Morphology retinal vessels. Medical search. Frequent questions

This is because the same number of vessels enter the eye, but they then branch out more often over the retina than do typical children's. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Retinal vessel analysis is a non-invasive method to examine the small arteries and veins in the retina which allows to draw conclusions about the morphology and the function of small vessels elsewhere in the human body. (wikipedia.org)
In static retinal vessel analysis this is a snapshot, in dynamic vessel analysis (DVA) a 12.5 Hz optoelectric flickering light induces a stimulation of a specific segment of the retina to which the vessels react by a change in their diameter which is quantified by the device. (wikipedia.org)
therefore, the optic nerve must cross through the retina en route to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, we generated R91W;Nrl −/− double-mutant mice, which display a well-ordered all-cone retina with normal retinal vasculature and a strong photopic function that generates useful vision. (nature.com)
The outer blood-retina barrier consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is separated from the blood-vessel rich choriocapillaris by Bruch's membrane, which regulates the exchange of nutrients and waste between the choriocapillaris on one side and the RPE on the other. (scienceboard.net)
The method initially involves a segmentation process to identify blood vessel intersection points in the retina, then the generation of template consisting of the bifurcation points in the blood vessels and finally matching of the intersection points in two different patterns. (ciitresearch.org)
This approach differs from previously known methods, in that it uses a retinal minucode centered feature extraction algorithm based on the bifurcation points present in retina. (ciitresearch.org)
Automated image processing has the potential to assist in the early detection of diabetes, by detecting changes in blood vessel diameter and patterns in the retina. (edu.au)
The outer blood-retina barrier consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), separated by Bruch's membrane from the blood-vessel rich choriocapillaris. (neurosciencenews.com)
VLD vessel length density, PD perfusion density, superficial super ficial capillary plexus, deep deep capillary plexus, retina whole retina, FAZ foveal avascular zone, r Pearson 's correlation coefficient, P signi ficance, values in bold are statistically signi ficant. (medscape.org)
The majority of eyes with retinal breaks do not develop retinal detachment because normal physiological forces keep the retina in place. (aao.org)
However, the combination of retinal breaks, vitreous liquefaction and detachment, traction on the retina (vitreoretinal traction), and intraocular fluid currents associated with movement of liquid vitreous and subretinal fluid can overwhelm these "attachment factors," causing retinal detachment. (aao.org)
Low reflective spaces in the retinal nerve fiber layer in the optical coherence tomographic images were observed to correlate with the presence of nonperfused areas of retina in eyes with macular oedema associated with retinal vein occlusion. (bmj.com)
ERG analysis of retinal functional recovery after ophthalmic artery chemosurgery in eyes with retinoblastoma and minimal baseline retinal function demonstrated that retinal recovery is common, and that significant recovery requires reattachment of the retina if detached at baseline. (bmj.com)

Retinal vessel analysis is conducted mainly by ophthalmologists, cardiologists, neurologists and other medical specialities dealing with vascular diseases. (wikipedia.org)
The study authors conclude that retinal vascular parameters may prove to be a useful biomarkers for these forms of dementia and to predict the disease progression. (wikipedia.org)
The morphology of the retinal vascular structure in fundus images is of great importance for ocular disease diagnosis. (nottingham.edu.cn)
Retinal image assessment has been employed by the medical community for diagnosing vascular and non-vascular pathology. (jist.ir)
TLR4 promotes retinal neovascularization probably by activating specific signaling pathways downstream of microglia cells and accelerating the release of vascular growth factors and inflammatory factors. (cjeo-journal.org)
They also play a major role in early detection of diseases related to cardio vascular diseases by comparing the states of the retinal blood vessels. (ijettjournal.org)
Automatic extraction of blood vessels in the retinal vascular tree usin medialness. (ijettjournal.org)
Compared with wild-type littermates, mice overexpressing the GJA4 mutation developed ECH-like pathological morphological characteristics (dilated venous lumen and elevated vascular density) in the retinal superficial vascular plexus at the postnatal 3 weeks, which were reversed by an SGK1 inhibitor, EMD638683. (bmj.com)
For treatment of macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy can result in differing degrees in improvement in visual acuity depending on the initial presenting acuity. (bmj.com)

Although considerable debate persists regarding the optimal form of treatment for many types of retinal detachments, scleral buckling is declining in popularity, particularly in regard to pseudophakic cases. (aao.org)

A group of eyes was enucleated, and the retinal vasculature and morphology were studied by confocal and light microscopy. (edu.au)
The Project proposes Retinal image analysis through efficient detection of vessels and exudates for retinal vasculature disorder analysis. (pantechelearning.com)

In this paper, two different applications are studied: in the first one, we apply our framework to blood vessels segmentation in retinal images. (epita.fr)
Zana F, Klein J-C. "Segmentation of vessel-like patterns using mathematical morphology and curvature evaluation", IEEE Trans Image Process 2001;10:1010-9. (ciitresearch.org)
Segmentation of vessel-like patterns using mathematical morphology and curvature evaluation. (ciitresearch.org)
However, due to the poor fundus image quality and domain shifts between datasets, retinal vessel segmentation has long been regarded as a problematic machine-learning task. (nottingham.edu.cn)
This paper describes the development of segmentation methodology in the processing of retinal blood vessel images obtained using non-mydriatic colour photography. (edu.au)
Its segmentation in fundus imaging is a nontrivial task due to the variable size of vessels, relatively low contrast, and the potential presence of pathologies like microaneurysms and hemorrhages. (pantechelearning.com)
The combination of multi-structure morphological process and Segmentation technique used effectively for retinal vessel and exudates detection. (pantechelearning.com)
Li Y , Zhang Y, Liu JY, Wang K, Zhang K, Zhang GS, Liao XF, Yang G. Global Transformer and Dual Local Attention Network via Deep-Shallow Hierarchical Feature Fusion for Retinal Vessel Segmentation. (referencecitationanalysis.com)
Clinically, retinal vessel segmentation is a significant step in the diagnosis of fundus diseases. (referencecitationanalysis.com)
However, recent methods generally neglect the difference of semantic information between deep and shallow features, which fail to capture the global and local characterizations in fundus images simultaneously, resulting in the limited segmentation performance for fine vessels. (referencecitationanalysis.com)
First, the GT is developed to integrate the global information in the retinal image, which effectively captures the long-distance dependence between pixels, alleviating the discontinuity of blood vessels in the segmentation results. (referencecitationanalysis.com)
Second, DLA, which is constructed using dilated convolutions with varied dilation rates, unsupervised edge detection, and squeeze-excitation block, is proposed to extract local vessel information, consolidating the edge details in the segmentation result. (referencecitationanalysis.com)
Automatic segmentation of blood vessels from retinal images is the initial step of the computer based assessment for blood vessel anomalies. (jist.ir)
An ensemble classification-based approach applied to retinal blood vessel segmentation,' Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 59, pp. 2538-2548, 2012. (jist.ir)
13] A. M. Mendonca and A. Campilho, 'Segmentation of retinal blood vessels by combining the detection of centerlines and morphological reconstruction,'Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 25, pp. 1200-1213, 2006. (jist.ir)
Hierarchical retinal blood vessel segmentation based on feature and ensemble learning. (ijettjournal.org)
Leveraging multiscale hessian-based enhancement with a novel exudate inpainting technique for retinal vessel segmentation. (ijettjournal.org)

Choroidal and retinal neovascularization plays an essential role in various ocular diseases. (molvis.org)
We used Brown Norway rats, in which choroidal and retinal neovascularization was induced using intraocular laser impacts. (molvis.org)
They demonstrated their critical involvement in a rat model of retinal and choroidal neovascularization experimentally induced using ocular laser impacts. (molvis.org)
Immunoreactivity was very strong in reforming retinal vessels and intravitreal neovascularization in oxygen-treated animals. (johnshopkins.edu)
KDR/Flk-1 was only weakly associated with normal developing primary retinal vessels but was strongly expressed by proliferating endothelial cells in reforming retinal vessels and intravitreal neovascularization after hyperoxic insult. (johnshopkins.edu)
Anti-KDR antibody delivered by slow-release pellets had no effect on normal vasculogenesis, but it inhibited the formation of intravitreal neovascularization and retinal vessel development in OIR. (johnshopkins.edu)
To determine the efficacy of rAAV.sFlt-1-mediated gene therapy in a transgenic mouse model of retinal neovascularization (trVEGF029) and to assess whether rAAV.sFlt-1 administration generated any deleterious, long-lasting immune response that could affect efficacy. (edu.au)
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of TLR4 in oxygen induced retinal neovascularization in mice. (cjeo-journal.org)
Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography of type 3 neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration revealed significant regression of the microvascular morphology after a single anti-VEGF injection. (bmj.com)

The advance could provide an unending supply of tissue to study, and ultimately cure retinal diseases and age-related macular degeneration. (neurosciencenews.com)
The technique provides a theoretically unlimited supply of patient-derived tissue to study degenerative retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). (neurosciencenews.com)
11] Poonam Bhosale,Pradnya Kulkarni,Sarika Bobde , " Automatic detection of age related macular degeneration using retinal colour images",Sixth Post Graduate Conference for Computer Engineering(cPGCON 2017) Procedia International Journal on Emerging Trends in Technology(IJETT). (ijettjournal.org)
Optical coherence tomography angiography image artifact was present in 89.4% of eyes from normal subjects and patients with age-related macular degeneration and macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. (bmj.com)
This prospective cross-sectional study reports the repeatability of swept-source optical coherence tomography derived retinal and choroidal thickness measurements in eyes with neovascular age related macular degeneration. (bmj.com)

Analysis of SD OCT images revealed preretinal structures (ranging from 409 to 2700 microm in width and 212 to 440 microm in height), retinoschisis, and retinal detachment in the posterior pole of patients with advanced ROP. (duke.edu)
Significant liquefaction of the vitreous gel may lead to vitreous detachment (usually termed posterior vitreous detachment or PVD), which often precipitates RRD by producing tractional forces necessary to generate retinal breaks. (institut-vision.org)
Due to rotational eye movements, gravitational and inertial forces or contracture of intraocular fibroproliferative tissue, vitreous currents force fluid through the retinal breaks and progressively extend the retinal detachment. (institut-vision.org)
The essential requirements for a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment include a retinal break (rhegma = rent or rupture) and vitreous liquefaction sufficient to allow fluid in the vitreous cavity to pass through the break(s) into the subretinal space. (aao.org)
The usual pathological sequence that results in retinal detachment is vitreous liquefaction followed by a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), which in turn causes retinal tears at the sites of significant vitreoretinal adhesions (Figure 1). (aao.org)
All ocular conditions that are associated with an increased prevalence of vitreous liquefaction and PVD or with an increased number or extent of vitreoretinal adhesions are associated with a higher incidence of retinal detachment, including trauma. (aao.org)
Major risk factors have in common an increased incidence of retinal break(s), vitreous liquification and detachment, and abnormal vitreoretinal adhesions. (aao.org)
As noted above, retinal detachment occurs when the combination of factors that promote retinal detachment overwhelms the normal attachment forces. (aao.org)
Vitreous traction usually persists at the edge of a tear, which promotes progression of the retinal detachment. (aao.org)
Retinal detachment in eyes with Boston keratoprosthesis seems to have specific characteristics and the visual acuity remains poor despite successful anatomical results. (bmj.com)

Retinal vessel dynamics have the potential to serve as a tool for the assessment of risks in other organs since they are thought to reflect the general status of the microvasculature (i.e. the smallest vessels in the human body). (wikipedia.org)
This was seen as an indication that regular exercise reverses the subclinical impairment of the retinal microvasculature and thus most likely of small vessels in other organs. (wikipedia.org)
Our results implicate a more pronounced and earlier damage to the corneal nerve fibers compared to the retinal microvasculature in patients with DM. (arvojournals.org)
In DM, an earlier and more pronounced damage to the corneal nerve fibers was observed compared to the retinal microvasculature. (arvojournals.org)
7 , 8 Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides a direct, noninvasive visualization and quantification of the retinal microvasculature and blood flow. (arvojournals.org)

exudation of material into the subretinal space from retinal vessels (such as in hypertension, central retinal venous occlusion, vasculitis, papilledema). (institut-vision.org)
Furthermore, we found that boys born after ICSI (n=35) had slightly abnormal retinal vascularisation with significantly fewer central retinal vessel branching points in comparison with the control group (n=203). (gu.se)

Most clinicians do not perform optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation in case of patients who exhibit normal retinal morphology upon slit-lamp biomicroscopy. (biomedcentral.com)

Then the number of matched blood vessel intersection points between the two patterns is used to quantify the degree of matching. (ciitresearch.org)
Recently, ophthalmologists are able to qualify and quantify the retinal capillary network and choriocapillaries, optic nerve head, and corneal peripheral nerves. (arvojournals.org)

The researchers concluded that retinal vessel analysis may represent a new and useful method to non-invasively monitor microvascular abnormalities in heart failure. (wikipedia.org)
Computer based analysis of blood vessels in retinal images will help ophthalmologists monitor larger populations for vessel abnormalities. (jist.ir)
The purpose of this study was to assess whether retinal microvascular or corneal nerve abnormalities occur earlier in diabetes mellitus (DM) and to identify imaging biomarkers in order to help prevent the subsequent irreversible retinal and corneal complications. (arvojournals.org)
Lattice degeneration is one of the most important vitreoretinal abnormalities associated with an increased likelihood of retinal tears and RD. Approximately 30% of patients with RD also have lattice degeneration. (institut-vision.org)

Endocrinology Hypercholesterolemia is associated with significant retinal microvascular dysfunction as evidenced in a study based on 67 patients with hypercholesterolemia without known cardiovascular disease by a reduction in flicker-induced dilatation of retinal arterioles. (wikipedia.org)

Dialysis is a traumatic (or in some cases congenital) circumferential retinal tear by the ora serrata that has linear shape, acute onset and most commonly occurs in young individuals. (institut-vision.org)
Dialyses are circumferential retinal breaks that occur at the ora serrata. (aao.org)

Here, we proposed a new algorithm to detect the retinal blood vessels effectively. (pantechelearning.com)

As observed on angiography, the numbers of choroidal and retinal blood vessels were significantly increased (principally on the seventh day) after the laser impacts. (molvis.org)
Fluorescein angiography and electroretinography were used to compare the extent of fluorescein leakage from retinal vessels and retinal function, respectively. (edu.au)
Ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography was used to assess retinal perfusion in diabetic macular oedema. (bmj.com)

Basically, the Retinal Vessel Analyzer measures the diameters of small arteries (arterioles) and vein (venules) in the posterior segment of the eye. (wikipedia.org)
Only 15% of retinal breaks develop posterior to the equator. (institut-vision.org)

3] S. W. Franklin and S. E. Rajan, 'Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy by employing image processing technique to detect exudates in retinal images,' IET Image Processing, vol. 8, pp. 1-9, 2014. (jist.ir)

10] M. A. Amin and H. Yan, 'High speed detection of retinal blood vessels in fundus image using phase congruency,' Soft Computing, vol. 15, pp. 1217-1230, 2011. (jist.ir)

The technique may provide a theoretically unlimited supply of patient-derived tissue to study retinal diseases, along with a physiologically relevant model for studying RPE-choriocapillaris interactions under healthy and diseased conditions. (scienceboard.net)
Precision genome editing agents can enable gene correction and disease rescue in inherited retinal diseases, according to University of California, Irvine. (scienceboard.net)
It plays important role in the detection of some diseases in the early stages, such as diabetes, which can be performed by comparing the states of retinal blood vessels. (pantechelearning.com)
Retinal Image Analysis (RIA) is a key element in detecting diseases in patients. (ijettjournal.org)

Since non-invasive and affordable methods for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease are scarce, the fact that alterations in vessel reaction could be detected in patients not yet clinically diagnosed was considered noteworthy. (wikipedia.org)
Yongping Zhang, Wynne Hsu, Mong Li Lee, "Detection of Retinal Blood Vessels Based on Nonlinear Projections", Journal of Signal Processing Systems (2009) 55:103-112. (ciitresearch.org)
Chaudhuri S, Chatterjee S, Katz N, Nelson M, Goldbaum M. "Detection of blood vessels in retinal images using two-dimensional matched filters", IEEE Trans Med Imag 1989;8:263-9. (ciitresearch.org)
Intrinsic characteristics of retinal images make the blood vessel detection process difficult. (pantechelearning.com)
The Daubechies wavelet transform is used to enhance the image contrast for effective vessels detection. (pantechelearning.com)
Biomedical application for retinal image analysis and fundus, exudates detection. (pantechelearning.com)
In this paper, a fast unsupervised method for automatic detection of blood vessels in retinal images is presented. (jist.ir)
8] L. Gang, O. Chutatape, and S. M. Krishnan, 'Detection and measurement of retinal vessels in fundus images using amplitude modified second-order Gaussian filter,' Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 49, pp. 168-172, 2002. (jist.ir)
9] M. G. Cinsdikici and D. Aydın, 'Detection of blood vessels in ophthalmoscope images using MF/ant (matched filter/ant colony) algorithm,' Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, vol. 96, pp. 85-95, 2009. (jist.ir)
An approach to localize the retinal blood vessels using bit planes and centerline detection,' Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 2011. (jist.ir)
Automatic Extraction of Blood Vessel and Eye Retinopathy Detection. (ijettjournal.org)
This indicates the importance of OCT examination for detection of subclinical choroidal and retinal changes in all types of AAU. (biomedcentral.com)

Ophthalmological evaluation revealed a degree of retinal blood vessel tortuosity in all but one patient, and superficial corneal dystrophies in 3 patients (2 GD1). (uniroma1.it)
Corneal sub-basal nerve plexus and vessel density (VD) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were evaluated. (arvojournals.org)

Hök Wikstrand M, Niklasson A, Strömland K and Hellström A. Abnormal vessel morphology in boys born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (gu.se)

determine the width ratio of arteries and veins as well as the vessel tortuosity index. (britishcouncil.pk)

An intraocular injection of nestin siRNAs led to a significant decrease in the number of blood vessels. (molvis.org)
This is due to a combination of retinal breaks, vitreous changes inducing a retinal break and vitreoretinal traction, and intraocular fluid currents. (aao.org)

Such a processing, that we called shape-based morphology, is a generalization of the existing tree-based connected operators. (epita.fr)

Neural signals from the rods and cones undergo processing by other neurons, whose output takes the form of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Nearly 50 different mouse retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types sample the visual scene for distinct features. (elifesciences.org)

Sports Medicine Researchers from the Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences at the University of Basel demonstrated that cardiovascular fitness and body composition affect retinal vessel diameters which in turn give an indication of a person's cardiovascular health. (wikipedia.org)
Matched filter estimation of serial blood vessel diameters from video images. (ciitresearch.org)

Scleral buckling is an ophthalmic surgical technique that has been successfully employed as a primary or adjuvant procedure to repair rhegmatogenous retinal detachments for over 60 years. (aao.org)

The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of prenatal factors in children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and peri- and postnatal factors in children born preterm on visual function and ocular fundus morphology at school age. (gu.se)

Some examples: Cardiology In a recent publication, Andreas Flammer and his group at the Clinic of Cardiology at Zurich University performed retinal vessel analysis in 74 patients with compensated chronic heart failure, 74 patients with cardiovascular risk factors and 74 healthy controls. (wikipedia.org)
This tool enables the epidemiologists to analyze the association between systemic and cardiovascular disease and the retinal vessel characteristics as potential biomarker, on very large dataset of UK Biobank. (britishcouncil.pk)

Neurology In 2019, neurologists and ophthalmologists from Milan, Italy, demonstrated that arterial dilation was decreased in patients with manifest Alzheimer's disease and persons with mild cognitive impairment when performing dynamic vessel analysis. (wikipedia.org)

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In vivo determination of vitreoretinal morphology, anatomy, and pathology by clinical examination, imaging, and SD OCT. RESULTS: Linear and volumetric imaging was achieved with the handheld system in infant eyes despite tunica vasculosa lentis and vitreous bands. (duke.edu)
Retinal breaks may develop spontaneously in areas of strong vitreoretinal adhesion, typically along retinal vessels, or in patients with certain predisposing conditions, such as lattice retinal degeneration. (institut-vision.org)
Atrophic retinal holes have round shape and gradual onset, are often within patches of lattice degeneration and are not associated vitreoretinal traction. (institut-vision.org)
Retinal holes are full-thickness retinal defects that are typically not associated with persistent vitreoretinal traction in their vicinity. (aao.org)
Retinal tears are usually produced by an acute PVD due to excess vitreoretinal traction at sites of significant vitreoretinal adhesions. (aao.org)

Retinal breaks occur in about 6% of the general population, but most of them are benign atrophic holes that do not lead to RD. (institut-vision.org)

One parameter evaluated in retinal vessel analysis, the mean arteriolar to venular diameter ratio (AVR), correlated with individual fitness and normalized in obese individuals after they underwent a training program and weight reduction. (wikipedia.org)

The acute model of light-induced retinal degeneration uses short exposure to bright white light to study photoreceptor cell death leading to loss of vision. (nature.com)

ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated the absence of perivascular nerves in PWS [ 14 , 17 ] favouring the hypothesis of an alteration of autonomic nerves surrounding blood vessels which causes deficits of vessel caliber modulation [ 14 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
In a cohort of 10,407 participants, analysing the retinal vessel caliber led to the reclassification of 21% of low-risk women to carrying an intermediate risk. (wikipedia.org)

Squid eyes do not have an analog of the vertebrate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (wikipedia.org)
On day nine, they seeded retinal pigment epithelial cells on the reverse side of the scaffold. (scienceboard.net)
On day nine, the scientists seeded retinal pigment epithelial cells on the flip side of the scaffold. (neurosciencenews.com)

There is growing evidence that in particular the dynamic vessel analysis is able to detect blood vessel damage - for instance as a consequence of aging or metabolic disease - in an early stage. (wikipedia.org)

KDR immunoreactivity was only weakly associated with developing retinal vessels and was not observed in angioblasts throughout normal postnatal development. (johnshopkins.edu)
Hök Wikstrand M, Hård A-L, Niklasson A, Hellström A. Birth weight deviation and early postnatal growth are related to optic nerve morphology at school age in very preterm children. (gu.se)

In a study of 29 patients presenting with acute or chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, differential choroidal vessel dilation patterns were observed between acute and chronic disease. (bmj.com)

A significant proportion of patients with acute PVD develop an associated retinal tear that can lead to RD and, if left untreated, permanent vision loss. (institut-vision.org)

Lastly, morphological post-processing is applied to eliminate exudates which are detected as blood vessels. (jist.ir)

The primary endpoint, flicker-induced dilatation of retinal arterioles (FIDart), was significantly reduced in patients with chronic heart failure: 0.9% versus 2.3% in persons with risk factors and 3.6% in healthy individuals. (wikipedia.org)

After a single rAAV.sFlt-1 injection, sFlt-1 protein levels were upregulated, and there was a reduction in fluorescein leakage from the retinal vessels and an improvement in retinal function. (edu.au)

The SD-OCT examination showed impairment in retinal nerve fibre layers in 7 patients (6 GD1), combined with macular damage in 2 of them. (uniroma1.it)

The methods used include wavelet analysis, supervised classifier probabilities and adaptive threshold procedures, as well as morphology-based techniques. (edu.au)
Methods Circulating (n = 179) and hepatic expression (n = 95) of ghrelin and LEAP-2 were measured in patients with severe obesity and available liver pathology analysis undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). (unav.edu)

Are neuropsychiatric symptoms a marker of small vessel disease progression in older adults? (ed.ac.uk)

Ping Ji decided to measure and catalogue these differences by taking fundus photographs in children with Down's syndrome and typical children, and analyse the size and shape of the optic disc and the numbers and arrangement of blood vessels. (cardiff.ac.uk)

C.Marino, M.G.Penedo, M.Penas, M.J.Carreira, F.Gonzalez, "Personal authentication using digital retinal images", Pattern Analysis and Applications (2006) 9: 21-33. (ciitresearch.org)
Hoover A, Kouznetsova V, Goldbaum M. "Locating blood vessels in retinal images by piecewise threshold probing of a matched filter response", IEEE Trans Med Imag 2000;19:203-10. (ciitresearch.org)
7] A. Hoover, V. Kouznetsova, and M. Goldbaum, 'Locating blood vessels in retinal images by piecewise threshold probing of a matched filter response,' Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 19, pp. 203-210, 2000. (jist.ir)
Retinal images could be used in several applications that help in diagnosing the disease and human recognition. (ijettjournal.org)

Studies showed that Toll like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the development of retinal angiogenesis.However, the effect and mechanism of TLR4 affecting angiogenesis in oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR) had not been clarified yet. (cjeo-journal.org)

Sixteen patients (13 GD1) showed slight or moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and 4 of them had a cookie and reverse cookie bite morphology, typically associated with genetic SNHL. (uniroma1.it)

Anatomy28

Organisms6

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care1

Geographicals1

Retina15

Vascular9

Types of retinal1

Vasculature2

Segmentation17

Neovascularization9

Macular degeneration5

Detachment10

Microvasculature5

Central retinal2

Normal retinal1

Quantify2

Abnormalities4

Microvascular1

Circumferential retinal2

Blood vessels effectively1

Angiography3

Posterior2

Diabetic1

Fundus image1

Diseases4

Detection12

Superficial2

Abnormal1

Arteries1

Intraocular2

Generalization1

Ganglion2

Diameters2

Detachments1

Ocular1

Cardiovascular2

Ophthalmologists1

Vitreoretinal5

Atrophic1

Arteriolar1

Degeneration1

Caliber2

Pigment3

Detect1

Postnatal2

Dilation1

Acute1

Exudates1

Dilatation1

Leakage1

Impairment1

Methods2

Progression1

Optic disc1

Images4

Retinopathy1

Typically1