• The data presented here describe the cellular pharmacology of the acid and ester forms of the nicotinamide glycolate pharmacophore, a potent antagonist of CXCR2 signaling by the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Ester forms of the nicotinamide glycolate antagonized CXCL1-stimulated chemotaxis (IC 50 = 42 nM) and calcium flux (IC 50 = 48 nM) in human neutrophils, but they were inactive in cell-free assays of 125 I-CXCL8/CXCR2 binding and CXCL1-stimulated guanosine 5′- O -(3-[ 35 S]thio)triphosphate ([ 35 S]GTPγS) exchange. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Acid forms of the nicotinamide glycolate were inactive in whole-cell assays of chemotaxis and calcium flux, but they inhibited 125 I-CXCL8/CXCR2 binding and CXCL1-stimulated [ 35 S]GTPγS exchange. (aspetjournals.org)
  • CXCR1 and CXCR2 are closely related receptors that recognize CXC chemokines that possess an E-L-R amino acid motif immediately adjacent to their CXC motif. (wikipedia.org)
  • CXCL8 (otherwise known as interleukin-8) and CXCL6 can both bind CXCR1 in humans, while all other ELR-positive chemokines, such as CXCL1 to CXCL7 bind only CXCR2. (wikipedia.org)
  • CXCR2, c-Raf and MAPKs was found to regulate CXCL1-induced IL-6 expression in OASFs and RASFs. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our present work suggests that the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis helps to orchestrate inflammatory responses in OA and RA SFs. (researchsquare.com)
  • Chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) acts as a key chemoattractant for neutrophils by binding specifically to its corresponding G protein-coupled receptor chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) (11, 12). (researchsquare.com)
  • We have elucidated the molecular mechanisms involved in the increase in IL-6 expression caused by CXCL1 incubation in SFs, which was regulated by its receptor CXCR2, c-Raf and MAPK signaling components, and activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional activation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), also known as growth-regulated oncogene-alpha or melanoma growth stimulatory activity, alpha, is a secreted growth factor that interacts with the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR2, also known as interleukin-8 receptor type beta (IL8RB) [ 7 , 8 ], that plays a key role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils [ 9 , 10 ]. (thno.org)
  • CXCL8 and CXCL6 bind to the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 whereas CXCL1 and other CXC-chemokines that have a Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif at their amino terminus (CXCL2 -3 and-5) bind to and activate CXCR2 only2. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • CCL2 acts predominantly via the CC-receptor CCR2, although it also binds to CCR4 (138), whereas CXCL1 and CXCL2 both act via CXCR2 (125). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was then used to measure hepatic expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and serum amyloid A-1 (SAA-1), and immunohistochemical analysis was used to quantify brain and hepatic neutrophil infiltration following stroke.The MCAO and sham surgery induced the expression of all three acute phase reactants. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The chemokine receptors CXCR1/2 are involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The chemokine signal is transduced by chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) expressed on the immune cells. (genome.jp)
  • CXC chemokine receptors are integral membrane proteins that specifically bind and respond to cytokines of the CXC chemokine family. (wikipedia.org)
  • They represent one subfamily of chemokine receptors, a large family of G protein-linked receptors that are known as seven transmembrane (7-TM) proteins, since they span the cell membrane seven times. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are currently six known CXC chemokine receptors in mammals, named CXCR1 through CXCR6. (wikipedia.org)
  • CXCR6 was formerly called three different names (STRL33, BONZO, and TYMSTR) before being assigned CXCR6 based on its chromosomal location (within the chemokine receptor cluster on human chromosome 3p21) and its similarity to other chemokine receptors in its gene sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, CXCR6 is more closely related in structure to CC chemokine receptors than to other CXC chemokine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemokines and their corresponding receptors have been well-characterized in RA progression, but less so in OA pathogenesis. (researchsquare.com)
  • Chemokines and chemokine receptors are critical players in the disease processes of two inflammatory joint diseases: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) (1). (researchsquare.com)
  • Both diseases are characterized by the extravasation of leukocytes from the vascular endothelium into the synovial tissue, a process that involves numerous chemokines and their receptors acting as synovial chemotactic mediators (5). (researchsquare.com)
  • The biological functions of chemokines are mediated through seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR10 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL27. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chemokine receptors that are specific for CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. (lookformedical.com)
  • Table 1 CXC- C- CX3C- and CC-chemokine and receptor families As the CXC-chemokines CXCL1 and GW788388 CXCL8 have been associated with tumour growth metastasis and angiogenesis I concentrate on these important chemokines. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected to quantitate leukocyte influx and cytokine/chemokine (TNF-a, IL-6, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligands [CXCL1 and CXCL2]) concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • In the context of AP, the most extensively investigated chemokines are CC-ligand 2 (CCL2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or MCP-1), CXC-ligand 1 (CXCL1, also known as cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant or CINC in rat and keratinocyte cytokine or KC in mouse), and CXC-ligand 2 (CXCL2, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha or MIP2a). (pancreapedia.org)
  • In response to cerulein (a CCK-8 ortholog widely used to elicit early pancreatitis responses in isolated acini an ex-vivo pancreatitis model), murine pancreatic acinar cells upregulate mRNA expression of both CXCL1 and CXCL2 within 90 min, with a supramaximally stimulating cerulein concentration of 0.1 mM producing 8 fold increase in CXCL1 and 10 fold increase in CXCL2 expression (87). (pancreapedia.org)
  • ODE-induced AHR was significantly attenuated in MyD88 KO mice, and neutrophil influx and cytokine/chemokine production were nearly absent in MyD88 KO animals after ODE challenges. (cdc.gov)
  • Mice deficient in TLR9, TLR4, and IL-18R, but not IL-1IR, demonstrated partial protection against ODE-induced neutrophil influx and cytokine/chemokine production. (cdc.gov)
  • The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that was previously called GRO1 oncogene, GROα, KC, neutrophil-activating protein 3 (NAP-3) and melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha (MGSA-α). (wikidoc.org)
  • Here, we found that both diseases feature elevated levels of CXCL1 and interleukin (IL)-6, an important proinflammatory cytokine that participates in OA and RA pathogenesis. (researchsquare.com)
  • The acute peripheral immune response to surgery was assessed by cytokine/chemokine profiling and flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review aims to describe the roles of key cytokines and chemokines in commonly used experimental models of pancreatitis and how the cytokine profile is affected by the choice of a specific model. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for the cell trafficking and thus are vital for protective host response. (genome.jp)
  • A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
  • This receptor binds and responds to a variety of chemokines, including eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-3 (CCL26), MCP-3 (CCL7), MCP-4 (CCL13), and RANTES (CCL5). (cancerindex.org)
  • of transcription of genes that encode cytokines chemokines adhesion factors and inhibitors of apoptosis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Many strategies and approaches have been tried to overcome these obstacles, including arming CAR-T cells with knock-out of PD-1 expression or secretion of cytokines/chemokines and using CAR-T cells in combination with other treatments [ 3 - 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • [6] [7] CXCL1 plays a role in spinal cord development by inhibiting the migration of oligodendrocyte precursors and is involved in the processes of angiogenesis , arteriogenesis , inflammation , wound healing , and tumorigenesis . (wikidoc.org)
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting CXCL1 aim to modulate its activity in diseases like cancer and chronic inflammation. (creativebiomart.net)
  • How does CXCL1 contribute to inflammation? (creativebiomart.net)
  • CXCR4 (also known as fusin) is the receptor for a chemokine known as CXCL12 (or SDF-1) and, as with CCR5, is utilized by HIV-1 to gain entry into target cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene and seven other chemokine receptor genes form a chemokine receptor gene cluster on the chromosomal region 3p21. (cancerindex.org)
  • Results from RNA sequencing revealed that AEG‑1 modulated neuronal morphology and development by regulating the expression of numerous genes, such as ubiquitin C, C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand 1, MMP9, Notch1, neuropilin 1 and ephrin type‑A receptor 4. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • [8] The gene for CXCL1 is located on human chromosome 4 amongst genes for other CXC chemokines. (wikidoc.org)
  • Twenty-three genes were insensitive to the effects of both drugs, including interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-18, and chemokine (CC motif) ligand (CCL) 5. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The transcription of chemokine genes is often inhibited by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and glucocorticoids1. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • This constitutive expression of chemokines occurs due to transcriptional activation of the encoding genes. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • In part the endogenous transcription of chemokine genes in melanoma cells is due to altered NF-κB activation. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Tumour angiogenesis growth and metastasis are facilitated by the NF-κB-modulated transcription of chemokine genes. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes. (lookformedical.com)
  • In addition, chemokines regulate plethora of biological processes of hematopoietic cells to lead cellular activation, differentiation and survival. (genome.jp)
  • Furthermore, chemokines have been known to regulate multiple processes during tumor progression including primary tumor growth, tumor angiogenesis and development of metastatic disease [ 4 , 5 ]. (thno.org)
  • Chemokines regulate the transport activation and sometimes proliferation of several cell types including myeloid lymphoid GW788388 endothelial and epithelial cells1 2 There are four chemokine subfamilies - CXC C CX3C and CC - based on the positions of conserved cysteine residues near the amino terminus of the proteins1 (TABLE 1). (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • This study details how we found that CXCL1 promoted interleukin (IL)-6 expression in RA and OA synovial fibroblasts (SFs), worsening the inflammatory status in the joints of both diseases. (researchsquare.com)
  • Furthermore, novel mechanistic investigations revealed that CXCL1 expression stimulated interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and repressed tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4). (thno.org)
  • CXCL1 modulates angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and wound healing (13). (researchsquare.com)
  • VPF In this review I discuss the factors that lie upstream of the NF-κB cascade that are activated during tumorigenesis and the role of the putative NF-κB enhanceosome in constitutive chemokine gene transcription during tumorigenesis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • In this review I explore the mechanisms by which constitutively activated kinases that GW788388 function upstream of the NF-κB cascade facilitate chemokine-mediated tumorigenesis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • The chemokine receptor CXCR5 is expressed on B cells and CD4+ Tfh cells and is involved in lymphocyte homing and the development of normal lymphoid tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemokines are well-recognized for their ability to recruit different leukocytes (6) and for their involvement in the migration of circulating cells into or within tissue (7, 8). (researchsquare.com)
  • Chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 CXCL1, bypass by vasculature, stimulates angiogenesis by an autocrine response and supports the growth of surrounding epithelial tissue via a paracrine response. (eleonorefourniau.com)
  • Another mechanism whereby injured pancreatic acinar cells trigger the inflammatory response is through synthesis and release of cytokines (36) and chemokines (11), and upregulation of adhesion molecules such as the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (136), which together promote neutrophil and monocyte infiltration (27, 71) and exacerbate tissue injury (10, 27, 37). (pancreapedia.org)
  • CXCL1 is secreted by human melanoma cells, has mitogenic properties and is implicated in melanoma pathogenesis . (wikidoc.org)
  • Finally, CXCL1 triggered the transcriptional activities of c-Jun (which regulates the expression of proinflammatory proteins) in OASFs and RASFs. (researchsquare.com)
  • SB706504 caused transcriptional inhibition of a range of cytokines and chemokines in COPD MDMs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Specifically, the chronic exposure of cells to a chemokine-laced milieu is associated with macrophage and T cell accumulation, chronic activation of macrophages, abnormal angiogenesis and DNA damage due to the presence of reactive oxygen species [ 2 , 3 ]. (thno.org)
  • Chemokines have been classified by structure and function into four groups: CXC, CC, C and CX3C (9). (researchsquare.com)
  • Among several homing chemokines, an antibody array revealed that expression of eotaxin-3 (but not eotxin-1 and -2) was highly enhanced in MSCs treated with PC-3-conditioned medium. (cancerindex.org)
  • We described the anticancer effects and mechanism of action of HL2401, a monoclonal antibody directed at CXCL1 with in vitro and in vivo data on bladder and prostate cancers. (thno.org)
  • Targeting these critical interactions with a CXCL1 monoclonal antibody offers a novel strategy to therapeutically manage bladder and prostate cancers. (thno.org)
  • Induction of nitric oxide and production of reactive oxygen species are as well regulated by chemokine signal via calcium mobilization and diacylglycerol production. (genome.jp)
  • Chemokines can be either homeostatic or inflammatory, or display both qualities simultaneously. (researchsquare.com)
  • In general, CXCL1 levels are extremely low under normal physiological conditions and greatly increased during inflammatory conditions. (researchsquare.com)
  • The expression of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), an inflammatory protein, has been reported to be up-regulated in many human cancers. (thno.org)
  • Chemokines are known to be critical mediators of the inflammatory response by regulating recruitment of immune cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems to diseased tissues. (thno.org)
  • These cells allow entheses to respond to IL-23 in vitro-in the absence of further cellular recruitment--and to elaborate inflammatory mediators including IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. (lookformedical.com)
  • Pancreatic acinar cell injury triggers the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (32, 36, 39, 41, 82). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The signal cascades that mediate the CXCL1-promoted IL-6 expression were identified by using chemical inhibitors, siRNAs and shRNAs. (researchsquare.com)
  • This chemokine is released from alpha-granules of activated platelets during platelet aggregation, and promotes blood coagulation by moderating the effects of heparin -like molecules. (wikidoc.org)
  • According to this evidence, CXCL1 plays a pivotal role in RA and OA pathogenesis. (researchsquare.com)
  • We investigated the homing-related chemokine expression levels of MSCs treated with a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) -conditioned medium. (cancerindex.org)
  • The mechanisms through which aberrant cellular CXCL1 levels promote specific steps in tumor growth and progression are unknown. (thno.org)
  • Our findings reveal a previously undocumented relationship between CXCL1, IL6 and TIMP4 in solid tumor biology. (thno.org)
  • Chemokines have also been known to enhance epithelial-stromal interactions facilitating tumor growth and invasion [ 6 ]. (thno.org)
  • In humans, this protein is encoded by the Cxcl1. (wikidoc.org)
  • Growth-regulated alpha protein is a protein in humans that is encoded by CXCL1 gene. (cusabio.com)
  • Dysregulated expression and activity of certain chemokines have been implicated in the initiation and progression of several cancers [ 1 ]. (thno.org)
  • Chemokines are abundant in RA synovial fluid, while OA synovial fluid also reveals the presence of chondrocytes, synovial cells and other cells capable of both expressing and responding to chemokines (2-4). (researchsquare.com)