• In his best known work, American Indian Liberation, Tinker argues that, "The intellectual and religious realms have been crucial to colonial political and economic domination of indigenous peoples. (wikipedia.org)
  • If you really really really just gotta talk about the indigenous people of America as a collective, choose one term and stick with it throughout any paper, article, or presentation. (rationalwiki.org)
  • This 2001 article from the Cultural Survival Quarterly notes "that of the more than two million people who identify themselves as American Indians in the United States, only 361, 978 still speak one of the remaining 154 indigenous languages, and many of those are only spoken by the very old. (ou.edu)
  • The climate justice movement is coming to an understanding that treaties must be upheld and extended, as demanded by Indigenous Nations, based on their traditional territories. (newpol.org)
  • I will do my best to use actual Indigenous Nation names such as the Lakota/Dakota/Nakota (Oceti Sakowin) or Ojibwe (Anishinaabe) or the Dine (Navajo) but will also use the words "Indigenous," "Native," "Native American," "American Indian," and "Indian" when appropriate, such as in quotations. (newpol.org)
  • Among Indigenous people, the common name for the continent of North America-and the one I will use accordingly-is Turtle Island. (newpol.org)
  • That was the goal of independence, with both the seasoned Indian killers of the Revolutionary Army and white settler-rangers/militias using extreme violence against Indigenous noncombatants with the goal of total domination. (monthlyreview.org)
  • In the course of that war, Anglo-American settlers intensified their use of counterinsurgent violence, which the Anglo settler elite dubbed "savage wars," against Indigenous peoples' resistance to their incursions into the territories of the Ottawa, Miami, Kickapoo, and the confederations identified with Pontiac's leadership of the Great Lakes region, spreading to the Illinois and Ohio countries. (monthlyreview.org)
  • Through a comparative analysis, the duality that characterises Pico's verse will be highlighted, and will place him in a tradition of indigenous poets who demonstrate that duality is a defining feature of Native American poetry. (lu.se)
  • In academic writing about Native American literature, one will find a variety of nomenclature to describe America's indigenous. (lu.se)
  • Early feminists and Marxists, among others, used the Iroquois as a counterpoint to what they described as European-bred oppressiveness at a time when mainstream America was preoccupied with westward expansion. (ratical.org)
  • The Declaration of Independence of 1776 symbolizes the beginning of the "Indian Wars" and "westward movement" that continued across the continent for another century of unrelenting U.S. wars of conquest. (monthlyreview.org)
  • This use of the term "Indian" originates from Christopher Columbus 's belief on reaching the Caribbean islands in 1492 that he had instead reached Asia , which was referred to as India at the time (specifically, he believed the island of Hispaniola was "Cipangu" or Japan ). (rationalwiki.org)
  • America when Christopher Columbus mistakenly believed he had landed ashore in India. (lu.se)
  • He believes that Native American Christians need to separate themselves from the colonial thinking of European settlers but draw from Native American spirituality and its emphases on space, nature, and community. (wikipedia.org)
  • He developed this further in the co-authored book Native American Theology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Missionary Conquest: The Gospel and Native American Cultural Genocide (1993) Spirit and Resistance: Political Theology and American Indian Liberation (2004) American Indian Liberation: A Theology of Sovereignty (2008) co-editor of Native Voices: American Indian Identity and Resistance (2003) ARTICLES: 1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Native Americans are the peoples who live in North, Central, and South America, and are the descendants of those who lived there before the European invasions commencing in the late fifteenth century. (rationalwiki.org)
  • Certain circumpolar peoples are sometimes excluded from the definition of Native Americans. (rationalwiki.org)
  • Most Hispanic peoples in the Americas have some Native American ancestry, as do smaller numbers of whites and blacks. (rationalwiki.org)
  • Somewhat larger numbers of whites and blacks will claim Native American ancestry out of embarrassment for what is really, respectively, black or white ancestry. (rationalwiki.org)
  • Also it's not technically a distinction anyway, since anyone born on this continent is also technically a native American (note the lower-case "n" in native). (rationalwiki.org)
  • Some "Native Americans" have rejected this term, in favor of the first incorrect term, "Indian", in a move to say, "You gave it to us once, now you want to change it again. (rationalwiki.org)
  • The term Native American has, rightly or wrongly, been associated with other politically correct language and euphemisms. (rationalwiki.org)
  • As a reference to people who are native to the continent of America the term "native American" is clearly an absolutely correct term. (rationalwiki.org)
  • However, as the name "American" is used in some languages to refer solely to the citizens of the United States, some have suggested the use of other terms such as Native Canadian and, presumably, Native Mexican , Native Argentinian or whatever. (rationalwiki.org)
  • Some people like to say "If you were born here, you are a native American", thus devaluing the usage of a people who say "yeah? (rationalwiki.org)
  • Muddying the water still further, recent archaeological evidence suggests that the peoples known today as American Indians or Native Americans were actually the second wave of settlers who crossed the land bridge into North America during the last Ice Age. (rationalwiki.org)
  • Knowledge of Iroquois and other native American societies and their political organizations would appeal to architects of European and American social and political movements much as they had helped shape the ideals of some of the United States' most influential founders. (ratical.org)
  • As a result of his travels in Iroquois country, Clinton concluded that Native Americans have "all the indications of an incipient civilization. (ratical.org)
  • This National Congress of American Indians website offers a downloadable PDF of the passed resolution (ABQ-10-021), for Native American Language Revitalization in 2010. (ou.edu)
  • The irony gets pretty thick if you remember - unlike Jindal - that English is the native language not of America, but of England. (c4ss.org)
  • The Anglo-American settlers' violent break from Britain in the late eighteenth century paralleled their search-and-destroy annihilation of Delaware, Cherokee, Muskogee, Seneca, Mohawk, Shawnee, and Miami, during which they slaughtered families without distinction of age or gender, and expanded the boundaries of the thirteen colonies into unceded Native territories. (monthlyreview.org)
  • the eastern half of the continent was "ethnically cleansed" of Native nations by 1850, through forced relocation to "Indian Territory" west of the Mississippi. (monthlyreview.org)
  • The program of expansion and the wars against Native American civilization and the agricultural societies of the vast valley of the Ohio River and the Great Lakes region began before the Declaration with the French and Indian War of 1754-63, which was the North American extension of the Seven Years' War between France and Britain in Europe. (monthlyreview.org)
  • Through the use of several analytic methods and postcolonial theories, this thesis will analyse representations of language, place, and identity, and argue that they are constructed in the border between Native American and American consciousness. (lu.se)
  • Firstly, Tommy Pico's Nature Poem will be read alongside a selection of Native American poets. (lu.se)
  • Long Soldier's work demonstrates the complicated relationship between Native American poets and the English language, utilising linguistic and poetic methods to disrupt the hierarchical power of English in public discourse. (lu.se)
  • The variety of terms and lack of consensus in Native American literary studies does highlight the reality that this nomenclature is a postcolonial issue. (lu.se)
  • However, the diversity of Native American poets is considered in the literature. (lu.se)
  • As the poet Heid E. Erdrich (Ojibwe) wrote, "there is no such thing as Native American poetry. (lu.se)
  • For continuity, in this thesis the term Native American will be used. (lu.se)
  • The history of Native Americans after the arrival of the pilgrims in 1620 is one of disenfranchisement, genocide, and forced migration. (lu.se)
  • Treaty violation, however, does not nullify their legality, and Native American tribes to this day still live under the laws and restrictions that have controlled their sovereignty for hundreds of years. (lu.se)
  • In 2009, the United States Federal Government issued an "acknowledgement and apology," acknowledging a "long history of official depredations and ill-conceived policies" in its dealings with Native Americans (Congress.gov). (lu.se)
  • The publication of a text so carefully constructed with legally non-binding terms and saturated with use of the passive voice was, to many Native Americans, unsurprising in the context of dealings between Native American tribes and the Federal Government. (lu.se)
  • In the 20th century, colonial Europe and America imposed the Westphalian nation-state as the official model for international law on a global level. (c4ss.org)
  • The iconic colonial protest slogan "taxation without representation is tyranny" marked the surge of rebellion against British control, but it did not tell the whole story, considering what the tax was for: to pay the cost of housing, feeding, and transporting soldiers to contain and suppress the colonies from expanding further into Indian territory. (monthlyreview.org)
  • for the Minnesota Society of the Colonial Dames of America. (upenn.edu)
  • Gerald Vizenor describes the word Indian as "a colonial enactment, not a loan word, [whose] dominance is sustained by the simulation that has superseded the real tribal names" (11). (lu.se)
  • 2 What "humanity" demanded then was not that tribes be treated, as far as possible, according to the law of nations but that Indians be treated as subjects in need of guidance to fully incorporate into the American mainstream. (wm.edu)
  • 6. "Occupation in north America: States, Rule of Law, Language, and Indians," in Resisting Occupation: A Global Struggle for Liberation, ed. by Mitri Raheb and Miguel A. de la Torre (Lexington Books, Fortress Academic, 2022), 175-193. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Quit India Movement , also known as the Bharat Chhodo Andolan , was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 9 August 1942, during World War II , demanding an end to British rule in India . (wikipedia.org)
  • After the British failed to secure Indian support for the British war effort with Cripps Mission , Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India speech delivered in Bombay on 9 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan . (wikipedia.org)
  • The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council , of the All India Muslim League , the Hindu Mahasabha , the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police , the British Indian Army , and the Indian Civil Service . (wikipedia.org)
  • Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support the Quit India Movement. (wikipedia.org)
  • [8] In 1992, the Reserve Bank of India issued a 1 rupee commemorative coin to mark the Golden Jubilee of the Quit India Movement. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1939, Indian nationalists were angry that British Governor-General of India , Lord Linlithgow , brought India into the war without consultation with them. (wikipedia.org)
  • If Great Britain fights for the maintenance and expansion of democracy, then she must necessarily end imperialism in her possessions and establish full democracy in India, and the Indian people have the right to self-determination. (wikipedia.org)
  • If we wanted to be Indians, we would have stayed in India" ( The Hindu , January 16). (c4ss.org)
  • Gandhi had not supported this initiative, as he could not reconcile an endorsement for war (he was a committed believer in non-violent resistance, used in the Indian Independence Movement and proposed even against Adolf Hitler , Benito Mussolini , and Hideki Tojo ). (wikipedia.org)
  • A fter ratification of the United States Constitution, the political ideas of the Iroquois and their influence on the American mind persisted for most of the nineteenth century. (ratical.org)
  • Often, the Iroquois League's ideas were welded to the Classical imagery that was so evident in the first decades of the American Federal period. (ratical.org)
  • In 1778 the true brutal nature of the American Revolution was revealed when Iroquois warriors and Loyalist rangers attacked the Patriot settlement of Wyoming. (podbean.com)
  • George E. "Tink" Tinker is an American Indian scholar of the Osage Nation who taught for more than three decades at the Iliff School of Theology, a United Methodist Church theological school, where he focused his scholarship on the decolonization of American Indian Peoples. (wikipedia.org)
  • Civilization began to recede, and movements of tribes such as the Cimbri and Teutons began to take place. (bethelcog.org)
  • Although such fantasies are commonplace in Indian history, in this case the statement signaled a shift in federal Indian law and policy, heralding a move from viewing Indian tribes as sovereign governments to viewing them as collections of individuals bound together by ethnicity. (wm.edu)
  • [4] References such as this helped America to develop an identity distinct from the British parliamentary tradition. (ratical.org)
  • For 25 years he served pro bono as the director and spiritual leader of Four Winds American Indian Council. (wikipedia.org)
  • He is also on the leadership council of the American Indian Movement of Colorado and continues to serve on the elders council of the Four Winds American Indian Council. (wikipedia.org)
  • This movement was tied to such diverse factors as the bureaucratic centralization of the Indian Department, the emergence of the science of ethnology, and the debates over American identity in the face of increasing immigration to the United States and international conflicts over the North American continent. (wm.edu)
  • But by July of 1810, Clinton began to witness a thriving Indian economy with people drying fish, making wampum and raising children. (ratical.org)
  • The dominant culture of America descends from people who came to this continent adamantly set on remaining, not English-Americans, but English. (c4ss.org)
  • As Federal troops struggled to maintain order in the South and defend the rights of freed African-Americans, labor uprising swept across the North and West. (podbean.com)
  • And, psst - I hear there are some American occupation troops, and corporate personnel extracting other countries' resources, who don't learn the local languages either! (c4ss.org)
  • Tinker is the Clifford Baldridge Emeritus Professor of American Indian Cultures and Religious Traditions at the Iliff School of Theology in Denver, Colorado, where he taught from 1985 until 2017. (wikipedia.org)
  • These settlements were abandoned and completely forgotten, disappearing from history until the discovery of America by Columbus (Menzel, 273). (bethelcog.org)
  • In 1846, in United States v. Rogers, the Supreme Court blithely announced the above vision of the history of Indian-United States relations. (wm.edu)
  • As even the most casual student of American Indian history knows, this vision was more fantasy than reality, more desire than description. (wm.edu)
  • It was instead the product of a growing movement to increase federal power to regulate Indian lives. (wm.edu)
  • And that language, in the most extreme forms, was the official dialect (BBC Standard or American Network Standard English, Standard High German, Ile-de-France French, Standard Castilian, etc. (c4ss.org)
  • He has also presented in forums across the continent and around the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • Long before the first European ship dropped anchor off the shores of the New World, the western continent was the home of the American Indians. (moderjord.org)
  • He opposed the bigotry and dogmatism and the hateful orthodoxy of the caste system with more success than any Indian since Gautama Buddha. (travel-impact-newswire.com)
  • The success of this vision in the Supreme Court was fueled by distortions of law and fact ranging from mischaracterization of the role of white men in Indian country to the fact that the case was moot at the time it was decided. (wm.edu)
  • Every place the explorers went, they met Indians in hunting parties, farming towns, fishing villages, and further to the south, in cities with multi-storied dwellings and fantastic pyramids. (moderjord.org)
  • An NDN person in occupied America": Tommy Pico and Place. (lu.se)
  • Most respondents were either Black/African American (26), White (25) or MENA (23). (cdc.gov)
  • [1] Others say the term "Indian" is both inaccurate and confusing. (rationalwiki.org)
  • There was not a section of land unknown to some Indian tribe, and there was nowhere, from the slowly shifting arctic ice shelves to the blowing sand dunes of the Colorado Desert, where they did not go. (moderjord.org)
  • Almost the entire leadership of the Indian National Congress was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. (wikipedia.org)
  • The resolution was published in the 2010 Defense Appropriations Act, receiving very little acknowledgement in the American press. (lu.se)
  • The movement included boycotting the British government and rejection of transactions involving the government. (wikipedia.org)
  • New Podcast for Brady: Tune into Dispatches: The Podcast of the Journal of the American Revolution! (podbean.com)
  • Indians still symbolized republican virtue and freedom in the early republic as they had at the Boston Tea Party. (ratical.org)
  • The movement ended in 1945 with the release of jailed freedom fighters. (wikipedia.org)
  • Martyrs of this freedom movement include Mukunda Kakati , Matangini Hazra , Kanaklata Barua , Kushal Konwar , Bhogeswari Phukanani and others. (wikipedia.org)
  • He spent years in jail for the national cause, and once he helped conduct the prosecution against himself after violence occurred in a civil-disobedience movement. (travel-impact-newswire.com)
  • Considered part of the "Red Scare," a massive uptick in labor violence saw cities across the north burn, Pittsburgh worst of all. (podbean.com)
  • The bloodshed and violence at the Wyoming Valley remains one of the most terrible moment of the American Revolution. (podbean.com)
  • In the far north, where humans must face the constant threat of starvation, where life is reduced to the bare essentials-it turns out that one of these essentials is art. (wikiquote.org)
  • Peter Farb ( 25 July 1925 - 8 April 1980 ) was an American author , anthropologist , linguist , ecologist , naturalist and spokesman for conservation, and free lance writer for 30 years in the areas of the natural and human sciences. (wikiquote.org)
  • The major outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands. (wikipedia.org)