Mouse somatic cell somatic adult mammalian cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to produce many different types of cells. (asu.edu)
They called the pluripotent stem cells that they produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) because they had induced the adult cells, called differentiated cells, to become pluripotent stem cells through genetic manipulation. (asu.edu)
After these experiments with somatic cells, Takahashi and Yamanaka hypothesized that there were common factors, genes in particular, which caused somatic cells to become pluripotent stem cells. (asu.edu)
Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we summarize current reprogramming methodologies with a focus on the production of transgene-free or genetically unmanipulated iPSCs and highlight important technical details that ultimately may influence the biological properties of pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
Takahashi and Yamananka (2006) found that under certain conditions terminally differentiated cells can be re-programmed into pluripotent stem cells. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that Sirt6 is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and also it regulates the efficiency of somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, the authors also review future strategies in DN treatment such as transcriptional reprogramming of mature adult kidney cells into uncommitted induced pluripotent stem cells for renal repair and therapeutics. (emjreviews.com)

The first mouse born was named Cumulina, after the cumulus cells whose nuclei were used to clone her. (wikipedia.org)
The Dolly experiment showed that scientists could reprogram the nucleus of somatic cells by transferring the contents of the nucleus into oocytes that have had their nuclei removed, a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (asu.edu)
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. (springer.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. (springer.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei transplanted from keratinized skin cells of adult frogs. (springer.com)
Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs' eggs. (springer.com)
In addition, Nanos1B protein was predominantly located in the nuclei of male germinal cells. (nature.com)
These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations suggest that further studies on nuclear reprogramming are needed in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of reprogramming and significantly improve the ability of the differentiated somatic nuclei to be reprogrammed. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, GATA4 was also recognized in the nuclei of mouse and human being granulosa and thecal cells [23, 24]. (ap26113.com)
Furthermore, the nuclei of 90C95% granulosa cells of porcine MK-1775 manufacturer primordial, unilaminar, multilaminar, and antral follicles of different sizes stain positive for GATA4 [25]. (ap26113.com)

In mice, the suppression of Nanos3 expression in PGC resulted in the complete loss of germ cells in both sexes 9 . (nature.com)
However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
We have gained crucial insights into molecular factors and pathways of the cells generating either the supporting gonadal cells or germ cells of both sexes. (lidsen.com)
An error during these developmental steps in females may lead to defective gonads, affecting the differentiation and/or function of the gonads and the development, differentiation, and maturity of the germ cells. (lidsen.com)
We also molecularly defined the development of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells during the perinatal period, allowing us to identify candidate signaling pathways acting between somatic and germ cells in a stage-specific manner during the perinatal period. (biologists.com)
Based on these reports, it seems that germ and stem cell markers are expressed in cultured germ cells of domestic animals. (ap26113.com)
4 It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and homeostasis of several cell lines including melanocytic (pigment), hematologic (blood), mast, and germ cells. (creation.com)

Establishment of germ-line-competent embryonic stem (ES) cells using differentiation inhibiting activity. (springer.com)
Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
Once spermatogonia enter the "differentiation" pathway, they become known as A1 spermatogonia in the mouse and A- pale spermatogonia in humans and begin a series of irreversible differentiation steps leading to meiosis and spermiogenesis ( 1 ) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
[1] is the differentiation of the ovum (egg cell) into a cell competent to further develop when fertilized. (wikipedia.org)
reported that GATA4 MK-1775 manufacturer localizes towards the coelomic epithelium of gonads also to the Sertoli and follicle cells before and after sex differentiation, [26] respectively. (ap26113.com)
It has been reported that Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases, is involved in embryonic stem cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
OP9 feeder cell co-culture system was used to measure the hematopoietic differentiation from mouse ES and iPS cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we showed that Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line has intrinsically a differentiation defect even though the establishment of normal self-renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
To further understand the epigenetic regulators for specific lineage differentiation from iPS cell would have great significance for potential regeneration therapy and human disease modeling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sirt1, the mouse homologue of yeast Sir2 deacetylates several non-histone proteins and plays roles in many key functions, including energy metabolism, differentiation, aging, and tumor suppression [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
During the preparation of our manuscript, another group reported that Sirt6 knockout ES cells skewed towards neuroectoderm differentiation [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
But the exact role of Sirt6 in mouse somatic reprogramming and iPS cell differentiation remains unrevealed. (biomedcentral.com)
The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)

This work led to in vitro fertilization of eggs of humans and other mammalian species. (wikipedia.org)
However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. (biomedcentral.com)
Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
The heterogeneity and multigenetic nature of nervous system aging make modeling of it a formidable task in mammalian species. (biomedcentral.com)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Distinct and conserved prominin-1/CD133-positive retinal cell populations identified across species. (biodip.de)
One locus important in embryogenesis, KIT , has been associated with white coat patterns in several mammalian species and piebaldism in humans. (creation.com)
In mice, MDSC can be identified by species-specific cell surface markers (CD11b + Gr-1 + ) and may be further classified as monocytic (M-MDSC, Ly-6C hi ) or granulocytic (G-MDSC, Ly-6G + ) based on additional cell surface markers [ 6 ]. (iospress.com)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)

Although exciting results have been achieved by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and culture-induced reprogramming [ 1 ], these procedures are technically demanding and inefficient and therefore unlikely to become a common approach for producing patient-specific pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
Interestingly, prominin-1 transcripts--except for the axolotl--were not strictly restricted to the outer nuclear layer (i.e., photoreceptor cells), but they also marked distinct subdivisions of the inner nuclear layer (INL). (biodip.de)
However, whether and how other sirtuins, especially nuclear epigenetic regulator Sirt6, regulate mouse somatic reprogramming still remains exclusive. (biomedcentral.com)
Promoter CpG methylation patterns of three imprinting genes, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN), paternally expressed 3 (Peg3), and potassium voltage-gated channel 1 overlapping transcript 1 (Kcnq1ot1), were examined from genomic DNA of a single mouse blastocyst. (ndltd.org)
체세포 핵 치환 (Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)은 난자 의 핵 을 제거한 후에, 체세포 의 핵을 이식하여 복제 를 하는 기술을 말한다. (wikipedia.org)

Yamanaka claimed that Gurdon's work in reprogramming mature cells in frogs ( Xenopus ) in 1962 influenced his own work in reprogramming differentiated cells. (asu.edu)
Recent breakthroughs in reprogramming differentiated cells loops. (lu.se)

They used retroviruses to insert each of the twenty-four genes into the chromosomes of differentiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (asu.edu)
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from transgenic Oct4-GFP reporter mice with or without Sirt6 were used for reprogramming by Yamanaka factors. (biomedcentral.com)
mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and human being fibroblast (BJ) cells and that, in SW-13 and HeLa tumor cells, TERT overexpression hyperactivated a Wnt signaling media reporter in a BRG1-reliant way (13). (insulin-receptor.info)

A diffusion barrier regulates the sorting of damaged proteins during cell division. (uzh.ch)

There are several major differences that distinguish C. elegans neurons from their mammalian counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)
First, C. elegans neurons are small (5-10 μm of their soma size), and most of them do not have accompanying glial cells [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sensory neurons of the amphid and phasmid, which are C. elegans sensory organs in the head and in the tail, respectively, are associated with glial cells but do not have myelination around their processes [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To understand the molecular-genetic basis of functional specialization and identify potential drug targets specific to each neuron subtype, we performed a genome wide assessment of both gene expression and splicing across EXC, PV, SST and VIP neurons from male and female mouse brains. (jneurosci.org)
We sorted excitatory neurons and key inhibitory neuron subtypes from mouse brains and assessed differential mRNA expression. (jneurosci.org)
Neural stem cells generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian brain. (uzh.ch)

Mammalian oocytes are maintained in meiotic prophase arrest for a very long time-months in mice, years in humans. (wikipedia.org)

Several experimental strategies have been developed to derive iPSCs from differentiated somatic cells (summarized in Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Like embryonic stem cells, these iPSCs have the ability to differentiate and become virtually any tissue. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)

We then discuss genetic pathways that modulate the speed of neuronal aging concordant with alteration in life span, such as insulin signaling, as well as cell-autonomous factors that promote neuronal integrity during senescence, including membrane activity and JNK/MAPK signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
In spite of these differences in life span, however, genes or signaling pathways that influence aging of C. elegans or the replicative span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) have been shown to be critical for longevity control in fly and in mice [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammalian laboratory animals share similar developmental pathways and most organs with humans, making toxicity testing in mammals the current gold standard in toxicology. (thetechnoant.info)

Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
Also, although there were only two humans, Eve may have carried alleles in her egg cells that differed from those in her body. (creation.com)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
The empirical difference between programed and nonprogramed senescence becomes evident when comparing the stereotypical steps leading to death in salmon contrasted with the lack of such stereotypy in most organisms such as humans and mice. (fightaging.org)

The stem cell field witnessed a genuine breakthrough when a combination of solely four transcription factors ( Oct3 / 4 , Sox2 , Klf4 and c-Myc, OSKM ) proved enough to revert, in vitro, the differentiated status of a variety of cell types back to pluripotency, giving rise to so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (springer.com)
It has been reported that Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2, often used as stem cell markers, function cooperatively in the regulatory network of self-renewal and pluripotency [16]. (ap26113.com)
As Kime explains, "over seven years ago, our reprogramming experiments suggested that we had found a way to increase cell potency beyond pluripotency, which was unlikely and had not been seen before. (sciencedaily.com)
Particularly, by performing transcriptome analysis, we observed that several pluripotent transcriptional factors increase in knockout cell line, which explains the underlying loss of pluripotency in Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state through four defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Background: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. (lu.se)

A chimera instead contains discrete cell populations with two unique sets of parental genes. (asu.edu)
In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka selected twenty-four candidate genes as factors that they hypothesized could possibly induce somatic cells to become pluripotent, and they began to test them one at a time. (asu.edu)
If one of the infected cells showed G418 resistance, then the scientists would know that one of the twenty-four genes influenced the cell to become an embryonic stem cell-like cell. (asu.edu)
After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.com)
Activation of muscle-specific genes in pigment, nerve, fat, liver, and fibroblast cell lines by forced expression of MyoD. (springer.com)
Taken together, these data identify Nanos as primordial genes with highly conserved functions for both, the migration of the germinal cells and their maintenance in adults. (nature.com)
Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
In this study, we maintained mesenchymal-like MUCs in adherent cultures to test new methods that were able to guide MUCs to buy SB-649868 become a number of epithelial cells expressing epithelial genes such as in MUCs. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
They found that many genes related to the outer/inner cell fates of blastocysts were present in the induced structures, but at lower than natural levels, indicating that the new technique does not perfectly reproduce blastocysts. (sciencedaily.com)
RNA sequencing was measured to identify the differential expressed genes due to loss of Sirt6 in somatic and pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Other genes affecting coloration are involved in pigment production or development (i.e. regulating the development and migration of pigment cells during embryogenesis). (creation.com)
While embryo supply is scarce and conventional epigenetic studies require embryos in vast amount, an assay was developed in this study to examine the methylation statuses of imprinting genes using DNA from single mouse blastocysts cultured in-vitro or exposed to EDs. (ndltd.org)
After epidermal injury, barrier repair requires activation of many wound response genes in epidermal cells surrounding wound sites. (sdbonline.org)

Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we studied the development of ProSG, their SG descendants and testicular somatic cells during the perinatal period in mice. (biologists.com)
also recognized in the cells of neonatal testes and total testicular cells, and that the manifestation of GATA4 was decreased in used older feeder cells. (ap26113.com)
It takes on an intrinsic role in the introduction of MK-1775 manufacturer testicular steroidogenic cells [22]. (ap26113.com)

In 1997, his laboratory at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa successfully cloned mice using the Honolulu technique. (wikipedia.org)
In a cytogenicity study in mammalian cells, conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 473 and in compliance with GLP, the analogous substance dichloro(3-chloropropyl)methylsilane (CAS 7787-93-1) was negative in Chinese hamster fibroblast cells (Hüls AG, 1997, Reliability Score 1). (europa.eu)
Bischofberger J, Jonas P (1997) Action potential propagation into the presynaptic dendrites of rat mitral cells. (yale.edu)
Chen WR, Midtgaard J, Shepherd GM (1997) Forward and backward propagation of dendritic impulses and their synaptic control in mitral cells. (yale.edu)
Chen WR, Shepherd GM (1997) Membrane and synaptic properties of mitral cells in slices of rat olfactory bulb. (yale.edu)

Nanos are RNA-binding proteins playing crucial roles in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
The Nanos proteins family regroups highly conserved RNA-binding proteins in higher eukaryotes implicated in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
Initially the arrest is due to lack of sufficient cell cycle proteins to allow meiotic progression. (wikipedia.org)
[7] The cells that comprise the follicle, known as granulosa cells, are connected to each other by proteins known as gap junctions, that allow small molecules to pass between the cells. (wikipedia.org)
In this fashion, mice or other laboratory animals that exhibit particular traits can be created for specialized studies, or herds of farm animals (such as goats, sheep or cows) can be created that produce pharmaceutically useful proteins in their milk. (who.int)
Telomerase maintains telomeres canonically, but latest reviews possess suggested that the primary proteins mammalian telomerase change transcriptase (TERT) element, together with the chromatin remodeling element BRG1 and -catenin, might also situation to and promote appearance of Wnt focus on genetics. (insulin-receptor.info)
The barrier prevents retention of damaged proteins in the stem cell daughter cell keeping the stem cells relatively clean. (uzh.ch)
This could be one of the mechanisms responsible for the reduced regeneration capacity in the aged brain as stem cells that retain larger amounts of damaged proteins require longer for the next cell division. (uzh.ch)

These total outcomes claim that GATA4-positive cells MK-1775 manufacturer support GDC development in two-dimensional tradition which, during tradition with GDCs, the GATA4-expressing FFCs most likely are likely involved similar compared to that of somatic cells in the testessupporting germ cell development and proliferation. (ap26113.com)
Bae KM, Wang H, Jiang G, Chen MG, Lu L, Xiao L. Protein kinase C epsilon is overexpressed in primary human non-small cell lung cancers and functionally required for proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells in a p21/Cip1-dependent manner. (famri.org)
Each cell is programmed for a certain number of cell divisions and at the end of that time proliferation halts. (lookformedical.com)
G-MDSC are also referred to as polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC, which differ from conventional neutrophils via expression of lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), which inhibits T cell proliferation [ 7, 8 ]. (iospress.com)
In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)

He was one of few who began to study the process and mechanisms of mammalian fertilization using in vitro fertilization technique. (wikipedia.org)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
In the last four decades, transgenic and knockout mouse models have helped to understand the mechanisms of mammalian sex determination, germ cell development, and adult gonad functions. (lidsen.com)
In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms of ovarian sex determination and on understanding mutual cross-talks between central molecules in sex development which might impact fertility later in adult life. (lidsen.com)
Cells have various mechanisms to restore length (TELOMERE HOMEOSTASIS. (lookformedical.com)
This review considers the genetic and epigenetic control of nephrogenesis, together with the epigenetic mechanisms that accompany kidney development and recent advances in induced reprogramming and kidney cell regeneration in the context of DN. (emjreviews.com)

Mouse utricle sensory epithelial cellCderived progenitor cells (MUCs), which possess locks cell progenitor and mesenchymal features via epithelial-to-mesenchymal changeover (EMT) seeing that previously described, provide a potential strategy for locks cell regeneration via cell transplantation. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
In the auditory system, we have generated mouse utricle sensory epithelial cellCderived progenitor cells (MUCs) via EMT (Zhang and Hu, 2012). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Taken together our data indicate that in addition to conserved expression of prominin-1 in photoreceptors, significant prominin-1-expressing non-photoreceptor retinal cell populations are present in the vertebrate eye that might represent potential sources of stem/progenitor cells for regenerative therapies. (biodip.de)

We found that adult mouse utricle sensory epithelial cells underwent EMT to become MUCs that were able to propagate in adherent cultures, express mesenchymal markers, and lose the expression of epithelial markers. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Isoforms of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) have distinct effects on mammary epithelial cells. (famri.org)
Bile acid treatment also increased the expression of KLF5, CDX2, MUC2 and villin in esophageal epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF5 blocked the expression of CDX2, MUC2 and villin, but transfection of a KLF5 expression vector into esophageal epithelial cells promoted their transdifferentiation into columnar-like cells, as demonstrated by increased expression of the intestinal markers CDX2, MUC2 and villin. (jcancer.org)

NANOS2 has also been identified as a key stem cell regulator in Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC) of mature individuals by maintaining the stem cell fate during spermatogenesis in mice 10 . (nature.com)
Spermatogenesis in adult mammals is highly organized, with the goal being continual sperm production. (jci.org)
It is very clear from these reviews that GATA4 takes on an important part in gonadal somatic cells that get excited about spermatogenesis and oogenesis. (ap26113.com)

Interesting examples of epigenetic modification and reversions have been documented in mice. (creation.com)
Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)

To educate its citizens about research into chimeras made from human and non-human animal cells, the United Kingdom's Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority published the consultation piece Hybrids and Chimeras: A Consultation on the Ethical and Social Implications of Creating Human/Animal Embryos in Research, in 2007. (asu.edu)
The paper "Formation of Genetically Mosaic Mouse Embryos and Early Development of Lethal (t12/t12)-Normal Mosaics," by Beatrice Mintz, describes a technique to fuse two mouse embryos into a single embryo. (asu.edu)
When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult. (asu.edu)
Yamanaka worked to find new ways to acquire embryonic stem cells to avoid the social and ethical controversies surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. (asu.edu)
Martin GR. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. (springer.com)
Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. (springer.com)
The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the genome-wide DNA demethylation is believed to be a hallmark of mammalian embryogenesis, previous study also indicated that the somatic form of dnmt1 ( dnmt1s ) is actually expressed at each stage of pre-implantation embryos and plays a role in the maintenance of DNA imprinting 8 . (nature.com)
In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)
The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
According to Kime, "perhaps our most important finding was that natural molecules found in the early mouse embryo can reprogram cultured cells to become surprisingly similar in function to early embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
When they examined small clusters of cells a few days before they matured into the blastocyst-like structures, they found that the cells contained gene expression for totipotency that are found in two-cell embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
Cells within the precursors resembled embryos at an earlier stage before compaction, which was good evidence that the precursor clusters might include totipotent cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The implanted structures often grew and produced many types of cells that resembled those naturally found in early developing embryos. (sciencedaily.com)

Throughout his career he has made numerous, fundamental contributions to our understanding of mammalian fertilization and to the development of assisted fertilization technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) which are widely used today in human infertility clinics throughout the world. (wikipedia.org)
Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)

Evans MD, Kelley J. US attitudes toward human embryonic stem cell research. (springer.com)
Recently, cell reprogramming technology has been used in stem cell research. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

In latest years, regeneration of locks cells offers produced guaranteeing outcomes (Groves et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. (springer.com)

The so-called "testis" in an adult animal is a receptacle of cells from larval males. (wikipedia.org)
Nanos1A was strongly expressed in brain and also localized in all germ cell types in the polarized testis. (nature.com)
The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
A ) The mammalian testis is composed of seminiferous tubules intertwined so that the "start" and "end" of these tubules are both connected to the rete testis. (jci.org)
B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
GATA4 may be engaged in the function and advancement of the mammalian testis [19]. (ap26113.com)
With this study, we found GATA4-positive cells in testis and TTCs cells. (ap26113.com)

The Wnt path offers been previously demonstrated to upregulate telomerase in mouse mammary tumors and human being cells (17, 18). (insulin-receptor.info)

The development of the gonadal and reproductive tract (uterus and vagina in females, and seminal vesicles, prostate glands, and penis in males) starts around E10.5 in mice, and they are almost completely developed at birth. (lidsen.com)

In spite of that, little information is available regarding its distribution in eyes of non-mammalian vertebrates endowed with high regenerative abilities. (biodip.de)

To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)

In 2004, Yamanaka began working at Kyoto University as a professor, where he studied factors that help an organism fend off retroviruses, which are single-stranded RNA viruses that can incorporate their genetic material into the DNA of a host cell. (asu.edu)
Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. (cellsignal.com)
RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (lookformedical.com)
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations. (lookformedical.com)
Succesful cloning from a cancer cell, succesful cloning from old adult organisms, repeated cloning of old adult organisms without compromising health(that is clones from clones from clones, second and third generation clones), and the like have shown, unless I missed some news, that IMHO it seems no permanent or at least significantly impairing damage at a genetic level seems to be occuring with aging. (fightaging.org)
Even some cancers seem to be unable to significantly do damage that permanently impairs genetic function given the healthy clone obtained out of a cancer cell. (fightaging.org)

This time, there were twenty-two cell colonies that showed a resistance to G418, meaning that there were colonies in which the cells exhibited embryonic stem cell properties. (asu.edu)

Chimeras are organisms that contain two or more genetically distinct cell lines. (asu.edu)
When cells-but not DNA-from two or more genetically distinct individuals combine to form a new individual, the result is called a chimera. (asu.edu)

By artificially expressing Sindbis virus (SINV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) nsP2 in mosquito cells and transgenic mosquitoes, we demonstrated a reduction in both SINV and CHIKV viral replication rates in cells following viral infection as well as reduced infection prevalence, viral titers, and transmission potential in mosquitoes. (bvsalud.org)

The granulosa cells produce a small molecule, cyclic GMP , that diffuses into the oocyte through the gap junctions. (wikipedia.org)
Luteinizing hormone acts on receptors in the outer layers of granulosa cells of the follicle, causing a decrease in cyclic GMP in the granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
[5] Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis to resume. (wikipedia.org)

Scientists of the University of Zurich now identified a novel mechanism of how neural stem cells stay relatively free of aging-induced damage. (uzh.ch)
But they are also a good model for neural stem cells in the mammalian brain. (uzh.ch)
Neural stem cell divisions appear to be much more asymmetric than we had previously anticipated,» states Darcie Moore, postdoc in the group of Sebastian Jessberger and lead author of the study. (uzh.ch)
A mechanism for the segregation of age in mammalian neural stem cells. (uzh.ch)

GATA4 can be an integral regulator of Sertoli cell function in adult mice [21]. (ap26113.com)

Having a reproductive capability around 300 progeny per hermaphrodite adult by personal\fertilization, and a existence cycle of 3 approximately?days, an incredible number of pets could be generated rapidly, & most tests could be completed by one individual in a complete week or less. (thetechnoant.info)

Each gene was inserted near the mouse Fbx15 gene, a gene that embryonic stem cells express during development in mice. (asu.edu)
The newly inserted gene endowed mice with resistance to an antibiotic named G418. (asu.edu)
A role of this gene in Germinal Stem Cells maintenance may be evolutionarily conserved as Nanos2 is specifically expressed both in oogonia and in spermatogonia of adult medaka 11 and in a subpopulation of undifferentiated A spermatogonia in juvenile and spermiating male trout 12 . (nature.com)
Phylogenetic and tissue expression analyses allowed for the identification of SseEF1A1 and SseEF1A2 as the Senegalese sole counterparts of mammalian eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 , respectively, and of Sse42Sp50 as the ortholog of Xenopus laevis and teleost 42Sp50 gene. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified both gene and protein markers for three temporally distinct ProSG cell subsets, including a migratory cell population with a transcriptome distinct from the previously defined T1- and T2-ProSG stages. (biologists.com)
Besides being a marker of various somatic stem cells in mammals, prominin-1 (CD133) plays a role in maintaining the photoreceptor integrity since mutations in the PROM1 gene are linked with retinal degeneration. (biodip.de)
Here, variation in a gene affecting the development and movement of pigment cells, KIT , is examined. (creation.com)
Catenin can after that translocate to the nucleus, where it things with T-cell element/lymphoid booster element (TCF/LEF) transcription elements to promote focus on gene transcription (16). (insulin-receptor.info)

Cells in the two-cell stage are totipotent--they can become any type of cell. (sciencedaily.com)
However, nobody has been able to convert differentiated cells into totipotent cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Totipotency is the highest order of cell potency: one totipotent cell can form the placenta and the body. (sciencedaily.com)

Human esophageal squamous epithelial (HET-1A) cells were treated with bile acid and used in transfection experiments. (jcancer.org)

The study shows that the blastocyst-like structures very closely resemble actual blastocysts, and even induce proper changes in the uterus after being implanted in pseudo-pregnant mice. (sciencedaily.com)

Flow cytometric analysis of COS-7 cells using DNMT1 (D63A6) XP ® Rabbit mAb (PE Conjugate) (solid line) compared to concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP ® Isotype Control (PE Conjugate) #5742 (dashed line). (cellsignal.com)

Activating (gain-of-function) mutations, which are generally somatic and not heritable, have been associated with progression in certain cancers. (creation.com)

Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)

The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
35 It is true that I am excluding here as elsewhere red blood cells which have no nucleus once released into the blood, and sperm or eggs with only 1,500,000,000 bases in them. (globalchange.com)

Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, along with John Gurdon, as their work showed scientists how to reprogram mature cells to become pluripotent. (asu.edu)

Within their article, hereafter "Part-Human Chimeras," the authors offer corrections on "Thinking About the Human Neuron Mouse," a report published in The American Journal of Bioethics in 2007 by Henry Greely, Mildred K. Cho, Linda F. Hogle, and Debra M. Satz, which discussed the debate on the ethics of creating part-human chimeras. (asu.edu)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the basis of functional specialization of neuron subtypes and identifying drug targets for manipulating circuit function requires comprehensive information on cell-type-specific transcriptional profiles. (jneurosci.org)

Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. (springer.com)
Embryonic stem cells (cells isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts) are pluripotent and can become virtually every tissue of the body. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)

As government\sponsored efforts to improve toxicity screening and predictive toxicology progress (Tice and non\mammalian small animal model\based assays together has the potential to inform risk evaluation as well or much better than toxicity research using mammals, but a lot more work continues to be needed (Krewski and mammalian tests, toxin position using various assays offers predicted toxicity position in mammals consistently. (thetechnoant.info)
The writers also proven that that LC50 standing in was as predictive of severe toxicity in mammals, apart from mouse and rat, as AG-490 inhibitor LD50 standing in rat or mouse (Williams and Dusenbery, 1988). (thetechnoant.info)

The researchers added all of the twenty-four retroviral factors at the same time into mouse fibroblast cells. (asu.edu)

He made numerous key contributions to the study of mammalian fertilization, and he was also a pioneer in the cloning field. (wikipedia.org)
In July 1998, Yanagimachi's team published work in Nature on cloning mice from adult cells. (wikipedia.org)
In 2004 the laboratory participated in the cloning of an infertile male mouse. (wikipedia.org)
Schematic diagram of the somatic cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)

This intermediate (I)-ProSG subset translocates from the center of seminiferous tubules to the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) 'niche' in its periphery soon after birth. (biologists.com)

Clearly, the powerful genetics and short life span (compared to the mice) of invertebrates such as worms and fly perfectly serve this need. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemical genetics reveals the requirement for Polo-like kinase 1 activity in positioning RhoA and triggering cytokinesis in human cells. (famri.org)
Tests using overexpression or decreased appearance of hTERT in cells in tradition possess recommended tasks for hTERT in managing appearance of development element response and additional genetics PF-4136309 (9, 12). (insulin-receptor.info)

Takahashi and Yamanaka's 2006 and 2007 experiments showed that scientists can prompt adult body cells to dedifferentiate, or lose specialized characteristics, and behave similarly to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (asu.edu)
2007). Such a dedifferentiation program occurs in mammalian pancreatic epithelial cell cultures, in which pancreatic cells dedifferentiate into mesenchymal-like cells that are able to re-enter the cell cycle, probably via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Gallo et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

Ali MA, Choy H, Habib AA, Saha D. SNS-032 prevents tumor cell-induced angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor. (famri.org)
If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely. (lookformedical.com)
An immune cell in the tumor microenvironment that may be important for inhibiting the immune response against bladder cancer is the myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC). (iospress.com)
the idea of a biologically constant hTERT connection with the Wnt path in human being breasts tumor cells, and any detectable impact of hTERT relied on cell type and fresh program. (insulin-receptor.info)
In comparison, telomerase appearance is definitely upregulated in many human being tumor cells and come cells (2). (insulin-receptor.info)
In human being tumor cells, the level of telomerase appearance appears higher than would show up required exclusively for keeping telomere size. (insulin-receptor.info)
Furthermore, overexpression of mouse and human being TERT promotes cell expansion in come, regular, and tumor cell lines (6,C11). (insulin-receptor.info)
The Wnt signaling path takes on a central part in advancement, come cell restoration, and tumor. (insulin-receptor.info)
Furthermore, -catenin may lead to telomerase upregulation in come and tumor cells by straight controlling TERT appearance via joining to the TERT marketer in complicated with Klf4, as previously reported in a research of mouse adult come cells and human being carcinoma lines NTera2 and SW480 (15). (insulin-receptor.info)

From a physiological standpoint, MDSC can be thought of as effectors of a homeostatic mechanism that regulate T cell-mediated inflammatory responses to pathogens [ 5 ]. (iospress.com)

Here, we perform an RNA-sequencing analysis of the transcriptional response of Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells to infection with either mosquito (Aedes albopictus, C7/10)- or mammalian (Baby Hamster Kidney, BHK-21)-derived Sindbis virus (SINV). (bvsalud.org)
Replacing dying or diseased kidney cells with new nephrons is an attractive strategy. (emjreviews.com)

The subcultured GDCs in each passage experienced germ and stem cell characteristics, and circulation cytometric analyses exposed that ~60% of these cells were GFRPGP 9.5GFR-1NANOGwere used as shown in our earlier study [8]. (ap26113.com)
In this study, cells of the colonies at each passage were found to be positive for GFR em /em -1 and PGP 9.5, as well as for stem cell markers, in RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, MK-1775 manufacturer and flow cytometry analyses. (ap26113.com)
In an earlier study conducted at Gladstone, authors Cody Kime and Kiichiro Tomoda were able to convert pluripotent mouse cells from an implanted-like state to a pre-implanted state. (sciencedaily.com)
In this study, we provide evidence that Sirt6 is involved in mouse somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we sought to determine the role of Sirt6 in mouse somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
To identify novel regulators of JNK-dependent cell death, this study performed a dominant-modifier screen in Drosophila and found that the Toll pathway participates in JNK-mediated cell death. (sdbonline.org)
Within an early position study, using taken care of on plates with check content articles dissolved in agar, it had been discovered that the toxicity purchase for eight metallic salts predicated on adult mortality correlated with rat and mouse dental LD50 position at one\tenth the expense of rodent tests (Williams and Dusenbery, 1988). (thetechnoant.info)

Anatomy74

Organisms22

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Pluripotent stem11

Nuclei11

Germ cells7

Differentiation15

Species9

Nuclear12

Reprogramming differentiated2

Fibroblasts3

Regulates1

Neurons6

Oocytes1

IPSCs2

Pathways3

Humans5

Pluripotency6

Genes14

Testicular4

19975

Proteins8

Proliferation6

Mechanisms6

Progenitor3

Epithelial cells4

Spermatogenesis3

Epigenetic2

Embryos14

Vitro3

Stem Cell Res2

Regeneration1

Fetal1

Testis7

Mammary1

Gonadal1

Vertebrates1

Transplantation2

Genetic6

Embryonic stem cell prope1

Genetically2

Transgenic1

Granulosa cells3

Neural4

Regulator1

Hermaphrodite1

Gene8

Totipotent3

Transfection1

Induce1

DNMT11

Heritable1

Developmental1

Nucleus2

Reprogram1

Neuron2

Blastocysts2

Mammals2

Fibroblast cells1

Cloning4

Seminiferous tubules1

Genetics3

Dedifferentiate2

Tumor9

Regulate1

Kidney2

Study7