• Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus limon). (wikipedia.org)
  • More knowledge is required on the functional and allelic diversity of terpene synthase (TPS) genes responsible for the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes to assist in flavour-directed hop breeding. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two aspects of the biosynthesis of the non-canonical terpene synthase for 2-methylisoborneol have been studied. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • As a result of the WGD, key genes involved in monoterpene biosynthesis, such as HMGR , 1,8-cineole synthase, and limonene synthase, underwent tandem duplication and double punctuation. (authorea.com)
  • Limonene synthase experienced a nonpolar mutation that favored structural diversity in monoterpene biosynthesis, while 1,8-cineole synthase underwent a polar mutation that favored 1,8-cineole(eucalyptol) accumulation. (authorea.com)
  • Geranyl diphosphate synthase (PbGDPS) is the key enzyme that converts precursors for monoterpene biosynthesis. (springeropen.com)
  • A great number of light-responsive, HY5-interacting, and circadian-responsive elements was enriched on the promoters of both structural genes and transcription factors for monoterpene biosynthesis. (springeropen.com)
  • Taken together, both circadian clock and light factors had positive effects on orchid floral scent emission, and the regulation resided on the control of both structural genes and transcription factors for monoterpene biosynthesis. (springeropen.com)
  • We aimed to develop a high-throughput functional metagenomic screening system for identifying novel terpene synthases from bacterial metagenomes by relieving the toxicity of terpene biosynthesis precursors to the Escherichia coli host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional identification and differential expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and other MEP pathway genes in induced terpenoid resin formation of Norway spruce (Picea abies). (mpg.de)
  • These results showed that the differential expression of the terpene synthase genes determines the respective chemotype. (uni-halle.de)
  • The results suggest that the formation of the chemotypes is controlled by the DNA-methylation patterns of the promoter region of the terpene synthase genes. (uni-halle.de)
  • Utilising the published H. lupulus genome, 87 putative full-length and partial terpene synthase genes were identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HlRLS alleles produced ( R )-(-)-linalool, whilst alleles of two sesquiterpene synthase genes, HlAFS1 and HlAFS2 produced α-farnesene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bioinformatics Analysis of Casbene Synthase Genes in Different Plants[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(4): 605-612. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • The relative levels of specific terpenes in the glandular trichomes of each cultivar were correlated with the levels of transcripts for eight genes encoding distinct terpene synthases. (myspecies.info)
  • All cultivars produced the monoterpene β-myrcene and the sesquiterpenes α-humulene and β-caryophyllene, but the quantities varied broadly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bouquets of different monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are important components of cannabis resin as they define some of the unique organoleptic properties and may also influence medicinal qualities of different cannabis strains and varieties. (pacb.com)
  • Monoterpenes are composed of two isoprene units, sesquiterpenes have three, and diterpenes have four. (cannabissciencetech.com)
  • The relative levels of geranyl diphosphate synthase and farnesyl diphosphate synthase activities did not correlate with the total amount of terpenes produced, but showed some correlation with the ratio of monoterpenes to sesquiterpenes. (myspecies.info)
  • γ-Terpinene synthase (EC 4.2.3.114, OvTPS2, ClcTS) is an enzyme with systematic name geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, γ-terpinene-forming). (wikipedia.org)
  • A geraniol synthase-LIS hybrid gene was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein catalyzed the formation of both geraniol and (R)-linalool from geranyl diphosphate. (myspecies.info)
  • α-helix was the dominant secondary structure constructional element of the 13 proteins which contained two terpenoid synthases function domains. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • Through 454 and GS-flex sequencing of trichome cDNAs of wild tomatoes we identified the corresponding terpenoid synthases. (uva.nl)
  • cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of four new monoterpene synthase members of the Tpsd gene family from grand fir (Abies grandis). (mpg.de)
  • In higher plants, the isomeric C5 isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) is synthesized in 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, and is used as the precursor of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) by GGPP synthase gene, GGPPS. (researchsquare.com)
  • In a cultivar that synthesizes mostly geraniol, transcripts of geraniol synthase were the most abundant, but the glands of this cultivar also contained a transcript of an (R)-LIS gene with a 1-base insertion that caused a frameshift mutation. (myspecies.info)
  • Recent genomics investigations have predicted a large untapped reservoir of bacterial terpene synthases residing in the genomes of uncultivated organisms living in the soil, indicating a vast array of putative terpenoids waiting to be discovered. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The combination of structural and mechanistic insights advances the knowledge of intricate terpene synthase-catalyzed reactions. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • Rational conversion of substrate and product specificity in a Salvia monoterpene synthase: structural insights into the evolution of terpene synthase function. (mpg.de)
  • Phalaenopsis bellina and its closely related species, P. violacea , emit linalool, geraniol and their derivatives as the predominant monoterpenes at the full-bloom stages. (springeropen.com)
  • The floral scent profiles of P. bellina are dictated by monoterpenes, including linalool and geraniol and their derivatives (Hsiao et al. (springeropen.com)
  • In a cultivar that produces mostly (R)-linalool, transcripts of (R)-linalool synthase (LIS) were the most abundant of these eight. (myspecies.info)
  • Surface glandular trichomes distributed throughout the aerial parts of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) produce and store monoterpene, sesquiterpene, and phenylpropene volatiles. (myspecies.info)
  • Three distinct basil chemotypes were used to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergence in their monoterpene and sesquiterpene content. (myspecies.info)
  • This was recently followed up by the identification and characterization of all terpene synthases in tomato. (uva.nl)
  • Furthermore, the substrate scope of the 2-methylisoborneol synthase was investigated through enzyme incubations with several substrate analogs, giving access to two C12 monoterpenoids. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Isolated terpene synthases from all chemotypes have been studied. (uni-halle.de)
  • Our functional metagenomic screening of human fecal metagenomes yielded a novel β-farnesene synthase, which does not show amino acid sequence similarity to known β-farnesene synthases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A unique functional metagenomic screening procedure was established for screening terpene synthases from metagenomic libraries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4.Kirby J,Nishimoto M,Park J G,et al.Cloning of casbene and neocembrene synthases from Euphorbiaceae plants and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J].Phytochemistry,2010,71(13):1466-1473. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • We report the three-dimensional structure of cyclolavandulyl diphosphate (CLPP) synthase (CLDS), which consecutively catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) followed by cyclization to form a cyclic monoterpene, CLPP. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • Its maximal expression is concomitant with the peak emission of monoterpenes at the full-bloom stage (day 5 post anthesis, D + 5) (Hsiao et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The CLDS structure and structure-based mutagenesis provide mechanistic insights into this unprecedented terpene synthase. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • With yeast-1-hybrid we have identified a transcription factor that specifically can upregulate certain terpene synthases in the glandular trichomes of tomato. (uva.nl)
  • Here, we explore the catalytic reaction pathways of both product-promiscuous and product-specific santalene synthases (i.e. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 1: The product-promiscuous and product-specific santalene synthases. (nature.com)
  • Besides the monoterpenes being synthesized in concert with floral development stages, we noticed that the scent emission of P. bellina and P. violacea was detected mainly in the daytime. (springeropen.com)
  • Several 2-methylisoborneol synthases have a proline-rich N-terminal domain of unknown function. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, constant dark diminished the scent emission levels, indicating that light also affects monoterpene emission in P. violacea . (springeropen.com)
  • The total amounts of terpenes were correlated with total levels of terpene synthase activities, and negatively correlated with levels of phenylpropanoids and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity. (myspecies.info)
  • Bacterial trans -acyltransferase polyketide synthases ( trans -AT PKSs) are among the most complex known enzymes from secondary metabolism and are responsible for the biosynthesis of highly diverse bioactive polyketides. (nature.com)
  • Helfrich, E. J. & Piel, J. Biosynthesis of polyketides by trans -AT polyketide synthases. (nature.com)
  • Monoterpene biosynthesis in lemon (Citrus limon). (wikipedia.org)
  • Chimeras of two isoprenoid synthases catalyze all four coupling reactions in isoprenoid biosynthesis. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • In addition to boosting precursor supply, highly efficient terpene synthases represent a crucial "pulling" step for biosynthesis of target products with high yield. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Geranyl diphosphate synthase (PbGDPS) is the key enzyme that converts precursors for monoterpene biosynthesis. (springeropen.com)
  • A great number of light-responsive, HY5-interacting, and circadian-responsive elements was enriched on the promoters of both structural genes and transcription factors for monoterpene biosynthesis. (springeropen.com)
  • Taken together, both circadian clock and light factors had positive effects on orchid floral scent emission, and the regulation resided on the control of both structural genes and transcription factors for monoterpene biosynthesis. (springeropen.com)
  • Monoterpene biosynthesis potential of plant subcellular compartments. (cmdm.tw)
  • Geraniol is an acyclic monoterpene alcohol present in the essential oil of many aromatic plants and is one of the most frequently used molecules by the flavor and fragrance industries. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Monoterpenes such as limonene and perillyl alcohol have been shown to prevent mammary, liver, lung, and'other cancers. (nih.gov)
  • 2. Efficacy of monoterpene perillyl alcohol upon survival rate of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. (nih.gov)
  • IdsA is the major geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase involved in carotenogenesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum", FEBS Journal , vol. 281, 2014, pp. 4906-4920. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Tropical forests absorb large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) through photosynthesis, but elevated temperatures suppress this absorption while promoting biochemical emissions of monoterpene. (energy.gov)
  • Type I terpene synthases (TPSs) activate these acyclic molecules by the abstraction of diphosphate to produce a reactive allyl cation that can initiate a cascade reaction through typical carbocation chemistry, including cyclisation reactions by intramolecular attack of an olefinic double bond to the cationic centre Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements, and proton or hydride migrations [2] . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Isoprene-formally a hemiterpene-and selected examples of monoterpenes (which consist of two isoprene units), sesquiterpenes (1.5 terpene, i.e., 3 isoprene units as in farnesene, contained in agro-industrial wastes, and β-carophyllene), a diterpinol (retinol, also known as vitamin A1), a triterpene (squalene, precursor to steroid hormones) and a tetraterpene (α-carotene) are shown. (aramram.tv)
  • Most of the perennial plant species, particularly trees, emit volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) such as isoprene and monoterpenes, which in several cases have been demonstrated to protect against thermal shock and more generally against oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
  • This is mainly due to temperature-dependent activation of isoprene synthase [ 5 ] which, in the presence of adequate substrate availability, enhances synthesis of the volatile molecule. (hindawi.com)
  • Plant monoterpenes are hypothesized to be involved in thermotolerance of photosynthesis, but observations are scarce and global models assume that tropical monoterpene emissions are dominated by α -pinene. (energy.gov)
  • Given their high reactivity to both atmospheric and biological oxidants, the results suggest that monoterpenes play important roles in the thermotolerance of photosynthesis by functioning as effective antioxidants within plants and as efficient atmospheric precursors of secondary organic aerosols, thereby enhancing surface cooling and water recycling. (energy.gov)
  • The structure of bacterial selina-4(15),7(11)-diene synthase (SdS) and its comparison to other TPS structures revealed that this helix break motif is a general feature of type I TPSs [11] . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Improving phenolic total content and monoterpene in Mentha x piperita by using salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate combined with Rhizobacteria inoculation. (mpg.de)
  • The monoterpenes of P. violacea flowers displayed a diurnal emission pattern, which was regulated by an internal oscillator in the treatment of constant light. (springeropen.com)
  • The sesterterpene synthase SmTS1 from Streptomyces mobaraensis contains several unusual residues in positions that are otherwise highly conserved. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • A helix G break first observed in tobacco 5- epi -aristolochene synthase with a nearby main chain carbonyl group stabilises the allyl cation of the ionised substrate [9] . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Utilization of an intermediate of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway, (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate, as the prenyl donor substrate for various prenyltransferases. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Its maximal expression is concomitant with the peak emission of monoterpenes at the full-bloom stage (day 5 post anthesis, D + 5) (Hsiao et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Phenylacetaldehyde synthase 2 does not contribute to the constitutive formation of 2-phenylethyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside in poplar. (mpg.de)
  • This article gives rational explanations for these findings that may generally allow for protein engineering of other terpene synthases to improve their catalytic efficiency or to change their functions. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • The monoterpenes have several cellular and molecular activities that could potentially underlie their positive therapeutic index. (nih.gov)
  • While the amino acid sequences of two TPSs can strongly deviate, their overall structures are very similar and constitute an α-helical fold that was first described for the FPP synthase (FPPS) from chicken ( Gallus gallus ) [10] . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Using 13 CO 2 labeling, this study shows that monoterpene emissions from tropical leaves derive from recent photosynthesis and demonstrate distinct temperature optima for five groups, potentially corresponding to different enzymatic temperature-dependent reaction mechanisms within β-ocimene synthases. (energy.gov)
  • It is likely that monoterpenes prevent mammary cancer during their progression stage by mechanisms similar to those that occur during therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Nitric Oxide Synthase 2, Inducible from Mouse in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (novosides.eu)
  • Monoterpenes are found in the essential oils of many plants including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. (nih.gov)
  • Given the vast variety of terpenoids, it is anticipated that the exact architecture of the active site cavity is strictly defined in specific synthases [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Engineering of Recombinant Poplar Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Synthase (PtDXS) by Site-Directed Mutagenesis Improves Its Activity. (cmdm.tw)
  • Antifungal activity is via inhibition of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase production of BETA-GLUCANS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Thus, monoterpene composition may represent a new sensitive thermometer of leaf oxidative stress and atmospheric reactivity, and therefore a new tool in future studies of warming impacts on tropical biosphere-atmosphere carbon cycle feedbacks. (energy.gov)
  • As monoterpene emissions increased with temperature, the composition shifted such that highly reactive monoterpenes accounted for a larger fraction of the total under high-temperature stress. (energy.gov)
  • The microbial platform for germacrene A production was previously established in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the germacrene A synthase (LTC2) of Lactuca sativa . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The scientists found a high-temperature sensitivity of the composition of tropical leaf monoterpene emissions across a wide range of temporal (minutes to seasons) and spatial (leaf to ecosystem) scales. (energy.gov)
  • 5. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and methionine synthase A2756G polymorphisms influence on leukocyte genomic DNA methylation level. (nih.gov)