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Removal of the mitochondria from the cellular environment simplified the investigations of the nuclear-cytoplasmic influences upon the mitochondrial transcription. (caltech.edu)
These sensitivities indicate a link between cytoplasmic and respiratory/oxidative phosphorylative control of mitochondrial transcription. (caltech.edu)
Use of the new medium does not decrease the proportion of cytoplasmic ATPase which fails to sediment with the mitochondria, but does give a mitochondrial fraction low in RNA and in acid phosphatase activity and little contaminated with microsomal material. (rupress.org)
QIAseq FastSelect -rRNA Worm Kits are designed for quick, efficient removal of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial worm ribosomal RNA from total RNA during NGS RNA library preparation. (qiagen.com)
This mitochondrial RNA colocalizes with components of the cytoplasmic machinery that makes and imports nuclear-encoded proteins - that is, a ribosomal protein (S6), a nascent peptide associated protein (NAC), and the translocase in the outer membrane (Tom22). (biomedcentral.com)
In most human cells, mitochondria contain 10 3 -10 4 copies of a circular genome of 16,569 base-pairs that encodes two ribosomal RNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 polypeptides that form parts of the respiratory-chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bonhomme S, Budar F, Ferault M, Pelletier G (1991) A 2.5 kb Nco I fragment of Ogura radish mitochondrial DNA is correlated with cytoplasmic male-sterility in Brassica cybrids. (springer.com)

The ribosomal RNA and small RNA molecules (transfer RNA, microRNA, small nucleolar RNA, and small cytoplasmic RNA) do not bind to the beads and are discarded. (thermofisher.com)
This gene is co-transcribed with several small nucleolar RNA genes, which are located in several of this gene's introns. (nih.gov)

Cherfils, J. & Chardin, P. GEFs: structural basis for their activation of small GTP-binding proteins. (nature.com)
Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. (ucsc.edu)
RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
In order to explore the factors that regulate the nuclear import of TDP-43, we used a small interfering RNA library to silence 82 proteins involved in nuclear transport and found that knockdowns of karyopherin-beta1 and cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein resulted in marked cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43. (crick.ac.uk)
The ribosomal RNA does not carry the code in making proteins. (biologyonline.com)
It builds proteins according to the genetic sequence held within the messenger RNA . (biologyonline.com)
This silencing response leads to reduced levels of viral proteins, and in the case of cells infected with an RNA virus, viral sense or antisense genomes can also be targeted for degradation by siRNA. (moam.info)
Apart from proteins and lipids, SEVs contain RNAs, but how RNAs are selectively loaded into SEVs remains poorly understood. (izon.com)

Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of CNS neurons demonstrates the presence of these antibodies. (medscape.com)
Only one NPC with non-keratinizing morphology was scored as p16-positive (nuclear and cytoplasmic staining ≥ 70% of tumor cells). (elis.sk)
We recently developed a microfluidic system that enables the high-throughput sequencing of cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA with the physical fractionation of the RNA species via electrical lysis and isotachophoresis. (riken.jp)
The lack of restorer lines for the newly identified male-sterility led us to predict that it might be a complete cytoplasmic male-sterility without restorer-of-fertility genes in nuclear genomes. (springer.com)
Selection of nuclear genotypes associated with the thermo-sensitivity of Owen-type cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. (springer.com)

These junctions allow selective small ions and water-soluble molecules to pass through but exclude macromolecules like large peptides. (jove.com)
This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. (jove.com)
The kit is designed to specifically target, capture, and purify mRNA molecules from total RNA preparations. (thermofisher.com)
Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)

During our previous molecular studies of P. ovale in southern Vietnam ( 4 ), we found two field isolates whose partial sequences at the block 9 region ( 5 ) of the small subunit ribosomal RNA ( SSUrRNA ) genes had a deletion of 2 nt (G-G) and a substitution of 1 nt (C to T), when compared with the classic type, the Nigerian I/CDC strain ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
These nucleic acids are recognised as foreign by the innate immune system leading to their cytoplasmic detection and signalling of type I interferons leading to induction of interferon response genes. (qmul.ac.uk)

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread phenotype in plants, which present a defect in the production of functional pollen. (frontiersin.org)
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been characterized in over 140 natural species ( Laser and Lersten, 1972 ). (frontiersin.org)
Discovery of a novel cytoplasmic male-sterility and its restorer lines in radish (Raphanus sativus L. (springer.com)
Bannerot H, Loulidard L, Cauderon MY, Tempe J (1974) Transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility from Raphanus sativus to Brassica oleracea . (springer.com)
Brown GG, Formanova N, Jin H, Wargachuk R, Dendy C, Patil P, Laforest M, Zhang J, Cheung WY, Landry BS (2003) The radish Rfo restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide repeats. (springer.com)

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. (ucsc.edu)
The L3 protein is a component of the large subunit of cytoplasmic ribosomes. (nih.gov)
Ribosomes, the complexes that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. (nih.gov)
Protein-coding regions of the resulting RNAs are translated by ribosomes within the mitochondrion. (biomedcentral.com)
Apart from the ribosomal RNA, ribosomes also have protein s (about 40% by weight). (biologyonline.com)
Ribosomes are cytoplasmic particles essential in protein synthesis . (biologyonline.com)

This gene encodes a cytoplasmic ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. (ucsc.edu)
Complete DNA sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA ( SSUrRNA ) gene and partial sequences of three other loci were obtained from three variant-type and three classic-type Plasmodium ovale isolates from Southeast Asia and compared with GenBank-available data. (cdc.gov)
The ribosomal RNAs form two subunits, i.e. large subunit and small subunit. (biologyonline.com)

siRNA, small interfering RNA. (rupress.org)
Virus replication leads to the production of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), which triggers the RNA silencing response and robust production of siRNA. (moam.info)

The beads are then washed to remove contaminating RNA species, and then mRNA is eluted in as little as 5 µL of 10 mM Tris-HCl. (thermofisher.com)

An organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced. (enchantedlearning.com)
Changing the conditions for the transcription reactions allowed the identification of a processing pathway for the small ribosomal RNA species, and an RNA species from the region surrounding the origin of light-strand replication with novel electrophoretic properties. (caltech.edu)
Ribosomal RNA is a specialized RNA molecule present in the ribosome. (biologyonline.com)

A small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. (enchantedlearning.com)

Here we used an aptamer displacement screen to identify SecinH3, a small molecule antagonist of cytohesins. (nature.com)
RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
The mAb 1412 recognizes the cytoplasmic domain of the CD20 molecule. (biolegend.com)

This pathway is dependent on expression of LINE-1 elements, which can generate double-stranded RNAs that are sensed by cytoplasmic RIG-I like receptors leading to cells producing type I interferons. (qmul.ac.uk)

Fig. 4: Localization of transposon RNAs to cytoplasmic RGs. (nature.com)
We leverage our method to uncover the regulation of gene expression involving RNA localization and transport in single cells. (riken.jp)

Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) is a large family of endogenous, small noncoding RNAs with 20-25 nucleotides that have emerged as key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in mammals, bacteria, and plants [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Only polyadenylated RNA species (mRNA) are captured resulting in cleaner, more sensitive results (see figure). (thermofisher.com)
Furthermore, removal of unwanted RNA species from full length and fragmented RNA samples can be particularly challenging and can result in suboptimal performance. (qiagen.com)
QIAseq FastSelect can be used with RNA from fresh samples from many species of worm (dependent upon target rRNA sequence homology with C. elegans ), and delivers reliable rRNA removal and high reproducibility in downstream applications. (qiagen.com)

87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)

Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP. (eurekaselect.com)

RNAi is mediated by small (21- to 24-nucleotide [nt]) antisense RNAs that induce gene-specific silencing by virtue of complete or partial complementarity with their respective target mRNAs (2, 13, 72, 73, 75). (moam.info)

Small Extracellular Vesicle Enrichment of a Retrotransposon-Derived Double-Stranded RNA: A Means to Avoid Autoinflammation? (izon.com)
RNA folding analyses indicate that the motif is likely to form a long double-stranded RNA hairpin and, consistent with this, its overexpression was associated with induction of a potent type I interferon response. (izon.com)
Here we find that hundreds of LINE-1 elements represent a natural source of double-stranded RNAs, subject to RNA sensing. (qmul.ac.uk)
Interfering with expression of the HUSH complex may make cancers more immunogenic through the release of LINE-1 double-stranded RNAs to induce interferons and potentially increase anti-tumour immunity. (qmul.ac.uk)
With this work revealing LINE-1 elements to represent a natural source of double-stranded RNAs under regulation by the HUSH complex, we now hypothesise that this pathway may play a physiological role in normal potentiation of innate immune responses. (qmul.ac.uk)

Small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis. (enchantedlearning.com)

The best characterized of these small RNAs are small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). (moam.info)

Differential sensitivities of all three transcription events, synthesizing the rRNAs, mRNAs, and light-strand RNAs, was shown to exist to a small molecular weight factor(s) present in the cytoplasm, and the availability of energetic substrates. (caltech.edu)
80%), little has been known about the molecular profile of gemistocytic astrocytomas. (who.int)

The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA. (hindawi.com)
Though the means by which they are formed differ, both are incorporated into ribonucleoprotein complexes termed RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) and unwound, and the guide strand (complementary to an mRNA target) is selected to form the active or holo-RISC complex. (moam.info)

miRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide stem-loop precursors and subsequently processed by the cytoplasmic RNase-III type enzyme Dicer to generate ~22 nucleotide mature products which can target and modulate gene expression by inhibiting translation and/or inducing degradation of target mRNAs [ 4 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

The transcription of DNA and processing of RNA in mitochondria was investigated using isolated HeLa cell mitochondria. (caltech.edu)

This is a small RNA, roughly 53-61 nucleotides in length, that is processed from a much longer ncRNA called MALAT1 by an enzyme called RNase P. This RNA is expressed in many different human tissues, is highly conserved by evolution and shares a remarkable similarity to tRNA which is also produced by RNase P, yet this RNA is not aminoacylated in HeLa cells. (wikipedia.org)

2019. Dynamic expression of tRNA-derived small RNAs define cellular states. . (ncbs.res.in)
This is done through interacting with transfer RNA (tRNA) containing a complementary anticodon on one end and the appropriate amino acid on the other. (biologyonline.com)

Here we present a DNA nanomachine (70 nm × 70 nm × 12 nm) driven by the chemical energy of DNA-templated RNA-transcription-consuming nucleoside triphosphates as fuel to generate a rhythmic pulsating motion of two rigid DNA-origami arms. (bvsalud.org)

RNA-induced silencing is a potent innate antiviral defense strategy in plants, and suppression of silencing is a hallmark of pathogenic plant viruses. (moam.info)

Truncation of the human small heterodimer partner (SHP) promoter and deletion analyses revealed VDR-dependent inhibition of SHP, and mobility shift assays showed direct binding of VDR to enhancer regions of SHP. (nih.gov)
Fig. 2: RNA truncation caused by translation inhibition. (nature.com)

Bentolila S, Alfonso AA, Hanson MR (2002) A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile plants. (springer.com)

The Dynabeads™ mRNA Purification Kit contains magnetic beads for the isolation of the mRNA transcriptome from any total eukaryotic RNA preparation (see figure). (thermofisher.com)
Researchers using RNA-seq for whole transcriptome analysis can use QIAseq FastSelect -rRNA Worm Kits to remove all annotated rRNAs in RefSeq and Ensembl for Caenorhabditis elegans (worm). (qiagen.com)

RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)

Almost all cases of PEM with anti-Hu antibodies are related to small-cell lung carcinoma . (medscape.com)

2017. Cytoplasmic poly (A) binding protein (PABPC2) critically regulates epidermal maintenance and turnover in planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. . (ncbs.res.in)

The RNA silencing response to viral infection is so robust that all major groups of plant viruses examined to date, including those with DNA genomes, have been shown to encode one or more RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs) which act as pathogenicity determinants (4, 34). (moam.info)

The down-regulation of both VE-cadherin and p120ctn was confirmed in cultured endothelial cells using small interfering RNA to knockdown N-cadherin. (rupress.org)
QIAseq Stranded RNA Library Kits utilize unique dual indexing (UDIs) which enables multiplexing of up to 384 samples per flow cell lane on Illumina NGS instruments and mitigates index hopping on Illumina NovaSeq and Illumina patterned flow cells. (qiagen.com)
Cytoplasmic inclusions usually are present in cells infected with RNA viruses. (medscape.com)
The importance of RNA silencing to HSV-1 replication was confirmed by a significantly enhanced virus burst size in cells in which silencing was knocked down with small inhibitory RNAs directed to Argonaute 2, an integral component of the silencing complex. (moam.info)
Cells of hematopoietic origin are individual cells, mostly round in shape, and have a distinct cytoplasmic membrane. (vin.com)
The cell size can vary from small (basal cells) to very large (squamous epithelial cells). (vin.com)
Taken together, we propose that preferential loading into SEVs of the VL30 RNA containing this immunostimulatory motif enables cells to remove a potentially toxic RNA and avoid autoinflammation. (izon.com)
The anemia is usually normocytic or macrocytic, and a dimorphic (large and small) population of circulating cells can be present. (msdmanuals.com)
However, the two daughter cells are still connected by a narrow cytoplasmic bridge. (lu.se)

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. (ucsc.edu)
The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have. (ucsc.edu)

In contrast with P. falciparum and P. vivax , little is known about the patterns of genetic diversity in field isolates of P. ovale . (cdc.gov)

QIAseq FastSelect -rRNA Worm Kits ensure consistently high performance with RNA amounts ranging from as little as 1 ng up to 1 μg. (qiagen.com)

The intact organelles transcribe their DNA and process their RNA both qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the in vivo situation. (caltech.edu)

There is no need to perform any type of enrichment on the total RNA samples. (qiagen.com)

Removing highly expressed, but biologically unimportant RNA transcripts makes NGS more efficient and enables higher sample throughput with higher sensitivity. (qiagen.com)

RNA-Seq analysis revealed that more severe disease in line W was associated with significant up-regulation of pathways involved in inflammation, cytoskeletal regulation by Rho GTPases, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling, and Wnt signaling in the bursa compared to line 15I. (imperial.ac.uk)
Bioinformatic analysis revealed that exosome-enriched isoforms of VL30 RNA contain a repetitive 26-nucleotide motif. (izon.com)

While the original Wikipedia article that we import was (in most cases) generated from Rfam annotations, the Wikipedia article you see now may bear little resemblance to that original text. (rfam.org)

The protein can bind specifically to Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) 1 and 2. (ucsc.edu)

Transcription in eukaryotes is carried out by three main RNA polymerases: Pol I, II, and III. (mdpi.com)
The kinetics of replication and transcription (monitored by immunolabelling after incorporating bromodeoxyuridine or bromouridine) reveal that each genome replicates independently of others in a focus, and that newly-made RNA remains in a focus (residence half-time ~43 min) long after it has been made. (biomedcentral.com)

Researchers at Stanford University used such a method to produce amplified heterogeneous populations of RNA from limited quantities of cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
More recently, another group of researchers reported that they had developed a process for optimizing low- abundance RNA, by combining aRNA amplification with template- switching. (genomicglossaries.com)

Here, we suggest that plant transposon RNAs undergo frequent ribosome stalling caused by their unfavourable codon usage. (nature.com)

Prior to RNA heat fragmentation (which is optional and dependent upon the library preparation kit and sample type), QIAseq FastSelect removal reagent is directly combined with total RNA and the library preparation-specific buffers. (qiagen.com)

We recommend using QIAseq Stranded RNA Library Kits for robust strand-specific RNA-seq library preparation for high-quality and highly fragmented (FFPE) RNA. (qiagen.com)

In plants, which do not have a classical immune system, RNA silencing is an important antiviral defense strategy (9, 69). (moam.info)

Intriguingly, loss of N-cadherin caused a significant decrease in VE-cadherin and its cytoplasmic binding partner, p120ctn. (rupress.org)

Anatomy16

Organisms27

Diseases1

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Phenomena and Processes76

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