs on their target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results confirm that small RNA-mediated regulation whereby all csi-miRNAs regulate their target genes by degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
For detection of miRNA-mediated cleavage products, and determination of the manner of miRNA regulation on target genes, Poly (A) polymerase -mediated 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (PPM-RACE) and RNA ligase-mediated 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) developed. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent global analyses reveal that many genes express various forms of altered RNAs, including 3′UTR length variants. (molcells.org)
The eIF4A1-dependent translatome of MCF7 cells was defined by polysome profiling, and was shown to be highly enriched for several classes of oncogenic genes, including G-protein constituents, cyclins and protein kinases, and for mRNAs with G/C-rich 5′UTRs with potential to form G-quadruplexes and with 3′UTRs containing microRNA target sites. (nature.com)
Overall, our data show that dysregulation of mRNA unwinding contributes to the malignant phenotype in breast cancer via preferential translation of a class of genes involved in pro-oncogenic signaling at numerous levels. (nature.com)
From experimentally validated target genes of these 86 miRNAs, pan-sensitive and pan-resistant genes with concordant mRNA and protein expression associated with in-vitro drug response to 19 NCCN-recommended breast cancer drugs were selected. (cdc.gov)
The integration of various omics information such as DNA, RNA, protein, epigenetic regulation brings new opportunities for the mining of important genes and the analysis of molecular genetic mechanisms. (techscience.com)
It is possible to mine and screen functional genes (including circRNA, lincRNA miRNA and mRNA) from different levels and perspectives by obtaining information of genome, transcriptome, proteome, epigenome, and metagenomics. (techscience.com)
We hypothesized that a high fat diet in non-human primates would induce changes in hepatic chromatin structure resulting in altered expression of fetal genes critical to the development of childhood and adult obesity. (nih.gov)
Here, we find that the RNAs of pseudogenes, especially processed pseudogenes, have dramatically higher m 6 A levels than their cognate protein-coding genes, associated with de novo m 6 A peaks and motifs in human cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We then find that the m 6 A RNA modification of processed, rather than unprocessed, pseudogenes promotes cytosolic RNA degradation and attenuates interference with the RNAs of their cognate protein-coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
We experimentally validate the m 6 A RNA modification of two processed pseudogenes, DSTNP2 and NAP1L4P1 , which promotes the RNA degradation of both pseudogenes and their cognate protein-coding genes DSTN and NAP1L4 . (biomedcentral.com)
Our discovery reveals a novel evolutionary role of m 6 A RNA modification in cleaning up the unnecessary processed pseudogene transcripts to attenuate their interference with the regulatory network of protein-coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
As non-functional copies of closely related protein-coding genes, pseudogenes are one of the major class of substrates of NMD due to their accumulated nonsense mutations in the evolution [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Unitary pseudogenes are single-copy genes with spontaneous mutations in the coding regions or regulatory regions, resulting in genes unable to be transcribed or translated into proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
These genes were enriched in RNA processing pathways and encoded ~100 SFs, e.g. hnRNPA1. (iscb.org)

They bind to the 3'-untranslated region of specific mRNAs and inhibit translation or promote mRNA degradation. (nih.gov)
MicroRNA-340-mediated degradation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA is inhibited by coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP). (nih.gov)
UTR, causing mRNA degradation as well as decreased expression and activity of MITF. (nih.gov)
This transcript may also stabilize mRNAs by blocking degradation by staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 1. (nih.gov)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that bind to the 3' UTR of target mRNAs, and silence gene expression by inducing degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of protein translation [ 10 ]. (cdc.gov)
Some proteins bind to AREs and recruit the degradation machinery to ARE-containing mRNAs. (molcells.org)
miRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs, are known to regulate target gene expression by mRNA degradation or translational inhibition through imperfect paring at the 3′-end of untranslated regions (UTRs) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
An acetylation site in proximity to the protein-specific QTL implied a regulatory function of lysine acetylation in the degradation of the protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Due to its structures, circRNA are resistant to degradation by exonuclease activity and more stable than linear RNAs. (researchsquare.com)

These changes were correlated with dramatic development defects in leaves, roots, and flowers, showing that microRNA-mediated regulation of ARF17 is essential for normal plant development. (eurekalert.org)
There are many AGO1-like proteins in animals and other eukaryotes as well, indicating that the RNA-induced silencing complex is of ancient evolutionary origin, and that microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is shared among many eukaryotes. (eurekalert.org)
Arabidopsis ago1 mutants lacking the AGO1 protein have numerous severe developmental defects, supporting the notion that regulation by microRNAs is critical for normal plant growth. (eurekalert.org)
Dr. Bellini and her colleagues found that the mutant plants over-accumulate ARF17 mRNA within the hypocotyl, pointing to ARF17 as a major regulator of adventitious rooting and microRNA-mediated regulation as a major regulator of ARF17. (eurekalert.org)
In a third report, Dr. Nam-Hai Chua of Rockefeller University in New York and scientists at the Temasek Life Science Laboratories, Singapore, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing show that microRNA is important in the regulation of a transcription factor that is induced by auxin, called NAC1. (eurekalert.org)
By assessing gene ontology enrichment, we determined the potential mRNA targets of these microRNAs predicted in silico were associated with several biological pathways, including the regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity. (nih.gov)
This regulatory interplay between RNA-binding protein and miRNA highlights an important mechanism for the regulation of MITF in melanocytes and malignant melanomas. (nih.gov)
We also provide evidence that fatty acid oxidation is negatively regulated by miR-29 overexpression, potentially through the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α expression. (diabetesjournals.org)
The nuclear A-to-I editing of microRNA by adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (ADAR) has been linked to microRNA processing regulation. (washingtonindependent.com)
Although the biological role of discovered microRNAs is unclear, examining their expression patterns gives insight into their regulation and function. (washingtonindependent.com)
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Pulmonary Vascular Medicine Branch, is seeking statements of capability or interest from parties interested in collaborative research to further develop, evaluate, or commercialize microRNA regulation of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. (nih.gov)
This study presents a global view of mRNA and miRNA expression in GHS rat kidneys, and suggests that miRNAs may be important in the regulation of hypercalciuria. (peerj.com)
The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay. (gene-quantification.eu)
Many reports over the past few years have reported the regulation of miRNA metabolism and function by a range of mechanisms involving numerous protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. (gene-quantification.eu)
Extensive regulation of miRNA itself occurs at the levels of miRNA promoter transcription, methylation, miRNA processing, RNA editing, and miRNA-target interactions. (genengnews.com)
For example, in the nucleotide sequence surrounding a given target, secondary structures in the RNA can reduce target-site accessibility and reduce the chance of transcript regulation by the miRNA. (genengnews.com)
In addition to the economic value of citrus, availability of a large number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in citrus makes it an excellent source of experimental material for elucidation of gene expression and regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
The role of trivalent arsenic (As3+) on the regulation of the recently identified noncoding small RNAs, mainly microRNAs, has not been explored so far. (cdc.gov)
Most mRNAs undergo stability regulation through specific sequences and structures in 3′UTRs, such as AU-rich elements (AREs), GU-rich elements, CA-rich elements, and miRNA-binding sequences. (molcells.org)
Most regulation occurs post-transcriptionally, 1 and the major determinant of protein abundance is translational control. (nature.com)
miRNAs are ~22 nucleotide small RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (harvard.edu)
Because its regulation in muscle has not been fully exploited, the aim of this project was to identify micro (mi)RNAs in muscle that regulate Twist-1. (biologists.com)
The genetics of gene expression is critical in understanding gene regulation with the QTLs and dissecting the genetic basis of complex phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we focused on elaborating the feasible clinical application of bone exosomes and the characteristics of exosomal noncoding RNAs in the regulation of bone reconstruction. (hindawi.com)
MiR-17-5p is a predictive factor for chemotherapy response and a prognostic factor for overall survival in CRC, which is due to its regulation of PTEN expression. (oncotarget.com)
circRNAs have been implicated in microRNA (miRNA) sequestration, modulation of protein-protein interactions and regulation of mRNA transcription. (researchsquare.com)
More so, our results show that the epigenetic regulation of TE transcription is dynamically regulated throughout life (Paper II), upon the beginning of neuroinflammation (Paper III), and in a disease-driving polymorphic TE insertion (Paper IV). (lu.se)

The mRNA levels in a cell are fine tuned by different mechanisms, one of which is driven by microRNA molecules. (eurekalert.org)
MicroRNAs are ~22 nucleotide long RNA molecules that provide substrate specificity to a protein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex. (eurekalert.org)
Within the complex, microRNAs are thought to bind to mRNA molecules containing a complementary stretch of RNA sequence. (eurekalert.org)
Protein expression levels for both molecules were measured by implementing a digital image analysis assay (immunostaining intensity levels, densitometric evaluation). (iiarjournals.org)
Dicer cuts (cleaves) precursor RNA molecules to produce miRNA. (medlineplus.gov)
MicroRNAs attach to specific mRNA molecules and stop the process by which protein is made. (medlineplus.gov)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNA molecules of 18-24 nucleotides that regulate gene expression through posttranscriptional modification of target mRNA through binding at the 3′ untranslated region. (diabetesjournals.org)
Bone growth and metabolism are mainly regulated by a series of intracellular molecules and extracellular stimuli. (hindawi.com)

Gene-expression profiling using microarray analysis. (medscape.com)
Two stages can be distinguished in microarray experiments: a pre-microarray experiment phase (tissue handling) and the microarray experiment phase (labeling of the RNA). (medscape.com)
We obtained liver samples from donors aged less than 1 year or older than 13 years and isolated total RNA for use in a microarray to identify miRNAs that were downregulated in the livers of adults compared with children. (aspetjournals.org)
To accomplish this, I used microarray and RNAseq to profile both miRNA and mRNA expression in primary spinal motor neurons after acute SMN knockdown. (harvard.edu)
By microarray analysis, we studied miRNAs expression profiles in CRC patient, comparing chemoresistant and chemosensitive groups. (oncotarget.com)

It encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein with a molecular mass of 53 kDa which acts as a transcription factor negatively regulating cell proliferation. (iiarjournals.org)
LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 inhibits trophoblast autophagy in preeclampsia by targeting microRNA-31-5p and promoting the transcription of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine. (nih.gov)
MicroRNA biogenesis is carefully regulated in place and time, including miRNA transcription, processing by Drosha and Dicer, transportation, RISC-based bidding, and miRNA decay. (washingtonindependent.com)
MicroRNA may regulate gene transcription, restrict RNA export, or influence target mRNA splicing in the nucleus. (washingtonindependent.com)
Chemical modification of nucleic acids is an important part of biological processes, including RNA transcription, protein translation and signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods for analyzing RNA can entail reverse transcription of the desired RNA, followed by preamplification and amplification of selected target nucleic acids. (justia.com)
In particular embodiments, cDNA is produced by reverse transcription or amplification of mRNA. (justia.com)
In other embodiments, DNA is produced by reverse transcription or amplification of non-coding RNA. (justia.com)
When DNA is produced from RNA, e.g., by reverse transcription, preamplification can then be carried out in the same reaction mixture. (justia.com)
T, upstream of MRPL43 , may regulate the binding affinity of transcription factors. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of hsa_circRNA_101996, microRNA (miR)-143, and ten-eleven translocation (TET)-2 in GC tissues, the adjacent tissues, and cell lines were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (jcancer.org)

In primary human skeletal muscle cells, inhibition and overexpression strategies demonstrate that miR-29a and miR-29c regulate glucose uptake and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
We hypothesized that the loss of Nrf2 protein synthesis with age may partly stem from an age-related increase in microRNA inhibition of Nrf2 translation. (oregonstate.edu)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs of ~21 nt in length, present in plants and animals which regulating the gene expression at the posttranscriptional levels by binding to target mRNAs for mRNA cleavage or inhibition of mRNA translation. (biomedcentral.com)

For each gene on the array, the amount of fluorescently labeled RNA bound represents the expression level of that gene in the tumor sample. (medscape.com)
Background: P53 is a key regulator of genomic stability and function, acting as a tumor suppressor protein. (iiarjournals.org)
Tumor cells, endothelial cells, and microenvironmental cells generate microRNAs that influence tumor angiogenesis by functioning as pro-angiomiR or anti-angiomiR. (washingtonindependent.com)
Flowcytometric analysis revealed that of the three patients investigated, two had enhanced pSTAT-S727 signals in neoplastic cell populations, and all three patients were negative for pSTAT3-Y705 expression in both tumor cells and background lymphocytes. (bvsalud.org)
It participates in various RNA functions and plays vital roles in tissue development, stem cell formation and differentiation, heat shock response control, and circadian clock controlling, particularly during tumor development. (biomedcentral.com)
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HG-SOC) is the dominant tumor histologic type in epithelial ovarian cancers, exhibiting highly aberrant microRNA expression profiles and diverse pathways that collectively determine the disease aggressiveness and clinical outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
We investigated the gene expression patterns of microRNAs in the tumors of 582 HG-SOC patients to identify prognosis signatures and pathways controlled by tumor miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, it was found that transcriptional targets of SOX4 are associated with tumor metastasis and microRNA (miRNA) processing ( 6 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Twelve miRNAs showed concordant expression in tumors vs. normal breast tissues and patient survival (n = 1093), with seven as potential tumor suppressors and five as potential oncomiRs. (cdc.gov)
The result showed that hsa_circRNA_101996 expression was significantly upregulated in GC tissues compared to that in the adjacent tissues, and its level in cancer tissue was correlated with tumor size, lymphatic metastasis, and distant metastasis. (jcancer.org)
hsa_circ_0023404 exerts a tumor-promoting role in endometrial cancer by regulating miR-217/MARK1 axis. (researchsquare.com)

Abstract Breast cancer is a major global health concern, and recent researches have highlighted the critical roles of non-coding RNAs in both cancer and the immune system. (cbinsights.com)
Abstract The pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may be related to the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which could influence the differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. (techscience.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. (nih.gov)
The alpha 6 beta 4 integrin may promote tumorigenesis, while the alpha 6 beta 1 integrin may negatively regulate erbB2/HER2 signaling. (cancerindex.org)

The finding establishes nuclear non-coding RNA as a novel class of microRNA targets. (washingtonindependent.com)
In contrast, this technology simultaneously targets the expression of multiple enzymes required for cholesterol biosynthesis and thus may avoid the build-up of metabolic intermediates. (nih.gov)
The competing endogenous RNA hypothesis suggests that various types of RNA, including coding and non-coding RNAs, compete for microRNA targets, acting as molecular sponges. (cbinsights.com)
Investigators have found that miRNA regulatory processes involve miRNA activation of gene expression by interacting with complementary regions found in the promoter coding region, as well as the 3´ UTR of their mRNA targets. (genengnews.com)
By integrating the miRNA:mRNA profiles we identified dysregulated miRNAs with enrichment in differentially expressed putative targets. (harvard.edu)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an integral part of the post-transcriptional machinery of gene expression and have been implicated in the carcinogenic cascade. (cdc.gov)
They control the expression of homologous target-gene transcripts at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels via an RNA interference mechanism (RNAi). (washingtonindependent.com)
The preponderance of evidence suggests that post-transcriptional gene silencing by microRNA occurs in the cytoplasm and P-bodies. (washingtonindependent.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate protein-coding gene function at the post-transcriptional level by binding to complementary sites on target mRNAs in the 3′UTR ( Ambros, 2004 ). (peerj.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that are approximately 21 nucleotides in length and control many developmental and cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms. (gene-quantification.eu)
As presenters will discuss at CHI's "MicroRNA in Human Disease and Development" meeting later this month, miRNAs' mechanistic reach extends well beyond suppression of gene expression and encompasses a complex system of post-transcriptional control. (genengnews.com)
We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that influence gene expression post-transcriptionally. (washingtonindependent.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) influence a variety of biological functions by regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. (peerj.com)

This study introduces the Pre_CLM_BCS pipeline to investigate the potential of long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs as biomarkers in breast cancer subtypes. (cbinsights.com)
miRNA expression profiling is gaining popularity because miRNAs, as key regulators in gene expression networks, can influence many biological processes and also show promise as biomarkers for disease. (gene-quantification.eu)
We developed a variable selection and prognostic method, which performs a robust selection of small-sized subsets of the predictive features (e.g., expressed microRNAs) that collectively serves as the biomarkers of cancer risk and progression stratification system, interconnecting these features with common cancer-related pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
RNAs have the potential to become a new class of biomarkers to detect cancer at its earliest stages, as well as to characterize specific cancers. (genengnews.com)

MicroRNAs have been discovered in eukaryotic species, viruses, and prokaryotic cells. (washingtonindependent.com)
Alternative polyadenylation and alternative splicing are involved in diversifying 3′UTRs, which could act as a hidden layer of eukaryotic gene expression control. (molcells.org)
In the nucleus, eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized from a gene in a 5′ to 3′ direction and processed into mature transcripts by 5′-capping, splicing, and 3′-end formation. (molcells.org)
Translation initiation is rate limiting, highly regulated and dependent on the coordinated action of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). (nature.com)

Dr. Bonnie Bartel at Rice University in Houston, TX together with Drs. David Bartel and Allison Mallory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, MA report experiments using transgenic Arabidopsis plants that produce a version of ARF17 mRNA that resists microRNA-mediated cleavage. (eurekalert.org)
The mature forms of MIRs silence the gene expression is binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs and initiate the translational repression or cleavage of cognate mRNAs [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

MicroRNAs have essential roles in various biological processes, including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and development in health and illness. (washingtonindependent.com)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MicroRNA-9 (miR-9) has previously been described as a dual-functional RNA during breast cancer progression and its roles need to be clarified thoroughly. (bvsalud.org)
Roles of the N 6-methyladenosine 'writer', 'eraser' and 'reader' complexes in regulating mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (MIRs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs which contain 18 to 25 nucleotides and play important roles in regulating gene expression [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Second, in the past decade, exosomes have been attributed roles in the spread of proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA and DNA and as contributing factors in the development of several diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
The 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of the mRNA serve pivotal roles in posttranscriptional gene expression, regulating mRNA stability, translation, and localization. (molcells.org)
What are the roles of UTRs in regulating gene expression? (molcells.org)

Such findings suggest that microRNA expression patterns are changed in particular tumors, hinting that microRNA may play a role in developing cancer and other disorders. (washingtonindependent.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs frequently dysregulated in human malignant tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
It is one of the most commonly up-regulated miRNAs in tumors [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on over 3000 breast tumors to investigate the relationship among expression of eIF4A1, the helicase-modulating proteins eIF4B, eIF4E and PDCD4, and clinical outcome. (nature.com)
Expression of eIF4A1 itself has not been widely investigated in tumors. (nature.com)
Six miRNAs had concordant expression in both tumors and breast cancer patient blood samples compared with the normal control samples. (cdc.gov)

Although the overall function of microRNAs is understood, the molecular intricacies of microRNA synthesis and gene silencing remain unknown. (washingtonindependent.com)
7 The isoform eIF4A2 can also participate in translation initiation, but is also implicated in the function of microRNAs. (nature.com)

From a total of 2578 human miRNAs tested, 63 miRNAs were more than 2-fold down-regulated in adults, of which miR-376c-3p was predicted to bind to the 3′ untranslated region of GSTZ1 mRNA. (aspetjournals.org)
One of these, miRNA-146a, is predicted to bind Nrf2 mRNA. (oregonstate.edu)

Dysregulation of protein synthesis is associated with tumorigenesis, but little is known about the detailed relationships between RNA helicase function and the malignant phenotype in solid malignancies. (nature.com)
Interestingly, dysregulation of RNA processing and miRNA expression has been identified in motor neuron diseases including SMA and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. (harvard.edu)
Furthermore, this work highlights the impact of non-coding RNAs in human disease and points to specific miRNA whose dysregulation potentially impacts motor neuron health. (harvard.edu)

The earliest stages of animal development are largely controlled by changes in protein phosphorylation mediated by signaling pathways and cyclin-dependent kinases. (xenbase.org)
We identified 2418 mRNAs and 19 miRNAs as significantly differentially expressed, over 700 gene ontology (GO) terms and 83 KEGG pathways that were significantly enriched in GHS rats. (peerj.com)
Small RNA guides-microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, and repeat-associated small interfering RNAs, 21 to 30 nucleotides in length-shape diverse cellular pathways, from chromosome architecture to stem cell maintenance. (gene-quantification.eu)
However, the functional relationships between microRNAs, the common pathways controlled by the microRNAs and their prognostic and therapeutic significance remain poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Given the interesting connection between metformin's anti-inflammatory function and mastitis model induced by LTA in pbMECs, our objective was to prove that metformin was beneficial in suppressing proinflammatory response induced by LTA through modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in pbMECs. (techscience.com)

They function by translational repression or mRNA decay of target RNAs. (harvard.edu)
Canonical nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is an important splicing-dependent process for mRNA surveillance in mammals. (biomedcentral.com)

Previous work has shown that hepatic levels of human glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) protein, involved in tyrosine catabolism and responsible for metabolism of the investigational drug dichloroacetate, increase in cytosol after birth before reaching a plateau around age 7. (aspetjournals.org)
MicroRNAs in atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism. (nih.gov)
Meanwhile, miRNAs have been shown to regulate a wide range of biological processes including cell growth, metabolism, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, which have important implications in diseases processes ( Ambros, 2001 ). (peerj.com)
Human mRNA DeXD/H-box helicases are ubiquitous molecular motors that are required for the majority of cellular processes that involve RNA metabolism. (nature.com)

SMN has a number of functions related to RNA processing in neurons, including RNA trafficking in neurites, and RNA splicing and snRNP biogenesis in the nucleus. (harvard.edu)

Furthermore, our array results provide a database resource for future studies on mechanisms regulating human hepatic developmental expression. (aspetjournals.org)
The extent of microRNA silencing is unknown, as is the interaction between distinct silencing mechanisms. (washingtonindependent.com)
RNA-sequencing of human breast cancer cells, and mammary glands at hyperplastic stages and established tumours in PyMT and PyMT-miR-9-/- mice, ChIP and luciferase report assays were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
The potential therapeutic value of designing vectors under the control of miRNA regulatory mechanisms was verified when hemophilia B mice were injected with the same miRNA-regulated vector and encoding factor IX. (genengnews.com)
The result suggested that the importance of miRNAs in regulating development of C. sinensis and indicate that comprehensive studies of miRNAs in citrus would facilitate further understanding of regulatory mechanisms behind floral induction, stage transition and organ genesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, this review summarizes recent discoveries in the functional mechanisms of intercellular crosstalk involving ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. (kjpp.net)

To date, more than 5,000 of these endogenous, noncoding single-stranded RNAs have been identified. (genengnews.com)

A Caenorhabditis elegans research discovered an argonaute protein called NRDE-3 (nuclear RNAi defective-3), which imports siRNA to the nucleus. (washingtonindependent.com)
For example, the non-coding RNA can be small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and/or Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA). (justia.com)

Perhaps nuclear microRNA drives DNA methylation in collaboration with argonaute proteins. (washingtonindependent.com)

Bioinformatic analysis was further performed to construct an integrative regulatory network of altered miRNA-mRNA transcriptsin GHS rat kidney. (peerj.com)

The ncRNAs include long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). (cbinsights.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) a newly studied type of non-coding RNA that play an important role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of various diseases. (jcancer.org)
Studies have shown that a large number of non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) are associated with the occurrence of gynecological diseases[ 3 , 4 ].Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belongs to a new class of non-coding RNAs and are formed by a peculiar pre-mRNA witha covalently closed continuous loop. (researchsquare.com)

Age-related loss of hepatic Nrf2 protein homeostasis: Potential role for heightened expression of miR-146a. (oregonstate.edu)

5′UTRs are the leading sites for ribosome assembly for mRNA translation. (molcells.org)
One of the most abundant is eIF4A, which is required during the initiation phase of protein synthesis to unwind regions of highly structured mRNA that would otherwise impede the scanning ribosome. (nature.com)
Genome-wide eQTL analyses with transcriptome-wide gene expression data revealed 20 cis-acting eQTLs associated simultaneously with mRNA expression, ribosome occupancy, and protein abundance. (biomedcentral.com)
One allele of the eQTL was associated with increased mRNA expression and ribosome occupancy but decreased protein abundance. (biomedcentral.com)
Individuals with the TGG haplotype at these three variants had higher levels of mRNA expression and ribosome occupancy than individuals with the GCA haplotype but lower protein levels, producing the flipped effect throughout the expression process. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments (ribosome profiling) provides information on the transcripts being translated. (iscb.org)
We describe a new pipeline for the quantification of individual transcript coding sequences from ribosome profiling using both RNA-seq and Ribo-seq. (iscb.org)

In the first step of making a protein from a gene, another type of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) is formed and acts as the blueprint for protein production. (medlineplus.gov)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA with a length that exceeds 200 nucleotides. (frontiersin.org)
Abundant studies have indicated that lncRNAs can have different expression patterns in disease states ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Although miRNAs are the most studied non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to date, the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is increasingly being recognized. (gene-quantification.eu)

UTR of MITF mRNA, and prevents the binding of miR-340 to its target sites, resulting in the stabilization of MITF transcripts, elevated expression, and transcriptional activity of MITF. (nih.gov)
However, newly identified microRNA and argonaute proteins in human cell nuclei have been demonstrated to suppress nuclear target RNA gene expression. (washingtonindependent.com)
This technology is directed to the discovery of specific microRNAs that target and downregulate enzymes within the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and is currently being tested in vivo. (nih.gov)
He says that several features of miRNA target sites on mRNA influence the results of miRNA binding to the site. (genengnews.com)
An obstacle to the rapid and reliable analysis of genomic DNA or RNA (e.g., non-coding RNA or mRNA) from small samples or single cells has been that the reproducibility of conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been inadequate to ensure that all target nucleic acids of interest are amplified sufficiently to be detected. (justia.com)
Further, I confirm that miR-431 directly regulates its target chondrolectin and impacts neurite length. (harvard.edu)
Noncoding RNAs in exosomes supply a method that cells can straightly regulate the expression of protein in target cells. (hindawi.com)

Recently, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to be involved in diverse diseases, and the functions of various ncRNAs have been reported. (kjpp.net)

The objective of this study was to determine whether prenatal exposure to multiple EDCs is associated with changes in miRNA expression of human placenta, and whether miRNA alterations are associated with birth outcomes. (nih.gov)
Similar to DNA mutations producing aberrant proteins, RNA alterations expand the transcriptome landscape and change the cellular proteome. (molcells.org)
However, few reports have provided direct evidence indicating a correlation between aberrant SOX4 expression and miRNA alterations in tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Alterations in the expression of several eIF4A1 activity-modulating proteins have been observed in many cancers. (nature.com)

B) Individual protein abundance presented on a log2 axis across developmental time points. (xenbase.org)
Protein abundance normalize to stage VI oocyte are plotted at the seven experimental time points. (xenbase.org)
Proteins that were not detected have had their abundance set to zero. (xenbase.org)
Additionally, we performed differential splicing analysis between glia and glioma samples from human and mouse and found consistent changes occurring in both RNA-seq and Ribo-seq for the majority of cases, indicating that changes in the relative abundance of transcript isoforms lead to changes in the production of protein isoforms in the same direction. (iscb.org)

Small silencing RNAs: an expanding universe. (medlineplus.gov)
Discovered in nematodes in 1993, microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that are related to small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the small RNAs that guide RNA interference (RNAi). (gene-quantification.eu)
The present invention provides methods for analysis of genomic DNA and/or RNA from small samples or even single cells. (justia.com)
The invention relates to methods useful for analyzing the nucleic acids, e.g., genomic DNA or RNA (e.g., non-coding RNA or mRNA), of small populations of cells or single cells. (justia.com)

These findings suggest that multiple functional variants in a linkage exert their regulatory functions at different points in the gene expression process, producing a complexity of single eQTLs. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to better understand the mechanism of exosomes as noncoding RNA vectors regulating bone remodeling, we reviewed the newest findings on the feature and role of exosomes in bone formation. (hindawi.com)

Using multiple datasets, we find evidence of translation for 50-70% of the isoforms quantified with RNA-seq. (iscb.org)

Our aim was to correlate P53 expression with murine double minute 2 (MDM2), a proto-oncogene that interacts with P53 and forms an auto-regulatory pathway, in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). (iiarjournals.org)
LncRNA SNHG5 promotes the proliferation and cancer stem cell-like properties of HCC by regulating UPF1 and Wnt-signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
The inventors have discovered a set of specific microRNAs that downregulate the expression of multiple enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. (nih.gov)
Huang F, Jiang J, Yao Y, Hu S, Wang H, Zhu M, Yu L, Liu Q, Jia H, Xu W. Circular RNA Hsa_circRNA_101996 promotes the development of Gastric Cancer via Upregulating Matrix Metalloproteinases-2/Matrix Metalloproteinases-9 through MicroRNA-143/Ten-eleven translocation-2 Pathway. (jcancer.org)
Furthermore, we revealed that TET2 regulates MMP2/MMP9 expression through the DNA demethylation pathway. (jcancer.org)

However, miRNA expression patterns and their biological functions in urolithiasis remain unknown. (peerj.com)
The pipeline identifies specific modules within each subtype that contain at least one long non-coding RNA or circular RNA exhibiting significantly distinct expression patterns when compared to other subtypes. (cbinsights.com)

Processed pseudogenes, also known as retrotransposed pseudogenes, are generated through retrotransposition of mRNA transcripts, thus do not have introns but may have poly(A) tails. (biomedcentral.com)

The complex then cleaves the mRNA into smaller pieces, thereby preventing translation of the protein it encodes, and thus inhibiting or "silencing" gene expression. (eurekalert.org)
Briefly, microRNAs regulate the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) into protein. (nih.gov)
miRNAs act through binding to complementary mRNA sequences, thereby preventing their translation into protein or accelerating mRNA breakdown. (genengnews.com)
The elevated level of miR-190 induced by As3+ is capable of downregulating the translation of the PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP), a negative regulator of Akt signaling. (cdc.gov)
It degrades mRNAs with premature translation termination codons (PTCs), which are usually generated via nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations, or aberrant splicing [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
its LSVs were consistent with reduced translation of DICER1 mRNA. (iscb.org)

Conversely, other proteins have opposing sites of phosphorylation that seemingly reflect distinct changes in activity during this developmental timeline. (xenbase.org)

This study aims to examine fluctuations in differential gene expression by alleles of sequence variants across expression processes. (biomedcentral.com)

The nucleic acids generated, e.g., from a single cell's genomic DNA or RNA, can be subjected to preamplification. (justia.com)
Genomic information stored in the DNA is transcribed to the mRNA and translated to proteins. (molcells.org)
Genomic information is translated to proteins once mature mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm. (molcells.org)

However, the mechanism regulating this change of expression is still unknown, and previous studies showed that GSTZ1 mRNA levels did not correlate with GSTZ1 protein expression. (aspetjournals.org)
We observed little change in protein expression levels during this period. (xenbase.org)
Galaxy plot correlating changes in protein levels with changes in phosphorylation. (xenbase.org)
In addition, overexpression of miR-155-3p is correlated with decreased levels FBXW7 mainly through inhibiting the expression of FBXW7. (biomedcentral.com)
We observed that, paradoxically, Nrf2 protein levels decline in the livers of aged rats despite the inflammatory environment evident in that organ. (oregonstate.edu)
Mechanically, miR-493 levels increased in GC and directly targeted and down-regulated DKK1 expression. (oncotarget.com)
The protein levels of integrin α6 were determined by immunohistochemistry methods. (cancerindex.org)
The differences in protein and mRNA levels in cancer tissues and non-cancerous tissues were analyzed, and we subsequently investigated the association between integrin α6 expression and key parameters indicating lung adenocarcinoma progression and overall survival rate. (cancerindex.org)
The expression of miR-129-2, which is computationally predicted as an upstream regulator of SOX4 , was correlated with SOX4 levels in esophageal cancer samples. (spandidos-publications.com)
Significantly higher expression levels of miR-17-5p were found in CRC patients with distant metastases and higher clinical stages. (oncotarget.com)
Chemotherapy was found to increase the expression levels of miR-17-5p, which further repressed PTEN levels, contributing to the development of chemo-resistance. (oncotarget.com)
Levels of protein expression were analyzed by Western blotting. (jcancer.org)
The m 6 A sites of pseudogenes are evolutionarily younger than neutral sites and their m 6 A levels are increasing, supporting the idea that m 6 A on the RNAs of pseudogenes is under positive selection. (biomedcentral.com)
After 4 weeks of conversion, we performed global analyses of RNA and protein levels by RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry. (lu.se)

3′UTRs form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) with many RNA binding proteins (RBPs). (molcells.org)

In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that microRNAs (miRNAs) could regulate expression of GSTZ1. (aspetjournals.org)

Compared with the low hsa_circRNA_101996 expression group, the three-year survival rate of patients in the high hsa_circRNA_101996 expression group was significantly lower. (jcancer.org)

Assessment of miR-103-3p expression in exosomes isolated from BM in 34 MDS patients and 10 controls revealed its 0.52-fold downregulation in patients with MDS compared with controls (NOR) and was downregulated 0.55-fold in MDS-MSCs compared with NOR-MSCs. (techscience.com)
This review provides theoretical references and evidences for further exploration of exosomes as noncoding RNA carriers to regulate bone tissue recovery through the following aspects: (1) basic characteristics of exosomes, (2) research progress of exosomal noncoding RNA in bone tissue engineering, (3) current status and advantages of engineering exosomes as nanocarriers for noncoding RNA delivery, and (4) problems and application prospects of exosome therapy in the field of orthopedics. (hindawi.com)
The inset shows the clinical application of noncoding RNA exosomes [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, exosomes were found to carry miRNAs and mRNAs for intercellular communication in 2007. (hindawi.com)

This gene represent a snoRNA host gene and produces a long non-coding RNA. (nih.gov)

We find that more than half the identified proteins possess multiple sites of phosphorylation that are often clustered, where kinases work together in a hierarchical manner to create stretches of phosphorylated residues, which may be a means to amplify signals or stabilize a particular protein conformation. (xenbase.org)

LncRNA SNHG5 promotes the glycolysis and proliferation of breast cancer cell through regulating BACH1 via targeting miR-299. (nih.gov)

Anatomy3

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Genes43

Degradation9

Regulation27

Molecules8

Microarray5

Transcription11

Inhibition3

Tumor11

Abstract2

Negatively regulate2

Targets5

Post-transcriptional7

Gene expression post-transcriptionally2

Biomarkers4

Eukaryotic4

Cleavage2

Roles7

Tumors6

Function of microRNAs2

Bind2

Dysregulation3

Pathways6

Decay2

Metabolism4

Biogenesis1

Mechanisms6

Single-stranded1

SiRNA2

Methylation1

MiRNA-mRNA1

Circular RNAs3

Hepatic1

Ribosome7

Messenger RNA1

LncRNAs3

Target7

NcRNAs1

Alterations4

Abundance4

Small4

Findings2

Isoforms1

Pathway5

Patterns2

Transcripts1

Translation6

Conversely1

Variants1

Genomic3

Levels14

UTRs1

Hypothesis1

Significantly1

Exosomes4

SnoRNA1

Stabilize1

Promotes1