• It drives the embryo proper through its differentiation into the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, during gastrulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • null mice embryos demonstrated impaired endocrine differentiation and perturbed duct morphogenesis during embryogenesis30. (immune-source.com)
  • Recent advances have uncovered details of the molecular circuits that tightly control cell growth and differentiation in the mammalian embryo from the blastocyst stage, through the establishment of initial anterior-posterior polarity, to gastrulation, when the germ cells are set aside and the three primary germ layers are specified. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The network model further provides the genomic regulatory code for subsequent steps of differentiation and morphogenesis. (biologists.com)
  • In the cochlea of mouse embryos, it is highly expressed in prosensory cells and down-regulated at the onset of hair cell differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Our research focuses on characterising the stem and progenitor cells that build the hypothalamus and characterising the molecular networks that direct hypothalamic morphogenesis, growth and differentiation. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • UBM is useful to investigate the growth and differentiation of tumors as well as to detect early molecular expression of cancer-related biomarkers in vivo and to monitor the effects of cancer therapies. (hindawi.com)
  • Such human fully integrated and complete SEMs recapitulate the organization of nearly all known lineages and compartments of post-implantation human embryos, including the epiblast, the hypoblast, the extra-embryonic mesoderm and the trophoblast layer surrounding the latter compartments. (nature.com)
  • Expression analysis of several Hox genes in human embryos. (cnr.it)
  • SERCA controls the rate of intersomitic blood vessel sprouting and branching in zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner. (caltech.edu)
  • Here, we identify the earliest zygotic transcripts in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, through metabolic labeling and purification of RNA from staged embryos. (mpg.de)
  • We use a range of animal model systems (chick, mouse, zebrafish) and combine in vivo and ex vivo approaches with state-of-the-art transcriptomic, imaging, and gain-and loss-of-function approaches. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Embryo-like models with spatially organized morphogenesis and structure of all defining embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues of the post-implantation human conceptus (that is, the embryonic disc, the bilaminar disc, the yolk sac, the chorionic sac and the surrounding trophoblast layer) remain lacking 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Much of this process relies on the morphogenesis of the extra-embryonic tissues and the effect this has on the organization of embryonic cells. (nature.com)
  • Our work with pollywog ( pwg ) maternal-effect mutants highlights the delicate control of the YSL during yolk morphogenesis, and provides novel insight into understanding which tissues of the embryo are affected by loss of a cohesive YSL. (rice.edu)
  • Where researchers once struggled to connect events at static timepoints, imaging tools now offer the ability to visualize the dynamic form and function of molecules, cells, tissues, and whole embryos throughout the entire developmental process. (cshlpress.com)
  • Further techniques are organized by the level of visualization they provide, from cells to tissues and organs to whole embryos. (cshlpress.com)
  • In facial morphogenesis, neural crest cells migrate into the facial region, where they form the skeletal and connective tissue and all dental tissues except the enamel. (medscape.com)
  • Serotonergic neurotransmission modulates cell proliferation in several tissues, but is involved mainly in the morphogenesis of the craniofacial region 8 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Genetic studies have identified the key signalling pathways and developmentally regulated transcription factors that govern cell lineage allocation and axis patterning in the early mammalian embryo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Upon commencement of gastrulation, the primitive streak, a visible, morphological linear band of cells, appears on the posterior epiblast and orients along the anterior-posterior embryo axis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gastrulation occurs in the epiblast of avian embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies on chick embryos have shown that mediolateral cell intercalation occurs before gastrulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mouse naive embryonic stem cells have recently been shown to give rise to embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells capable of self-assembling into post-gastrulation structured stem-cell-based embryo models with spatially organized morphogenesis (called SEMs) 3 . (nature.com)
  • This SEM platform will probably enable the experimental investigation of previously inaccessible windows of human early post implantation up to peri-gastrulation development. (nature.com)
  • Implantation of the human embryo leads to a number of changes in organization that are essential for gastrulation and future development 1 . (nature.com)
  • Dissection of Otx2 roles during gastrulation: requirement of Otx2 in the visceral endoderm for specification of anterior identity, and in the early neuroectoderm for maintenance of the anterior identity (forebrain and midbrain). (cnr.it)
  • The future body plan is formed during the gastrulation and early organogenesis stages when cells commit to their fates and organize into discrete anatomical units. (tu-berlin.de)
  • Here, we employ single-cell technologies to chart the emerging cell states and map their precise spatial locations within the developing mouse embryo during gastrulation and early organogenesis. (tu-berlin.de)
  • Taken together, we generate a high-resolution atlas of gastrulation and early organo- genesis and perform a comprehensive dissection of the spatiotemporal architecture of complex embryonic structures using high-throughput single-cell technologies, paving the way for the in- vestigation of congenital and developmental disorders. (tu-berlin.de)
  • Embryo model completes gastrulation to neurulation and organogenesis. (caltech.edu)
  • In contrast, short germ-band species start gastrulation with just a few segments, and then progressively add new ones from an undifferentiated growth zone situated at the posterior end of the embryo [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A model of the post-implantation human embryo derived from pluripotent stem cells. (caltech.edu)
  • The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
  • and (3) evidence of developmental dynamism relating to ability to progress, in a structurally organized manner, through morphologically characterized developmental milestones of the early post-implantation human embryo following initial aggregate formation 3 . (nature.com)
  • In teleosts, the Yolk Syncytial Layer (YSL) is functionally similar to the anterior visceral endoderm found in mice and is required for morphogenesis of the overlying blastoderm. (rice.edu)
  • The foxa gene is an integral component of the endoderm specification subcircuit of the endomesoderm gene regulatory network in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryo. (biologists.com)
  • The group studies a population of coupled genetic oscillators in the vertebrate embryo termed the segmentation clock. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Somites are blocks of cells that contain distinct sections that diverge into specific types (axial or limb) of musculature and are an essential part of early vertebrate development. (asu.edu)
  • Isolation and expression analysis both in invertebrate and vertebrate embryos of a new homeobox containing gene named Orthopedia (Otp). (cnr.it)
  • At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)
  • To circumvent the Handl-null early lethality and gain insight into the precise function of Handl during vertebrate heart development the bimodal tetracycline (Tet- Off) system has been employed to generate temporally controlled loss of function and gain of function models for Handl. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Remarkably, the anterior neuroectoderm (ANE) of the deuterostome sea urchin embryo expresses many of the same transcription factors and secreted modulators of Wnt signaling, as does the early vertebrate ANE (forebrain/eye field). (echinobase.org)
  • Moreover, as is the case in vertebrate embryos, confining the ANE to the anterior end of the embryo requires a Wnt/β- catenin -dependent signaling mechanism. (echinobase.org)
  • Stem cell-derived synthetic embryos self-assemble by exploiting cadherin codes and cortical tension. (caltech.edu)
  • To determine the developmental expression pattern of this molecule, we performed in situ hybridization analysis on early mouse embryos. (duke.edu)
  • When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)
  • This knowledge is important, because early indications suggest that deregulation of developmental programmes may underlie complex human pathological conditions, including stress and eating disorders. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • There are three major signaling pathways required for early specification and initiation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in the cardiac cushions: BMP, TGF-β, and Notch signaling. (springer.com)
  • Using single-cell profiling of mutant phenotype, we in- vestigate the fundamental principles governing cell fate specification, morphogenesis, and tissue patterning. (tu-berlin.de)
  • The endomesoderm gene regulatory network (GRN) models the transcriptional control system defining vegetal specification of the sea urchin( Strongylocentrotus purpuratus ) embryo during the first 30 hours of development. (biologists.com)
  • Human embryo polarization requires PLC signaling to mediate trophectoderm specification. (caltech.edu)
  • Extraembryonic defects in homozygous mutant embryos have precluded detailed analysis of Handl function in the heart. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • This manuscript focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying intra-nervous vascularisation of peripheral nerves during embryogenesis and early postnatal development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Recent studies in Xenopus have pursued the diverse roles of Xwnts in early development, the mechanisms by which Xwnts signal information between cells, and the cell physiological responses to Xwnt signals. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • His contributions in this area demonstrate the importance of cell competition in maintaining pluripotency in early embryonic development and its possible role in cardiac regeneration. (cnic.es)
  • WEC supports the growth and development of postimplantation mouse embryos to stages that are indistinguishable from those achieved in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The YSL undergoes dramatic reorganization during early development through processes that mirror the morphogenetic movements of the blastoderm. (rice.edu)
  • These data show that the p38 MAPK pathway is essential for maintaining normal yolk cell equilibrium during early development and that without proper cues from the YSL, the blastoderm cannot complete its morphogenetic movements. (rice.edu)
  • Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
  • In vivo dissection of Otx1 and Otx2 roles in brain development by using reciprocal knock-in mouse models: definition of extended functional equivalence between OTX1 and OTX2 proteins and the relevance of the Otx1 and Otx2 differential transcriptional control. (cnr.it)
  • The development of a single-cell zygote into a multi cellular organism with a plethora of cell and tissue types necessitates the precise spatiotemporal coordination of numerous mechanisms in the developing embryo, including the regulation of gene expression, morphogenesis, and tissue patterning. (tu-berlin.de)
  • We define the earliest gene expression patterns in the developing brain, stratifying substructures and molecular boundaries prior to the formation of morphological units during development. (tu-berlin.de)
  • Mouse embryo model derived exclusively from embryonic stem cells undergoes neurulation and heart development. (caltech.edu)
  • Consistent with this activity, functional analyses in mice suggest that Lin28B plays an important role in hair cell development and regeneration. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This is illustrated for instance in the development of embryos and organs, and in the function of the immune and nervous systems. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
  • It can be also used to visualize the embryological development of mice in uterus or to examine their cardiovascular development. (hindawi.com)
  • Handl encodes a bHLH transcription factor, which is essential for both placentation and cardiac morphogenesis during murine development. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
  • Patterning the neuroectoderm along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis is a critical event in the early development of deuterostome embryos. (echinobase.org)
  • The development of new tools and culture techniques has also enabled the factors that influence branching morphogenesis in the embryonic and pubertal gland to be identified. (biologists.com)
  • After birth, mammary development is arrested until puberty, when extensive elongation of the ducts, accompanied by secondary branching, takes place, thus providing a readily accessible system in which to study branching morphogenesis. (biologists.com)
  • We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • In the last ten years, his research has extended to the investigation of how tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis are determined by cell behaviour. (cnic.es)
  • Using this spatiotemporal atlas, we uncover embryo and tissue-wide gene expression patterns that govern body plan formation and the architecture of rudimentary organs. (tu-berlin.de)
  • How epithelial cells actively respond to mechanical constraints by adjusting how they generate force is important to understand tissue morphogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Integration of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways patterns the neuroectoderm along the anterior-posterior axis of sea urchin embryos. (echinobase.org)
  • During early stages of embryogenesis, by a process called vasculogenesis, a part of the mesoderm differentiates into endothelial cells, forms a lumen, and deposits a basal lamina to create a vascular plexus de novo. (elifesciences.org)
  • These results suggest that cad-11 is involved in specific associations of subsets of mesenchymal cells and also of some neural cells during early embryogenesis. (duke.edu)
  • This species specificity uncovers an evolutionary plasticity in early embryogenesis that probably confers substantial adaptive potential. (mpg.de)
  • How the earliest events in embryogenesis, including zygotic genome activation (ZGA) during maternal-to-zygotic transition, influence such remodeling remains unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other early embryologists that studied the epiblast and blastoderm include Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876) and Wilhelm His (1831-1904). (wikipedia.org)
  • His major contributions include the understanding of how gene activities regulate regionalization processes in the developing embryo and the discovery of mechanisms involved in quality control and organ regeneration. (cnic.es)
  • For example, purely physical mechanisms can account for branching morphogenesis of the embryonic mouse airway epithelium, when cultured ex vivo in the absence of biochemical patterning 14 . (nature.com)
  • It is therefore likely that miRNAs influence the mechanisms that specify the germ-band type and body structure, which is related to the metamorphosis mode, in insect embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although it is possible to culture structures derived from human blastocysts ex vivo, these cultures do not recapitulate the events and structural organization of the in vivo embryos 6 ( Supplementary Information ). (nature.com)
  • Dr. Torres described how his group's work has "established the first technique for the in vivo microscopy of the developing heart in mouse embryos, and this has enabled us to propose a new model of the formation of the heart tube. (cnic.es)
  • This category of genes are expressed in both old and young mice which were put through partial pancreatectomy18. (immune-source.com)
  • A major focus of his work on organogenesis is homeodomain genes, and his research in this area has contributed to the understanding of the molecular interactions that regulate the correct formation of distinct regions in the embryo. (cnic.es)
  • The Earliest Transcribed Zygotic Genes Are Short, Newly Evolved, and Different across Species. (mpg.de)
  • 2014). The Earliest Transcribed Zygotic Genes Are Short, Newly Evolved, and Different across Species. (mpg.de)
  • Thus, the earliest genes expressed probably support the rapid cell divisions that precede morphogenesis and, if so, might be evolutionarily conserved. (mpg.de)
  • Comparison of fish, fly, and mouse data revealed different sets of genes expressed at ZGA. (mpg.de)
  • B) qPCR measurements from three different cultures of embryos showing that ANE regulatory genes are up-regulated at the late blastula stage (24 hpf) in the absence of functional Fzl5/8 signaling. (echinobase.org)
  • Denervation of embryonic mouse lung explants reveals that lung branching requires nerves. (caltech.edu)
  • During implantation of the blastocyst, both the human and mouse epiblasts form a rosette shape in a process called polarization. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
  • Machine learning-assisted high-content analysis of pluripotent stem cell-derived embryos in vitro. (caltech.edu)
  • Transactivator and responder constructs for gene targeting and transgenics respectively have been tested extensively in vitro, and sent to a commercial company to generate the mouse strains. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • 2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
  • In the mouse, primordial germ cells are specified from epiblast cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mouse epiblast cells are not specified to amnion cell fate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using mouse genetic models, the authors show that Schwann cells regulate vascularization of the sciatic nerve and are required for a decrease in vascular density postnatally. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cad-11 was thus expressed by restricted populations of mesenchymal cells in early embryos, although it was also expressed in parts of the neural tube, such as the optic vesicle and dorsal midline, and in part of the otic vesicle. (duke.edu)
  • The is normally portrayed in early pancreatogenesis in every endodermally produced cells but isn't discovered in differentiated endocrine cells at late-gestation29. (immune-source.com)
  • Myosin-VI appears to be involved in a very early step of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in polarized epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • The availability of real-time imaging of mice anatomy allows performing aspiration procedures under ultrasound guidance as well as the microinjection of cells, viruses, or other agents into precise locations. (hindawi.com)
  • The role of polarization and early heterogeneities in the mammalian first cell fate decision. (caltech.edu)
  • NB-DGJ inhibited glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide biosynthesis nearly completely and inhibited ganglioside biosynthesis approximately 90% in both the embryo and visceral yolk sac. (ox.ac.uk)
  • NB-DGJ also significantly reduced total ganglioside content in both the embryo and visceral yolk sac as estimated by the cholera toxin immunooverlay technique. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A shift in expression from the structurally simple to the structurally complex gangliosides was also observed in NB-DGJ-treated embryos and yolk sacs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In embryos lacking maternal Map3k4, the YSL undergoes a rapid and catastrophic retraction and the YSN lose their normal distribution around the yolk. (rice.edu)
  • The prechordal plate of pwg mutant embryos deflect laterally or plunge into the yolk, and the overall animalward extension of the prechordal plate is diminished. (rice.edu)
  • Myosin-VI is encoded by gene MYO6, the human homolog of the gene responsible for deafness in Snell's waltzer mice. (nih.gov)
  • Analysis of beta 2-microglobulin gene expression in the developing mouse embryo and placenta. (ulaval.ca)
  • Molecular cloning and transcriptional mapping of the mouse cellular retinoic acid-binding protein gene. (ulaval.ca)
  • Our findings reveal a fundamental role for Tie1 signaling during lymphatic vessel remodeling and valve morphogenesis and implicate it as a candidate gene involved in primary lymphedema. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The y-axis shows the fold change in gene expression in ΔFzl5/8-containing embryos relative to controls. (echinobase.org)
  • Furthermore to GSK1838705A flaws in endocrine advancement null embryos demonstrated flaws in duct advancement31. (immune-source.com)
  • During pancreatic endocrine advancement serves early to determine endocrine cell destiny while directs endocrine cell differentiation34. (immune-source.com)
  • UBM is a noninvasive real-time technique that allows accurate and reliable images of the heart and other organs in mice [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The consistent ultrasound image obtained with the UBM can be used to visualize and guide injection into target organs [ 9 , 10 ], including mouse embryo, to aid in targeted delivery of drugs and viral particles [ 7 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we use morpholino- or dominant negative-mediated interference to demonstrate that the early sea urchin embryo integrates information not only from Wnt/β- catenin but also from Wnt/Fzl5/8- JNK and Fzl1/2/7-PKC pathways to provide precise spatiotemporal control of neuroectoderm patterning along its AP axis. (echinobase.org)
  • Do miRNAs contribute to specify the germ-band type and the body structure in the insect embryo? (biomedcentral.com)
  • A) foxq2 expression at stages from 32-cell to hatched blastula, as well as fzl5/8 and six3 expression at mesenchyme blastula stage in control embryos (Aa-f), Fzl1/2/7 morpholino-injected embryos (Ah-m), and embryos treated with PKC inhibitor (Ao-t). (echinobase.org)
  • Nerves are known to be present from the early stages of lung branching. (caltech.edu)
  • Here we report that Tie1 is present uniformly throughout the lymphatics and from late embryonic/early postnatal stages, becomes more restricted to lymphatic valve regions. (elsevierpure.com)
  • cell proliferation in mouse and individual pancreatic islet cells20. (immune-source.com)
  • are laminin-like diffusible chemotactic protein involved with pancreatic morphogenesis and are likely involved in the legislation of duct-cell and foetal GSK1838705A islet cell migration. (immune-source.com)
  • Making a commitment: cell lineage allocation and axis patterning in the early mouse embryo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Generation of Stem Cell-Based Mouse Embryo-Like Structures. (caltech.edu)
  • Stem-cell-based human and mouse embryo models. (caltech.edu)
  • We report that LADs reorganize gradually in two-cell embryos and that blocking ZGA leads to major changes in nuclear organization, including altered chromatin and genomic features of LADs and redistribution of H3K4me3 toward the nuclear lamina. (bvsalud.org)
  • An early step is EC-tip cell selection [Eilken and Adams, 2010]. (aopwiki.org)
  • Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)
  • A) foxq2 , fzl5/8, and six3 expression in 32-cell and late blastula-stage control embryos (Aa-d), ΔFzl5/8 mRNA-injected embryos (Af-i), and embryos treated with JNK inhibitor (Ak-n). (echinobase.org)
  • Extensive renovation of the epithelium, cell proliferation, apoptosis and changes in the shape and positioning of cell groups are determined by morphogenetic gradients that play critical roles during the morphogenesis of teeth 13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Homozygous null mice display neonatal lethality, disrupted ureteric bud branching, impaired Mullerian duct formation, and incompletely penetrant cleft lip and palate. (jax.org)
  • Despite causing major changes in GSL biosynthesis and composition, NB-DGJ had no effect on embryo viability, growth, or morphology. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our data describes an early and novel role for Map3k4, p38a and Mxtxl activity that is required for proper morphogenesis of the YSL and the blastoderm. (rice.edu)
  • Reduction of Tie1 levels in mouse embryos with a hypomorphic Tie1 allele resulted in abnormal lymphatic patterning and architecture, decreased lymphatic draining efficiency, and ultimately, embryonic demise. (elsevierpure.com)
  • I also show that the anterior neural plate of pwg mutant embryos fail to converge dorsally to the same extent as in wild embryos. (rice.edu)
  • Additionally, this technique is useful to image the fetal mouse [ 4 - 6 ] and to obtain high-resolution images of mice tumors [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we discuss BMP, TGF-β, and Notch signaling pathways during mouse cardiac cushion formation and how they together produce a coordinated EMT response in the developing mouse valves. (springer.com)
  • When the iv mouse mutation was cloned, it was found to encode a molecular motor protein, an axonemal dynein, and was named lrd , for left-right dynein (human homolog is DNAH11 / DNAHC11 ). (medscape.com)
  • Whole embryo culture (WEC) of organogenesis-stage mouse embryos was adapted for glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolic studies to evaluate the hypothesis that de novo GSL biosynthesis is a prerequisite for growth and morphogenesis of the early postimplantation embryo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The findings suggest that de novo GSL biosynthesis may not be a prerequisite for the growth and morphogenesis of the organogenesis-stage mouse embryo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Cadherin-11 expressed in association with mesenchymal morphogenesis in the head, somite, and limb bud of early mouse embryos. (duke.edu)
  • Interestingly, unlike the early prenatal defects previously described by ubiquitous endothelial deletion, excision of Tie1 with Nfatc1Cre resulted in abnormal lymphatic defects in postnatal mice and was characterized by agenesis of lymphatic valves and a deficiency of collecting lymphatic vessels. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In mice with alleles that decrease expression kidneys are smaller with fewer mature nephrons. (jax.org)
  • In the embryo, the signals that induce the formation of mammary placodes from the skin are beginning to be elucidated. (biologists.com)