Moreover immobilized enzymes. Medical search. Frequent questions

An alternative to enzyme immobilization is whole cell immobilization. (wikipedia.org)
It is necessary to understand the chemical and physical effects on an enzyme following immobilization. (wikipedia.org)
Similarly, another crucial site for the functionality of an enzyme is the active-site, which should also be maintained while enzyme is being attached to a surface for immobilization, it is a must to have a selective method for the attachment of surface/material to not end up with an immobilized, but dysfunctional enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently, there are three foundational factors to be thought of for the production of functional immobilized enzymes: immobilization supports selection, conditions and methods of immobilization. (wikipedia.org)
There is no universal type of a support material to be used for the immobilization of all enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
One of the hardest processes before the immobilization process itself, is the selection of support material since it relies on the enzyme type , reaction of media, safety policy of hydrodynamic and reaction conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes can be immobilized by physical, or chemical methods including: A straightforward method for reversible immobilization, involving the enzymes being adsorbed or attached physically onto a support substance. (wikipedia.org)
This is an irreversible physical immobilization technique which can be considered as a physical restriction of enzyme in a specified area/space. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme immobilization on electrically conductive supports is necessary to improve their bioactivity and stability, for use and re-use in applications depending on bio-electrochemical response, such as in bioelectrodes, biosensors, or biofuel cells. (diva-portal.org)
The results showed that bioactivity and bio-electro-activity of immobilized GOx was promising in color removal of Remazol Blue RR reactive dye and its partial degradation from solution in both treatments, which proved the success of the chosen immobilization methods in producing bioactive textiles that can be used as electrodes for power generation and pollution control. (diva-portal.org)
During physical immobilization (pH 7.4), the effect of polyelectrolyte type on the activity of immobilized urease was compared between PEI and chitosan (CHI) cationic polyelectrolytes where urease was located either on top of the polyelectrolyte layer (AN69-PEI-URE or AN69-CHI-URE) or between two polyelectrolyte layers in a sandwiched form (AN69-PEI-URE-PEI or AN69-CHI-URE-CHI). (iyte.edu.tr)
CS-NPs were prepared via ionotropic gelation and used for the immobilization of GOx via approaches of covalent attachment (CA), enzyme coating (EC), enzyme precipitate coating (EPC), and magnetic nanoparticle-incorporated EPC (Mag-EPC). (korea.ac.kr)
Our purpose is to study the interplay between the diffusion process within the interparticle void space and immobilization process in the controlled‐pore glass particles onto the evolution of the (total and active) enzyme distributions. (uaeu.ac.ae)
A) Activation of the enzyme by suitable chemical reactions before immobilization on the carrier. (scirp.org)
In this work, the co-immobilization of formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and glycerol dehydrogenase (GlyDH) enzymes is proposed to reduce CO 2 into formic acid, an important chemical intermediate. (pucv.cl)
The promising results suggest a possible development of this procedure in enzyme immobilization and biocatalysis. (pucv.cl)
We tested enzyme resistance against diverse process-like and operating conditions such as heat resistance, contact with organic solvents, sterilization, storage and immobilization. (nature.com)
The immobilization process shifted the enzyme s optimum temperature from 65 °C for the free enzyme towards a wider temperature range from 60-80 °C by the immobilized enzyme. (magiran.com)
The immobilization on chitosan macrosphere enhanced half-life of AaCel9A enzyme. (magiran.com)
Amino modified mesoporous silica (SBA-15-NH 2 ) was prepared by hydrothermal method, which is a kind of excellent carrier for enzyme immobilization. (researchsquare.com)
Immobilization not only maintains the catalytic activity of the enzyme, but also increases the stability of the enzyme, which makes the enzyme reusable. (researchsquare.com)
We have demonstrated that a technique to count the amount of active enzyme in a catalyst preparation provides new insights into the best practices for enzyme immobilization (attachment of the enzyme to a solid support). (usda.gov)
Lipase immobilization is needed to conserve expensive enzyme in commercial processes. (usda.gov)
Furthermore, immobilization of enzyme increases the chances of re-usability. (go.jp)
By means of modifying the amino resin carrier with the cross-linking agent treated by the polymer, the enzyme immobilized on the amino resin carrier may easily form a network cross-linking, such that the immobilization effect of the enzyme is more stable, thereby the recycling efficiency of the enzyme is improved. (justia.com)

These features increase the compatibility of these biocatalysts with industrial processes and are continuously under consideration for developing efficient enzyme-based technologies. (nature.com)
In the last few years, synthesis of carrier-free immobilized biocatalysts by cross-linking of enzyme aggregates has appeared as a promising technique. (conicet.gov.ar)

Focus of this work was the development and characterization of a new immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) containing human recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) for the on-line kinetic characterization of specific, pseudo-irreversible and brain-targeted BChE inhibitors as potential drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease (AD). (nih.gov)
1993 ) Characterization of immobilized enzymes in polyurethane foams in a dynamic bed reactor. (academictree.org)

11. Organic-inorganic hybrid silica monolith based immobilized trypsin reactor with high enzymatic activity. (nih.gov)
15. Efficient proteolysis using a regenerable metal-ion chelate immobilized enzyme reactor supported on organic-inorganic hybrid silica monolith. (nih.gov)

Structural analysis of certain enzymes with neurologically important substrates suggests mutations that could maximize the stability and specificity. (ferris.edu)
Due to the specificity and selectivity of enzyme to substrates, the degradation process of pollutants can be simplified to a single pathway, reducing the production of by-products. (researchsquare.com)
Specific chromogenic substrates such as N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-para-nitroanilide (suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA) and suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-pNA were immobilized to glycine-cross-linked ethoxylate acrylate resins (Gly-CLEAR) by a carbodiimide reaction. (usda.gov)
Yet, increasing the amount of immobilized substrates on resin to ~20 mg had a response different than that of the soluble substrate for enzymatic assays. (usda.gov)

A simple and robust single enzyme biosensor was fabricated for triglyceride (TG) detection. (tubitak.gov.tr)

Ribose was first 5-acylated using isobutyric anhydride and an immobilized lipase enzyme. (chemistryviews.org)
In addition, to evaluate the effect of lipase enzyme levels on concentration changes during storage, we compared corresponding fasting and post-prandial plasma samples collected from 5 individuals. (cdc.gov)

Highly effective and minimally toxic antimicrobial agents have been prepared by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) onto biocompatible chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs). (korea.ac.kr)
EPC represents an approach consisting of enzyme covalent attachment, precipitation, and cross-linking, with CA and EC being control samples while Mag-EPC was prepared by mixing magnetic nanoparticles (Mag) with enzymes during the preparation of EPC. (korea.ac.kr)
Antioxidant enzymes immobilized on gold and silver nanoparticles enhance DNA repairing systems of rat skin after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. (medscape.com)
Design of enzyme-immobilized polymer brush-grafted magnetic nanoparticles for efficient nematicidal activity. (mpg.de)
21 ] immobilized laccase on zeolite (NZ) - graphene oxide (GO) composite nanoparticles as a carrier to prepare a novel nano biocatalyst for degradation of Direct Red 23 organic pollutants. (researchsquare.com)
16. Improved enzymatic assay for hydrogen peroxide and glucose by exploiting the enzyme-mimicking properties of BSA-coated platinum nanoparticles. (nih.gov)
18. Enzyme mimics of Au/Ag nanoparticles for fluorescent detection of acetylcholine. (nih.gov)
She then obtained her Ph.D. (2010) in chemistry from Penn State University under the guidance of Dr. Christine Keating focusing on the characterizations of biomolecules, such as enzymes, and nanoparticles as part of a larger effort to create a synthetic cell. (nih.gov)
thus, it was important to deposit discrete nanoparticles to maintain enzyme activity while depositing as much gold as possible to maximize enzyme coverage. (nih.gov)
To further enhance sensitivity, the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (ChO) were immobilized onto the gold nanoparticles at the previously determined optimal ratio (1:10 AChE/ChO) for most efficient sequential enzymatic activity. (nih.gov)

20 ] immobilized laccase on magnetic mesoporous silica microspheres and used it to treat coking wastewater. (researchsquare.com)
20. Amperometric determination of choline with enzyme immobilized in a hybrid mesoporous membrane. (nih.gov)
The polar surface of unmodified mesoporous, amorphous silica bound the lipase in such a manner that all of the immobilized enzyme was active. (usda.gov)

One potential application of such enzymes is in the treatment of food waste, which is rich in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that could potentially be recycled into other products such as biofuels. (news-medical.net)

A chemical sensor that is highly selective due to a specific enzyme incorporated into its structure. (wordinfo.info)

In this paper, immobilized laccase enzyme on nano zinc ferrite was used in order to decolorize disperse dyes from single and binary systems. (scirp.org)
According to the experimental results, the optimized immobilized laccase enzyme concentration, reaction time and pH for decolorization of DR60, DB56 and DY54 from single and binary systems were 500 mg/L (for DR60 and DY54) and 400 mg/L (for DB56), 20 min and 3, respectively. (scirp.org)
Finally, the results showed that enzymatic process using immobilized laccase enzyme on nano zinc ferrite was effective method to decolorize disperse dyes from single and binary systems. (scirp.org)
Free laccase enzyme (Denilite II S) was provided by Novo Nordisk Company. (scirp.org)
Layer-by-Layer-Assembled Laccase Enzyme on Stimuli-Responsive Membranes for Chloro-Organics Degradation. (nih.gov)
To offer bioinspired remediation as an alternative, we herein demonstrate a layer-by-layer approach to immobilize laccase enzyme onto pH-responsive functionalized membranes for the degradation of chloro-organics in water. (nih.gov)

10. Disposable, enzymatically modified printed film carbon electrodes for use in the high-performance liquid chromatographic-electrochemical detection of glucose or hydrogen peroxide from immobilized enzyme reactors. (nih.gov)

Comparison of the stability of the enzyme in the solution phase versus immobilized on the membrane phase showed a loss of some 65% of enzyme activity in the solution phase after 22 d, whereas the membrane-bound enzyme lost only a negligible percentage of the activity in a comparable time span. (nih.gov)

AaCel9A [β-1,4-endoglucanase, (E.C:3.2.1.4)], was immobilized onto glutaraldehyde activated chitosan macrosphere by covalent attachment. (magiran.com)

4. Acetylcholine and choline amperometric enzyme sensors characterized in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)

Enzyme stability and kinetic characteristics can be altered due to changes in the microenvironment conditions of the enzyme after entrapment, support material attachment, or products of enzymatic actions for instance. (wikipedia.org)
Two commercially available ultrafiltration membranes namely Poly (acrylonitrile-co-sodium methallyl sulfonate) copolymer (AN69) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) deposited AN69 membranes (AN69-PEI) were used as supporting materials on which urease is immobilized by means of physical adsorption using layer-by-layer self assembly method or chemical attachment using N-ethyl-N.-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and Nhydroxysuccinimide (NHS) coupling agents as a zero crosslinker. (iyte.edu.tr)
The results reveal that the amount of urease immobilized on AN69 membranes are similar and slightly higher than the amount adsorbed on the activated AN69 surface by chemical attachment (AN69-C-URE). (iyte.edu.tr)
Many of his consultancies where with companies with interests in the use of immobilized enzymes, and or in the attachment of enzymes. (rsc.org)
Hypotheses about the stabilization of enzymes by covalent attachmcnt to soluble polymers are to be tested in detail to isolate the effect of multi-point attachment from other factors known to affect enzyme stability including chemical modification, reduced proteolysis, diffusions] effects, and subunit dissociation. (inknowvation.com)
Two model enzyme systems have been selected based on criteria which will allow measurement of the effect of multi-point attachment alone. (inknowvation.com)
The purpose of the proposed work is directed toward the investigation of stabilization of enzymes by attachment to soluble polymers. (inknowvation.com)
Methods for the stabilization of enzymes by multi-point attachment to soluable polymers will be developed, with the emphasis on improving the scope of the technique with respect to the types of chemistry employed, the types of stabilizing molecules used, and the number of different enzymes to which the methods can be applied. (inknowvation.com)

The optimal conditions were as follows: free laccase (35℃, pH = 4.5), two-step immobilized laccase (40℃, pH = 4.0), one-step immobilized laccase (35℃, pH = 4.0). (researchsquare.com)

The first synthetic immobilized enzyme was made in the 1950s, performed by the inclusion of enzyme into polymeric matrices or binding onto carrier substances. (wikipedia.org)
Binding the enzyme to previously synthesized carrier materials for example is the mostly preferred method so far. (wikipedia.org)
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) present several interesting advantages over carrier-bound immobilized enzymes, such as highly concentrated enzymatic activity, high stability of the produced superstructure, important production costs savings by the absence of a support, and the fact that no previous purification of the enzyme is needed. (conicet.gov.ar)
The approach described is simple and can easily be extended to other CLEAs and also to carrier-bound immobilized enzymes for accurate determination of their retained activity. (conicet.gov.ar)
Quite surprisingly, the multiphase systems she studied for her Ph.D. turned out to provide a basis for bioreactors with a suspension of carrier particles with immobilized enzymes that can be perfused with blood to remove specific substances, such as heparin. (nih.gov)
The immobilized enzyme includes an enzyme and an amino resin carrier for immobilizing the enzyme, and the enzyme is selected from any one of the following enzymes: transaminase, ketoreductase, monooxygenase, ammonia-lyase, ene reductase, imine reductase, amino acid dehydrogenase, and nitrilase. (justia.com)

Hence, within the frame of this thesis, the use of eco-technologies such as cold remote plasma, a bio-compatible conductive (PEDOT:PSS) polymer coating, and a bio-based crosslinker "genipin" which has low toxicity, to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme on conductive carbon fiber-based nonwoven textiles was investigated. (diva-portal.org)
This study aimed to consider the activity of immobilized alpha-glycosidase, significant enzyme defined in serum glucose adjustment, on Pluronic (R) F127 micelles and to compare the results with theoretical molecular docking studies. (uludag.edu.tr)
Enzymes are used to hydrolyze lactose into glucose, which can then be used in other food manufacturing processes. (news-medical.net)

The use of enzymes within the industry is a prominent example of a biochemical process that can be applied to biotechnology, potentially offering an environmentally friendly and highly efficient alternative to traditional chemical synthesis. (news-medical.net)

Once these properties are maximized, the enzymes can be immobilized in electrodes and packaged as various types of sensors. (ferris.edu)
Typically, the enzyme used for enzymatic electrochemical sensors is applied in excess to maximize signal. (nih.gov)

As different types of support give different physical and chemical characteristics and properties, which would effect enzyme function, such as: Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface chemistry, and pore size. (wikipedia.org)
In order to determine experimentally the enzyme distribution profiles within a single particle, we construct a diffusion cell containing controlled‐pore glass particles such that the cell would mimic a large pellet support. (uaeu.ac.ae)
The immobilized enzymes are determined for a system of trypsin and controlled‐pore glass particles. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Insulin present in the test sample is bound with monoclonal antibody immobilized on a magnetic solid phase and enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibody in the AIA-PACK. (cdc.gov)
The magnetic beads are washed to remove unbound enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibody and are then incubated with a fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4MUP). (cdc.gov)

In vitro assessment of the immobilized mannanase enzyme against infection-causing Candida. (medscape.com)

Since the enzyme in this process does not interact chemically with the polymer/ material of the support fibers/lattice, it remains protected from denaturation with time. (wikipedia.org)
2009 ) Kinetic behavior of gel entrapped enzymes Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Symposia . (academictree.org)

The total amount of enzymes are determined by the amino acid analysis, and the active fraction is obtained by an active‐site titration. (uaeu.ac.ae)
The two enzymes were co-immobilized on clinoptilolite, previously hetero-functionalized with amino and glyoxyl groups. (pucv.cl)

It was also around this time that researchers began immobilizing the enzymes onto a solid substrate, allowing them to be recycled and reused without the high costs involved in the isolation and purification of large quantities of enzymes. (news-medical.net)
4. Complementary Fe(3+)- and Ti(4+)-immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography for purification of acidic and basic phosphopeptides. (nih.gov)

As adsorption is not a chemical reaction, the active site of the immobilized enzyme may be blocked by the matrix or bead, greatly reducing the activity of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
The AGH-plate showed an enzyme activity of 444 nU/well under an assayed condition at 37°C for 2 h using 0.3 mM 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-D- glucopyranoside as a fluorogenic substrate. (elsevierpure.com)
The stability and the activity of free enzyme are reduced in the presence of highly polluted wastewater. (scirp.org)
Furthermore, a great increase in the retained activity for the formate dehydrogenase enzyme was noted, passing from 18% to 89%, when the mesostructured clinoptilolite was used as support. (pucv.cl)
The immobilized whole-cell biocatalyst showed satisfactory activity and retained 37% of its original activity after three biotransformation cycles. (ac.rs)
Bacterial secreted materials from both Gram-negative and positive bacteria were harmless on Sso Pox-W263I activity and could reactivate heat-inactivated enzyme. (nature.com)
. As researchers began to unravel the mechanisms behind the observed activity of enzymes a wider range of uses were found, one prominent example being the discovery of penicillin acylase, an enzyme found in some bacteria, yeast, and fungi that facilitates the production of several antibiotic precursors. (news-medical.net)
The enzyme is able to retain its activity over 20 cycles of use, which though impressive, still forces manufacturers to utilize lower-cost stationary phases. (news-medical.net)
The properties of the immobilized AaCel9A were investigated by determining the optimum pH and optimum temperature for activity, thermal stability, and kinetic parameters. (magiran.com)
After 60 min, the immobilized and the free enzyme retained 75% and 40% their activity at 65 °C, respectively. (magiran.com)
The results showed that the activity of immobilized laccase by two-step method (2977.5 U/g) was much higher than that by one-step method (239.5 U/g). (researchsquare.com)
After five cycles of repeated reaction, the residual enzyme activity of two-step and one-step methods were 56% and 43% of the original. (researchsquare.com)
Measurements of the amount of lipase immobilized (bicinchoninic acid method) and the catalyst's tributyrin hydrolysis activity, coupled with a determination of the lipase's functional fraction by active-site titration with methyl 4-methylumbelliferyl hexylphosphonate, were made. (usda.gov)
In this context, this contribution presents results of an optimized procedure for the calculation of the activity retained by CLEAs, based on the comparison of their specific activity relative to their free enzyme counterparts. (conicet.gov.ar)
Enzymes which are immobilized on or in a variety of water-soluble or water-insoluble matrices with little or no loss of their catalytic activity. (nih.gov)

The determined active enzyme profile is found to be nonuniform one, and it represents about 40% of the total enzyme immobilized in the support particles. (uaeu.ac.ae)

To demonstrate the expandability of the EPC approach to other enzymes, bovine carbonic anhydrase was also employed to prepare EPC and Mag-EPC samples for their characterizations. (korea.ac.kr)

The protocol implies determination of precipitable protein content in commercial enzyme preparations through precipitation with ammonium sulphate and a protein co-feeder. (conicet.gov.ar)

The objective of this thesis study is to prepare active and stable urease (URE) immobilized membranes for the efficient removal of urea and to predict the performances of these membranes under pressure. (iyte.edu.tr)
The ultimate goal or the research is to develop a geineral procedure for producing exceptionally stable enzymes for a variety of applications.The potential commercial application as described by the awardee: Manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, food processing, and diagnostics are all industries that will be significantly benefited through the development ot'nicthods for stabilizing enzymes. (inknowvation.com)

The treatment of simulated wastewater containing 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by immobilized laccase was also studied. (researchsquare.com)
The results showed that the treatment efficiency of immobilized enzyme on coking wastewater was significantly higher than that of free enzyme. (researchsquare.com)

The much wider availability of enzymes produced in this way further encouraged the adoption of biotechnical synthesis methods throughout the 1970s and 80s, with, for example, recombinant chymosin replacing that sourced from calf stomachs in the production of cheese. (news-medical.net)
Selection of mutants bearing favorable qualities by humans followed by repeated error-prone PCR allowed the field of directed evolution to produce enzymes with much greater thermal and chemical stability, and when combined with the recombinant protein technology already developed, massively widened the useful application of enzymes in industry. (news-medical.net)

As discussed, enzymes generally have greater specificity, lower energy thresholds, and better environmental stability than comparable synthetic chemical catalysts. (news-medical.net)

High enantiomeric excess is the advantage of enzymatic method, resulting from the inherent selectivity of the enzyme. (go.jp)

Since the emergence of directed evolution and the beginning of the third wave of biocatalysis, enzymes have gained considerable interest for biotechnological purposes 1 . (nature.com)

8. Design and synthesis of an immobilized metal affinity chromatography and metal oxide affinity chromatography hybrid material for improved phosphopeptide enrichment. (nih.gov)
Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) enzymes are widely used for the synthesis of chirally pure enantiomers because of their stereoselectivities which can satisfy the growing demand for obtaining optically active compounds. (go.jp)

Different factors such as highly polluted waste water and mediator-by products have significant effect on decreasing of stability and catalytic ability of free enzyme. (scirp.org)

Under dynamic conditions, the hydraulic permeabilities of the commercial and urease immobilized membranes were found similar and the highest urea conversion was achieved with the AN69-PEI-URE-PEI membrane. (iyte.edu.tr)

Enzymes are bio-catalysts which play an essential role in the enhancement of chemical reactions in cells without being persistently modified, wasted, nor resulting in the loss of equilibrium of chemical reactions. (wikipedia.org)

Chitosan (CHIT) was eventually used to create film on the bioelectrode and retain the immobilized enzyme. (tubitak.gov.tr)

Specifically, a rBChE-IMER containing 0.99 U of covalently bound target enzyme was purposely developed and inserted into a HPLC system connected to a UV-vis detector. (nih.gov)
Each enzyme will be covalently attached through its lysine residues to two different activated, soluble polymers. (inknowvation.com)

(iv) Immobilized enzyme is an enzyme attached by means of covalent or non-covalent bonds to an inert, insoluble material (silica, carbon-based, hydroxyapatite, synthetic and biopolymers etc. (assignmentexpert.com)
1. Organic-inorganic hybrid silica monolith based immobilized titanium ion affinity chromatography column for analysis of mitochondrial phosphoproteome. (nih.gov)
2. Fe3+ immobilized metal affinity chromatography with silica monolithic capillary column for phosphoproteome analysis. (nih.gov)

It also lets enzymes be held in place throughout the reaction, following which they are easily separated from the products and may be used again - a far more efficient process and so is widely used in industry for enzyme catalysed reactions. (wikipedia.org)
As a highly efficient biocatalyst with extensive adaptability, enzyme can catalyze reaction under mild reaction conditions, to decompose pollutants. (researchsquare.com)

3. Facile preparation of monolithic immobilized metal affinity chromatography capillary columns for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides. (nih.gov)
7. Preparation of monodisperse immobilized Ti(4+) affinity chromatography microspheres for specific enrichment of phosphopeptides. (nih.gov)
18. Preparation of Polypropylene Spin Tips Filled with Immobilized Titanium(IV) Ion Monolithic Adsorbent for Robust Phosphoproteome Analysis. (nih.gov)

Adsorption can take place through weak non-specific forces, such as van der waals, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions, whereas in ionic bonding the enzymes are bound through salt linkages. (wikipedia.org)
Adsorption on glass, alginate beads or matrix: Enzyme is attached to the outside of an inert material. (wikipedia.org)
1994 ) Adsorption and biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by polyurethane-immobilized flavobacterium. (academictree.org)

α-Glucosidase (AGH) from the small intestine of rat was immobilized onto a glutaradehyde (GA) activated NH 2 -96 well microplate to establish a convenient and rapid AGH inhibition assay system. (elsevierpure.com)

The initial enzyme assays entailed reacting the substrate-resin (from 1 mg to 5 mg) with 1 unit of elastase. (usda.gov)
The resin-released conjugate of the elastase substrate, which has an increased dose response with increasing enzyme units ranging from 2 to 6 units was supported by visible absorbance. (usda.gov)

Kinetic study of enzymes immobilized by occlusion in hydroxyethyl methacrylate gels. (academictree.org)

The inhibition profiles from some phenolic molecules were observed impressively with IC50 values between 20.47 and 1118.68 nM and K-i values between 18.51 and 1087.53 nM against immobilized alpha-glycosidase. (uludag.edu.tr)

Expanded use of enzymes in the manufacture of vegetable oil-derived consumer and industrial products could be achieved by developing more durable and lower cost catalysts (enzyme and its support material). (usda.gov)

Additionally, it is important to consider maintaining the tertiary structure of an enzyme prior to immobilizing to have a functional enzyme. (wikipedia.org)

Conventional clarification processes aim to eliminate the insoluble solids and destroy pectic substances by degrading pectin and starch with specific enzymes, flocculating cloudiness with clarifying agents (bentonite, gelatine and/or silicasol) (Grampp, 1977) and filtering through plate and frame or vacuum Oliver-type filters. (scielo.br)
On the other hand, the main bottleneck of enzyme-based biocatalytic processes is the high cost of the single use of the enzyme. (frontiersin.org)

For a support material to be ideal, it must be hydrophilic, inert towards enzymes, biocompatible, microbial attack and compression resistant, and must be affordable. (wikipedia.org)

Furthermore, a thermal stability test at 50 °C was carried out on both enzymes, in free and immobilized forms. (pucv.cl)
The immobilized enzyme showed higher thermal stability than the free form. (magiran.com)
The pH adaptation range of immobilized enzyme was wider, and the thermal stability was greatly enhanced. (researchsquare.com)

The distribution of the enzymes was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy analysis. (pucv.cl)

Newly, the procedure of cross-linking of crystals of enzyme is also considered as an exciting substitute. (wikipedia.org)

The total and active immobilized enzyme (IME) distributions in porous supports are studied both theoretically and experimentally. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Several parameters such as enzyme concentration, pH and dye concentration and their effect on decolorization of dyes from single and binary systems were studied. (scirp.org)
The amount of enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibody that binds to the beads is directly proportional to the insulin concentration in the test sample. (cdc.gov)

Immobilization25

Biocatalysts2

Characterization2

Reactor2

Substrates4

Biosensor1

Lipase enzyme2

Nanoparticles10

Mesoporous3

Proteins1

Specific enzyme1

Laccase enzyme6

Reactors1

Stability of the enzyme1

Covalent attachment1

Choline1

Attachment8

Free laccase1

Carrier6

Glucose3

Biotechnology1

Sensors2

Pore3

Magnetic2

Vitro1

Polymer2

Amino2

Purification2

Activity15

Active enzyme1

Carbonic anhydrase1

Determination1

Stable2

Wastewater2

Recombinant2

Specificity1

Selectivity1

Biocatalysis1

Synthesis2

Catalytic1

Membranes1

Chemical1

Chitosan1

Covalently2

Silica3

Reaction2

Preparation3

Adsorption3

Assay1

Resin2

Kinetic1

Inhibition1

Catalysts1

Functional1

Processes2

Biocompatible1

Thermal3

Fluorescence1

Procedure1

Supports1

Concentration2