Mrna and protein dna activated protein kinase. Medical search. Frequent questions

Orthologous to human MAPKAPK2 (MAPK activated protein kinase 2). (nih.gov)
Proinflammatory Effect of Endothelial Microparticles Is Mitochondria Mediated and Modulated Through MAPKAPK2 (MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase 2) Leading to Attenuation of Cardiac Hypertrophy. (nih.gov)
It belongs to the MAPK superfamily of stress-activated protein kinases. (thermofisher.com)
Our recent work demonstrated that TPM cancers are a unique subset characterized by distinct gene and protein expression profiles dominated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and elevated RAS/BRAF/MAPK signaling. (uab.edu)
Several recent studies reported that TERT mRNA expression in TPM cancers is supported by mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling through the Ras pathway (Vallarelli et al. (uab.edu)
Pharmacological inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) suppressed the thrombin-induced IL-6 expression. (elsevierpure.com)
Thrombin also induced phosphorylation of CRE binding protein (CREB) in an ERK- and a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. (elsevierpure.com)
For example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 pathway mediates stabilization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA in myeloid cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (ed.ac.uk)
We present evidence that phosphorylation of TTP is mediated by the p38-regulated kinase MAPKAPK2 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 2). (ed.ac.uk)
These events are influenced by and activate other molecular pathways, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),[2] and therapies are now available that target these pathocellular processes. (cancernetwork.com)
Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. (plos.org)
Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)
This mutant, which we called boygirl ( byg ), was shown to contain an early stop codon that disrupts the autosomal gene encoding MAP3K4, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (plos.org)

In the present study, we examined the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the mitogen-activated protein kinases, ERK1/2,in mediating BK-induced AP-1 and DNA replication in cultured rat mesangial cells. (nih.gov)
Mechanistic studies revealed no impact on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases. (aspetjournals.org)

BK (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) stimulated a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins with an estimated molecular mass of 120-130, 90-95, and 44-42 kDa. (nih.gov)
Genistein, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, prevented the phosphorylation of ERK2 by BK. (nih.gov)
AP-1 pathway and that BK mitogenic signaling is critically dependent on protein tyrosine phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
Moreover, hydroquinone increased the phosphorylation of Akt to activate Akt, whereas co-treatment with NU7026 prevented the activation of Akt by hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
Mechanistically, MTX treatment led to cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) Ser133 phosphorylation, while AMPK depletion attenuated this response and the induction of MnSOD and HO-1. (bmj.com)
Furthermore, EPO-induced neuroprotection as well as phosphorylation of the proapoptotic Bcl family member Bad was reduced by the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. (jneurosci.org)
Levels of phosphorylation and protein expression were determined using western blotting. (hindawi.com)
The RUNX1: heterodimer carrier represses thus inhibited in IL1 phosphorylation of transcription classical kinases, including GPAM, KCTD6 and AXIN1( Stender et al. (erik-mill.de)
The TP53 role anything, which is as heterodimerization of the RUNX1: loop repeat, was identified to directly eventually heat Phosphorylation of several proteins that are diseases of intellectual stages. (erik-mill.de)
Ribosomal protein S6 kinases are activated through phosphorylation in response to a variety of HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphorylation of RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 by enzymes in this class results in increased expression of 5' top MRNAs. (bvsalud.org)

DNA was cool itself, but the fact that you could take it apart and put it back together and test ideas on genes-that totally blew my mind. (the-scientist.com)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
There is no longer a need for signals to activate these genes. (cancerquest.org)
qPCR was carried out to determine the changes in mRNA expression of genes of interest. (hindawi.com)
Thus, stress response studies during these growth stages reveal novel differentially regulated genes or proteins with important functions in plant stress adaptation. (intechopen.com)
For example, our group has examined the genes regulated by the Zap1p transcription factor in S. cerevisiae using DNA microarrays and promoter motif analysis [ 1 ] (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Zap1p activates the transcription of its target genes in zinc-limited but not in zinc-replete yeast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Like Zap1p, these factors activate the expression of target genes in metal-limiting conditions, to facilitate uptake and distribution of the metal ion. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 11 ] In the CALERIE phase 1 study, however, we demonstrated that 6 months of 25% CR in healthy human s increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. (medscape.com)
[ 10 ] The most frequently mutated genes in seborrheic keratoses are FGFR3 (found in 71% or sporadic seborrheic keratosis) and the p110 catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ( PI3K ) (found in 50% of sporadic seborrheic keratoses). (medscape.com)
The Y-linked sex determining gene SRY regulates this process by initiating a pathway of gene and protein expression, including the expression of critical autosomal genes such as SOX9 . (plos.org)
To establish the DNA methylation patterns of the promoter CpG islands of 14 "drug-resistance" genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (wjgnet.com)
The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene (as well as other PDGFRA fusion genes) provides instructions for making a fusion protein that has the function of the normal PDGFRA protein. (medlineplus.gov)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

DAP12 bears ITAM motif and activates protein tyrosine kinases Syk and Zap70 signalling. (wikipedia.org)
Each of these effects was blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibition with genistein or herbimycin A. Similarly, antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting of ERK1/2 mRNA inhibited BK-stimulated DNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
It has a direct binding site at the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain giving it potential as a model substance for the development of insulin mimetics. (nutrimedical.com)
A high frequency of mutations in the gene encoding the tyrosine kinase receptor FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) has been found in certain types of seborrheic keratoses. (medscape.com)
FGFR3 belongs to a class of transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors involved in signal transduction to regulate cell growth, differentiation, and migration, as well as wound healing and angiogenesis. (medscape.com)

These kinases initiate the DNA damage response pathway which participates in NKG2D ligand upregulation. (wikipedia.org)
Then I thought, there must be a sensory pathway that recognizes the DNA damage that's going on in the cell," says Elledge. (the-scientist.com)
The p38 pathway is required for the induction of TNF-alpha RNA-binding activity and for the expression of TTP protein and mRNA. (ed.ac.uk)
Our findings demonstrate a direct link between a specific signal transduction pathway and a specific RNA-binding protein, both of which are known to regulate TNF-alpha gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. (ed.ac.uk)
Introduction Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2) is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of uridine and cytidine to their monophosphate form of uridine and cytidine in an alternative salvage pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis [1]. (nanoker-society.org)
With these stably transduced cell lines, we performed a therapeutic target screen via siRNA-mediated knock-down of a number of potentially therapeutic targets within the wnt pathway - osteoprotegerin (OPG), Traf2 and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK), SRY-related HMG-box (Sox2), protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), β-catenin and transcription factor 4 (TCF4). (uni-muenchen.de)
The activation of Akt kinase enhances the survival of cells by blocking the p53 pathway and the FOXO-mediated proapoptotic cascade. (medscape.com)
In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9 , a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. (plos.org)
download insurgency and Factor C frequently contains, and DNA translocation derivative forms and is the IFNAR2 pathway of DNA. (erik-mill.de)
Skin fibroblasts in WS patients demonstrate characteristics of cells in conditions of stress with slow growth rates, an elongated cell cycle, and an altered morphology that suggests stress-induced premature senescence transduced in part by the p38α MAP kinase signaling pathway. (medscape.com)

Visfatin promotes angiogenesis by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. (thieme-connect.com)

Inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit by small molecule inhibitor NU7026 sensitizes human leukemic K562 cells to benzene metabolite-induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
In this study, we used a new, small molecule, a selective inhibitor of DNA-PKcs, 2-(morpholin-4-yl)-benzo[h]chomen-4-one (NU7026), as a probe to analyze the molecular events and pathways in hydroquinone-induced DNA DSB repair and apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
Cultured neurons express EpoR, and the Janus kinase-2 (JAK-2) inhibitor AG490 abolished EPO-induced tolerance against OGD. (jneurosci.org)
Novartis announced plans for a phase III trial of its Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in patients suffering from COVID-19-associated cytokine storms. (nature.com)

Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity. (nih.gov)
MAPKs are Serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli, and mediate signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. (thermofisher.com)
A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. (bvsalud.org)

DAP10 functions as an adaptor protein and transduces the signal after the ligand binding by recruiting the p85 subunit of PI3K and Grb2-Vav1 complex which are responsible for subsequent downstream events. (wikipedia.org)
EPO activates the neuronal EPO receptor and, subsequently, JAK-2 and thereby PI3K. (jneurosci.org)
These inhibitors of PI3K class III (3-MA) and AMP-Activated protein kinase (AMPK) (compound c) suppressed the autophagic vesicle formation, LC3-II protein levels and autophagy induced by resveratrol. (tmu.edu.tw)

NKG2D is an activating receptor (transmembrane protein) belonging to the NKG2 family of C-type lectin-like receptors. (wikipedia.org)
In NK cells, NKG2D serves as an activating receptor, which itself is able to trigger cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
As Dörner emphasized, these cells are not under the command of the B-cell receptor and are independent of the cytokine BAFF (B-cell activating factor). (medscape.com)
All IFNαs and IFNβ bind to the same receptor and as a result, the cytoplasmic kinases JAK1 and TYK2 become activated and phosphorylate the STAT1 and STAT2 molecules. (cdc.gov)
The RUNX1: type pyrophosphate directly is change of the dendritic receptor, quantifying DNA transcription protein 1( CD35)( Kim et al. (erik-mill.de)
The PDGFRA gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein that is found in the cell membrane of certain cell types. (medlineplus.gov)
Receptor proteins have specific sites into which certain other proteins, called ligands, fit like keys into locks. (medlineplus.gov)
When the ligand attaches (binds), the PDGFRA receptor protein is turned on (activated), which leads to activation of a series of proteins in multiple signaling pathways. (medlineplus.gov)

GRs), which ultimately alter transcription through direct DNA binding 31 or transcription factor inactivation 32 . (ersjournals.com)

We have previously reported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break (DSB) caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. (cdc.gov)

In contrast, protein kinase C inhibition or depletion had no effect on BK-induced c-fos mRNA, AP-1-DNA binding activity, or DNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
Incorporation of [ 3 H]-thymidine and [ 3 H]-proline were used for evaluating DNA and collagen synthesis. (thieme-connect.com)
We demonstrated that visfatin significantly increased DNA and collagen synthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (thieme-connect.com)
Anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts of this plant were previously attributed to inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and prostaglandin E 2 synthesis. (aspetjournals.org)
Adenine forms several biological compounds involved in a variety of cellular physiological processes such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular respiration and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in protein synthesis. (hindawi.com)
Our findings revise theories of labour division between the major RNA polymerases, and identify nucleolar Pol II as a major factor in protein synthesis and nuclear organization, with potential implications for health and disease. (nature.com)
All eukaryotic cells precisely regulates histone levels by shutting off histone transcription at the end of DNA synthesis. (wustl.edu)
Our data provides crucial evidence that in addition to mRNA turnover, histone transcription shut off would efficiently lower histone transcript levels once DNA synthesis is complete, thus eliminating overproduction of core histones. (wustl.edu)
Subsequently, HIRA is recruited to pY37-H2B, preventing NPAT rebinding and suppressing histone mRNA synthesis. (wustl.edu)
Endothelin-1 has dual stimulatory effects on DNA synthesis and melanization of human melanocytes and has been implicated as playing a part in the hyperpigmentation observed in seborrheic keratoses. (medscape.com)
The disease is connected with excessive synthesis of collagen types I and III, which is dependent on elevated messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. (medscape.com)

Their expression is regulated at different stages (transcription, mRNA and protein stabilization, cleavage from the cell surface) by various stress pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Among them, one of the most prominent stress pathways is DNA damage response. (wikipedia.org)
Since endothelial dysfunction precedes overt atherosclerosis, investigating the ability of drugs to activate cytoprotective signalling pathways that prevent or reverse endothelial dysfunction is an attractive research strategy. (bmj.com)
JNK pathways are activated by stress and inflammatory signals. (thermofisher.com)
Signal transduction pathways regulate gene expression in part by modulating the stability of specific mRNAs. (ed.ac.uk)
As a result, the signaling pathways are constantly turned on (constitutively activated), which increases the proliferation and survival of cells. (medlineplus.gov)

In mice, it is expressed by NK cells, NK1.1+ T cells, γδ T cells, activated CD8+ αβ T cells and activated macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
NKG2D recognizes induced-self proteins from MIC and RAET1/ULBP families which appear on the surface of stressed, malignant transformed, and infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
NKG2D ligands are induced-self proteins which are completely absent or present only at low levels on surface of normal cells, but they are overexpressed by infected, transformed, senescent and stressed cells. (wikipedia.org)
DNA damage response thus participate in alerting the immune system to the presence of potentially dangerous cells. (wikipedia.org)
The function of NKG2D on CD8+ T cells is to send co-stimulatory signals to activate them. (wikipedia.org)
Visfatin Stimulates Production of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 and Interleukin-6 in Human Vein Umbilical Endothelial Cells. (thieme-connect.com)
Inhibition of DNA-PKcs by NU7026 markedly potentiated the apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects of hydroquinone in proerythroid leukemic K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
Using a wide range of biochemical and lipidomic analyses, we demonstrated that ABTL0812 increases cellular long-chain dihydroceramides by impairing DEGS1 (delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1) activity, which resulted in sustained ER stress and activated unfolded protein response (UPR) via ATF4-DDIT3-TRIB3 that ultimately promotes cytotoxic autophagy in cancer cells. (nih.gov)
His first experimental results contained a serendipitous artifact that laid the foundation for a scientific career studying how eukaryotic cells deal with damage to their DNA. (the-scientist.com)
Elledge had found that Rnr2 protein levels increased when yeast cells were grown in the presence of agents that damaged DNA. (the-scientist.com)
He found that RNR2 RNA levels increased dramatically, even more than the protein levels, upon exposure of cells to DNA damage and that mutations in RNR2 resulted in hypersensitivity to DNA damage. (the-scientist.com)
Elledge's idea that eukaryotic cells sense the progress of DNA replication and transform that information into a DNA-damage response was new. (the-scientist.com)
Those results led him to study how cells monitor roadblocks to replication and DNA damage, such as nicks and double-stranded breaks, and how the cell handles that information. (the-scientist.com)
Description: The most disgusting imaginable method of obtaining a 745 base pair sequence of DNA from Bovine pituitary glands which has the wonderful capability of stimulating the division of rat Schwann cells in when resident in fetal calf blood plasma. (coldwelliantimes.com)
People whose throat swabs tested positive for COVID-19 will receive the transduced DCs together with activated antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells subcutaneously. (nature.com)
We obsevered that WEE1 kinase deposit pY37-H2B epigenetic marks upstream of Hist1 cluster, suppressing global histone transcription in both yeast and mammalian cells. (wustl.edu)
Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)
24 25 This is a process catalysed by B-cell specific V(D)J recombinase activating enzymes RAG-1/2 which are expressed in both pre-B cells and GC B cells. (bmj.com)
Most cells have intracellular sensors of viral products that, when activated, initiate a signaling cascade that results in transcriptional induction of the IFNβ gene. (cdc.gov)
Importantly, resveratrol also stimulated the autophagic mRNA gene expression, including Atg5, Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3-II in CAR cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
The study exhibited that this expression of UCK2 mRNA were substantially reduced in treated HT-29 cells. (nanoker-society.org)
Tumour suppressor protein, p53, prevents cancer development by eliminating cells with mutagenic alterations or potential for neoplastic transformation or blocking their cell cycle permanently or by transient DNA repair [3C5]. (nanoker-society.org)
Extraction of total protein Total protein was extracted from lysed HT-29 cells in an appropriate volume of ProteoJET mammalian cell lysis reagent (Fermentas, Burlington, ON, Canada). (nanoker-society.org)
As proof of principle the siRNA-mediated knock down of β-catenin was verified on mRNA and protein level in LS174T cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Furthermore in the in vitro experiments, the tumor-selectivtiy of the CTP4-promoter was employed in the delivery of the cytotoxic protein diphteria toxin A (DTA) in colorectal cancer target cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
[ 14 ] Thus, the signaling kinase Akt is critical in preventing seborrheic keratosis cells from undergoing programmed cell death. (medscape.com)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

The proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and excessive extracellular matrix protein accumulation are the basic pathological processes of myocardial fibrosis. (thieme-connect.com)

MAPK8 (JNK1) is activated by the presence of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. (thermofisher.com)

MTX increases intracellular accumulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (bmj.com)
The data showed that adenine activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling contributing to autophagic cell death through mTOR in both colon cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in anticancer property of adenine was also investigated. (hindawi.com)

Telomerase was recently discovered to be aberrantly activated in cancer by mutations in the TERT proximal promoter (TPM) (Huang et al. (uab.edu)
Activating mutations in FGFR3 have been found in approximately 40% of hyperkeratotic seborrheic keratoses, 40% of acanthotic seborrheic keratoses, and 85% of adenoid seborrheic keratoses. (medscape.com)
This segmental progeroid syndrome is caused by null mutations at the WRN locus,[3] which codes for a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases. (medscape.com)
More than 70 disease-causing mutations have been described, the majority being stop codon mutations, splice mutations, or small ins/del-producing truncations of the protein and/or non-sense-mediated decay of mutant mRNA. (medscape.com)
Rarely, changes in single DNA building blocks (point mutations) in the PDGFRA gene are found in people with this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Similarly, point mutations in the PDGFRA gene can result in a PDGFRA protein that is activated without ligand binding. (medlineplus.gov)

The study suggests the possibility of MDM2 protein was downregulated and its suppression subsequently activates the expression of p53 during inhibition of UCK2 enzyme. (nanoker-society.org)

Nonetheless, MDM2 is in turn regulated by ribosomal proteins (RPs) that binds and suppress the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity resulting in the stabilization and activation of p53 [9]. (nanoker-society.org)
These ribosomal proteins are found in stoichiometric amounts in the.Approximately 10 L of the extracted DNA was run on 1% gel electrophoresis and visualized under Gel Doc (Bio-rad, Hercules, CA, US). (nanoker-society.org)
Although specific for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 members of this class of kinases can act on a number of substrates within the cell. (bvsalud.org)
The immunosuppressant SIROLIMUS inhibits the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases. (bvsalud.org)

Growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) are upregulated to stimulate angiogenesis, while downregulation of endogenous protein inhibitors (thrombospondin 1 and interferon) disrupts the balance of physiologic angiogenesis. (cancernetwork.com)
Genome instability activates stress kinases, implying that kinase inhibitors may form the basis of antiaging therapies for individuals with WS. (medscape.com)

RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used for determining procollagen I and III mRNA expression and protein production. (thieme-connect.com)
It was also found that visfatin upregulated collagen I and III production, procollagen I and III mRNA expression and protein production. (thieme-connect.com)
Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
Lastly, hydroquinone and NU7026 exhibited synergistic effects on promoting apoptosis by increasing the protein levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 but decreasing the protein expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. (cdc.gov)
The expression systems are developed by cloning in the specific antibody DNA sequences from immunoreactive rabbits. (thermofisher.com)
These conditions include but are not limited to artery or vein occlusion in diabetic retinopathy, hypoxic retina in retinopathy of prematurity, aging in age-related macular degeneration, expression of mutant proteins in inherited retinal degeneration, traumatic injury leading to retinal detachment, and light sensitivity in the case of light-induced retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
Here, we show that in primary human femoral head osteoarthritic and normal bovine chondrocytes, TWHF partially or completely inhibited mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-17-inducible MMP-3 and MMP-13. (aspetjournals.org)
This agent also inhibited cytokine-stimulated MMP-3 protein expression in human synovial fibroblasts. (aspetjournals.org)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
Thrombin induced IL-6 mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. (elsevierpure.com)
Overexpression of the dominant-negative form of CREB inhibited thrombin-induced IL-6 mRNA expression. (elsevierpure.com)
By means of oligonucleotide microarray and RNA interference, we reveal that the sensitizing effect of IFN-β was possibly due to attenuation of MGMT expression via induction of the protein p53. (aacrjournals.org)
The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids occur with a considerable delay (within hours or days) because of the multiple steps of cellular actions required to change protein expression. (ersjournals.com)
In order to restrict reporter gene expression to the desired cell type, we utilized the β-catenin dependent CTP4-promoter to restrict the expression of Firefly Luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent fusion protein (EGFPLuc) to cell lines with deregulated wnt signaling including SW480, LS174T, HepG2, Coga2 and Coga12. (uni-muenchen.de)
Expression analysis of mutant XY gonads at the same stage also reveals a dramatic reduction in Sox9 and, crucially, Sry at the transcript and protein levels. (plos.org)
Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)

The TERT gene encodes the catalytic sub-unit of telomerase, which polymerizes telomeric DNA. (uab.edu)
Zinc, a strong Lewis acid (an electron-pair acceptor), is a catalytic component of over 300 enzymes and plays critical structural roles in many proteins, for example in zinc fingers. (biomedcentral.com)
Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)

In posttranscriptional regulation, stabilization of NKG2D ligand mRNA plays a key role. (wikipedia.org)

Enzymes in this group unwind double helix RNA and DNA. (medscape.com)

The DNA repair protein O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) plays an important role in cellular resistance to alkylating agents. (aacrjournals.org)
A cellular DNA-repair protein, namely O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein, reverses alkylation at the O 6 position of guanine, thereby inhibiting the lethal cross-linking and bringing about resistance to alkylating agents ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Binding to dsRNA by these proteins may result in initiation of helicase activity, concomitant with a conformational change that leads to recruiting additional cellular factors, including the recently identified IPS-1/MAVS protein ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
As a result, different cellular kinases, including the IRF3 kinases TBK1 and IKKε, become activated. (cdc.gov)
The small protein ubiquitin plays a vital role in virtually all aspects of cellular life. (intechopen.com)

For example AUF1 protein, which mediates RNA degradation, constitutively targets mRNA of NKG2D ligands. (wikipedia.org)

However, the fusion protein does not require ligand binding to be activated. (medlineplus.gov)

Genotoxic stress, stalled DNA replication, poorly regulated cell proliferation in tumorigenesis, viral replication or some viral products activate the ATM and ATR kinases. (wikipedia.org)
Replication protein A (RPA) coats ssDNA formed during DNA replication and DNA repair which facilitates the localization of ATR kinase to sites of DNA damage. (wustl.edu)
The collective outcome of these events is initiation of intra-S phase and G2 checkpoints in response to DNA damage or replication stress and maintenance of chromatin integrity during repair of damaged DNA, prior to entry into mitosis. (wustl.edu)
The protein is likely to be involved in the response to DNA damage during replication, as well as in the replication and transcription processes. (medscape.com)
WS have been classified is a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases implicated in the resolution of DNA structures leading to the stall of replication forks. (medscape.com)

The Pol II activator cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) was similarly enriched across IGSs (Extended Data Fig. 1g ). (nature.com)
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
In addition, Cyclin and CKI proteins are controlled at the level of their destruction. (intechopen.com)

ATR phosphorylates the CHK1 which in turn phosphorylates and activates WEE1. (wustl.edu)

1 Protein Kinases and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Departament De Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular and Institut De Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. (nih.gov)

E7 from human papil omavirus type 16 cooperate to cancer: the European prospective investigation into doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp321 PMID:20047954 target the PDZ protein Na/H exchange regulatory cancer and nutrition study. (who.int)

Also, the regulation of NKG2D ligands after cell stress, proliferation signals, infection or oxidative stress is able to activate a DNA damage response (DDR). (wikipedia.org)

IFNα/β induction is also stimulated by the presence of viral RNA and DNA in the endosome through the action of TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, or TLR9 ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)

Studying RNR2' s regulatory elements, he found those that were necessary to induce the production of higher protein levels in response to DNA damage and identified factors that bind these DNA elements to mediate the response of RNR2 to DNA damage. (the-scientist.com)

Among the established custom DNA binding domains, Cas9 is most easily scaled to facilitate genome-scale perturbations 3 , 4 due to its simplicity of programming relative to zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). (cdc.gov)

It involves located that the liver cathepsine transcription 2( SH2 Smart-Growth) of PLC-gamma and of regulatory presenting complexes( mammalian as Negotiating decay and compartment Reversible fibronectin) organize their mRNA toward telomeric differentiation transporters of the FGFR. (erik-mill.de)

p53 is regulated by human double minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets and binds to p53 promoting ubiquitination and degradation of the protein [6,7]. (nanoker-society.org)

In mice, proteins from orthologous RAET1/ULBP family fall into three subfamilies: Rae-1, H60, and MULT-1. (wikipedia.org)
This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNA and protein levels were much higher in the ocular tissues of Tyrp-1-TAg mice than in control ocular tissues from wild-type mice. (molvis.org)

He mentioned this to David Stillman , who was at Stanford to interview for a faculty position, and who studied cell cycle regulation of proteins as a postdoc in Kim Nasmyth 's lab at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in the U.K. Stillman pointed out that ribonucleotide reductase was cell cycle regulated-rather than remaining stable, the RNA and protein levels fluctuate throughout the cell cycle. (the-scientist.com)

Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen triggers the dissociation of GRP78 from its quiescent UPR mediators. (molvis.org)

The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)

This is the first time that UPR markers are reported to change in human blood in response to any drug treatment, supporting their use as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for compounds that activate ER stress in humans. (nih.gov)
The regulatory activities of this viral protein play a major role in the pathogenicity of influenza virus and appear partially responsible for the ability of influenza viruses to infect multiple animal species, which likely contributes to the generation of new pandemic viruses in humans. (cdc.gov)

The zinc finger protein tristetraprolin (TTP) is expressed in response to LPS and regulates the stability of TNF-alpha mRNA. (ed.ac.uk)

As a start to designing those gene-targeting tools, Elledge, now a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, began by trying to clone the mammalian homolog of recA , a bacterial gene required for DNA repair via recombination. (the-scientist.com)
Furthermore, pumilio homolog 2 (PUM2), a RNA-binding protein, mediated the packaging of miRNA-130a into exosomes. (dovepress.com)

We provide evidence for the following signaling cascade: HIF-1 is activated rapidly by hypoxia in astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)

These strategies involve rearrangements at the molecular level starting from transcription, regulation of mRNA processing, translation, and protein modification or its turnover. (intechopen.com)

In influenza viruses, the nonstructural protein 1 inhibits the interferon-mediated antiviral response. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy18

Organisms9

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs165

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

MAPK13

Mitogen-Activat2

Phosphorylation11

Genes15

Tyrosine5

Pathway10

Activation of extracellular signal1

Inhibitor4

Serine3

PI3K3

Receptor8

Transcription factor1

Subunit1

Synthesis11

Pathways6

Cells28

Extracellular1

Endoplasmic reticulum1

AMPK3

Mutations6

Inhibition1

Ribosomal4

Inhibitors2

Expression16

Catalytic3

Stabilization1

Enzymes1

Cellular5

Mediates1

Ligand1

Replication5

Cyclin4

Chk11

Signal Transduction1

PMID1

Proliferation1

Induction1

Response to DNA damage1

Genome1

Telomeric1

Binds1

Mice3

Molecular Biology1

Accumulation1

Mutant1

Humans2

Zinc finger1

Homolog2

Signaling cascade1

Turnover1

Inhibits1