This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
In Enhancing Evolution, leading bioethicist John Harris dismantles objections to genetic engineering, stem-cell research, designer babies, and cloning and makes an ethical case for biotechnology that is both forthright and rigorous. (philpapers.org)
Ethical1
The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
Genetic2
c) Stresses the need for pastoral counselling for individuals faced with difficult reproductive choices as well as personal and family decisions resulting from genetic information concerning themselves or others. (wcc2013.info)
Human enhancement, Harris argues, is a good thing--good morally, good for individuals, good as social policy, and good for a genetic heritage that needs serious improvement. (philpapers.org)
Research1
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)
Animal1
Stem cell technology in humans derives from earlier and complementary work in animal studies. (edu.au)
Nature1
Critical theological questions concerning the nature of human life, and the meaning of the "integrity of creation" need concentrated exploration. (wcc2013.info)
Morally2
Notwithstanding the general agreement that human reproductive cloning is morally reprehensible and should be banned, there are intense disagreements on the use of cloning technology for research purposes (e.g., for the development of patient-specific hESC therapies). (notabene-bg.org)
But human cloning, per se, is 'intrinsically morally flawed,' according to Albert Moraczewski, a scientist and a theologian with the National Conference of Catholic Bishops. (nih.gov)
Therapeutic1
Along the way we must reduce the emotional valence of phrases such as "therapeutic cloning" and "destruction of embryos. (jci.org)
Genetically3
In this way we obtain a number of genetically identical embryos, all of which have their source in the original fertilized egg. (medethics.org.il)
These embryos are implanted in the uteri of several cows, which later give birth to genetically identical calves. (medethics.org.il)
In that sense, the ability to clone genetically equivalent human beings brings into sharp focus a fundamental theological tenet: that human beings are not reducible to their physical beings. (nih.gov)
Scientists4
Scientists stress that cloning is an assisted reproduction technique that does not involve any transfer or alteration of genes through GE. (congressionalresearch.com)
Scientists quickly dismissed Clonaid's claim of successful reproductive cloning as improbable and groundless, since at the time even most technologically advanced labs had not succeeded in producing a viable cloned human embryo. (notabene-bg.org)
More ambivalence was expressed by most of the scientists, theologians, and ethicists hastily gathered to help the commissioners meet the request from President Bill Clinton delivered only weeks earlier: to produce a set of policy recommendations on the issue of research related to human cloning. (nih.gov)
Scientists fear CRISPR will be misused to make "designer babies" by altering eggs, embryos or sperm-changes that can be passed on to future generations. (frogheart.ca)
HESC4
Many in the international scientific community believe that the promise of stem cell-based studies or therapies will be realized only if we can derive new human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines. (jci.org)
The framing of hESC research as a moral issue closely related to human cloning played a significant role in sustaining the public controversy on both sides of the Atlantic. (notabene-bg.org)
In the early years of hESC research, public fears were fueled by media hype and news stories about cloned human babies (Scott, 2006). (notabene-bg.org)
Public statements and media releases by opponents of hESC research not only blurred the differences between cloning for reproductive purposes and research cloning, but also questioned the latter's viability for the production of hESC therapies. (notabene-bg.org)
Activists2
In America, Christian activists and anti-cloning advocacy groups spread misconceptions that research cloning involved making cloned human babies, rather than innovative stem cell therapies. (notabene-bg.org)
They were animal rights activists, and their message, that 'cloning is baaad,' was unequivocal. (nih.gov)
Procreation2
Religious made appeals for an anti-cloning ban by representing all types of cloning as a giant step toward turning human procreation into manufacture. (notabene-bg.org)
Human procreation, he said, ought to be the result of the 'sex act between two committed partners,' not a 'technology that eliminates the need for the male. (nih.gov)
Identical1
Ironically, although the terror of cloning lies largely in a perceived loss of individuality, in truth, cloned individuals would be no more alike than identical twins - and even less so, several speakers noted, since mitochondrial and intrauterine factors would be different, not to mention inputs and responses after birth. (nih.gov)
Involves1
At the present time, the production of new cell lines involves destruction of preimplantation embryos at the 100-200 cell (blastocyst) stage. (jci.org)
Chromosomes2
In order to understand this scientific innovation let us first clarify the following information: male and female gametes (those cells responsible for reproduction, i.e., sperm and ova) each contain half of the DNA complement, which in humans consists of 23 chromosomes. (medethics.org.il)
Previous work using CRISPR in mouse embryos and other kinds of human cell had already demonstrated that editing chromosomes can cause large, unwanted effects 4,5 . (frogheart.ca)
Scientific1
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is expanding and accelerating its contributions to scientific knowledge of human health and the environment, and to the health and well-being of people everywhere. (nih.gov)
Beings4
Transhumanists hope that by responsible use of science, technology, and other rational means we shall eventually manage to become post-human, beings with vastly greater capacities than present human beings have. (nickbostrom.com)
A ban on cloning as a means of producing live born human beings will prove to be unenforceable unless it also bans cloning for any other purpose - including the use of cloning to produce human embryos as sources of stem cells or for other experimentation. (notabene-bg.org)
Reflecting Roman Catholicism, Boston College theologian Lisa Cahill warned against 'conscienceless science,' the 'irresistible attraction of research prestige,' and profiteering from human beings as a commodity. (nih.gov)
In the event that children ever result from cloning, admonished Nancy Duff, of the Princeton Theological Seminary, 'it is imperative to assume they are the same human beings as the rest of us. (nih.gov)
Research7
NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
Should blastocysts be protected under the same laws that govern research on human subjects? (jci.org)
The conservative minority on the Council strongly advocated a nationwide ban on both reproductive and research cloning. (notabene-bg.org)
She said she did not 'rule out completely the morality of cloning research,' which she considered acceptable if the potential benefits are compelling. (nih.gov)
Cloning research could be a tool for healing - or for exploitation. (nih.gov)
If human embryo editing for reproductive purposes or germline editing were space flight, the new data are the equivalent of having the rocket explode at the launch pad before take-off," says Fyodor Urnov, who studies genome editing at the University of California, Berkeley, but was not involved in any of the latest research. (frogheart.ca)
Ledford's article offers some description and analysis of each of the three papers.Note: All of the research was done with nonviable embryos. (frogheart.ca)
Developments2
2 Other transhumanist themes include space colonization and the possibility of creating superintelligent machines, along with other potential developments that could profoundly alter the human condition. (nickbostrom.com)
The FDA also concluded that cloning poses the same risks to animal health as those found in animals created through other assisted reproductive technologies - although the frequency of such problems is higher in cloning. (congressionalresearch.com)
Technology2
It promotes an interdisciplinary approach to understanding and evaluating the opportunities for enhancing the human condition and the human organism opened up by the advancement of technology. (nickbostrom.com)
Transhumanism has roots in secular humanist thinking, yet is more radical in that it promotes not only traditional means of improving human nature, such as education and cultural refinement, but also direct application of medicine and technology to overcome some of our basic biological limits. (nickbostrom.com)
Potential3
This affirmation of human potential is offered as an alternative to customary injunctions against playing God, messing with nature, tampering with our human essence, or displaying punishable hubris. (nickbostrom.com)
Other potential negative outcomes include widening social inequalities or a gradual erosion of the hard-to-quantify assets that we care deeply about but tend to neglect in our daily struggle for material gain, such as meaningful human relationships and ecological diversity. (nickbostrom.com)
Potential human health applications of transgenic animals include producing biopharmaceuticals and generating organs, tissues, and cells for xenotransplantation. (congressionalresearch.com)
Rational1
He suspected that cloning is different not only in degree but in kind from other reproductive technologies and that cloned individuals might be designated 'another rational species,' a concept that inspired a blanket rejection from another Protestant thinker. (nih.gov)
Emotional1
The enhancement options being discussed include radical extension of human health-span, eradication of disease, elimination of unnecessary suffering, and augmentation of human intellectual, physical, and emotional capacities. (nickbostrom.com)
Means1
Therefore the agricultural method of cloning by means of a fertilized egg did not represent a substantial innovation. (medethics.org.il)
Cell2
During the last decade, cloning of animals has been carried out using the following method: the egg from a cow (or other female animal) is fertilized in a test tube with a sperm cell of a bull (or other male animal). (medethics.org.il)
But it was important to demonstrate the work in human embryos as well, says Urnov, because different cell types might respond to genome editing differently. (frogheart.ca)
Birth1
Despite Clonaid and other human cloning advocates' claims, the birth of Eve and cloned human babies had never been verified independently. (notabene-bg.org)
Animals2
There is no reason to think that the human mode of being is any more free of limitations imposed by our biological nature than are the modes of being of other animals. (nickbostrom.com)
and S. 536/H.R. 1396, to prohibit food from cloned animals from being labeled as organic. (congressionalresearch.com)
General1
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released two documents in 2008 that renewed public and congressional interest in animal biotechnology in general and animal cloning in particular. (congressionalresearch.com)
Tool1
A suite of experiments that use the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 to modify human embryos have revealed how the process can make large, unwanted changes to the genome at or near the target site . (frogheart.ca)
Process1
An electric shock started the process of division and the creation of the embryo from the egg. (medethics.org.il)
Version1
The Senate-passed version of the 2007-2008 farm bill would have delayed the FDA final risk assessment and continued the marketing moratorium until completion of newly mandated studies on the safety and on the market impacts of introducing such products. (congressionalresearch.com)
Ability1
Just as chimpanzees lack the brainpower to understand what it is like to be human, so too do we lack the practical ability to form a realistic intuitive understanding of what it would be like to be post-human. (nickbostrom.com)
Medical1
Roman Catholic, Protestant, Judaic, and Islamic scholars interpreted the morality of cloning from their respective traditions, as did medical ethicists and legal experts. (nih.gov)