• Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar ), is an important carbohydrate in biology . (wikidoc.org)
  • A polysaccharide (PS) is a carbohydrate that was primarily produced by bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and streptomycetes. (springeropen.com)
  • Based on the number of carbon atoms, a carbohydrate can be classified as triose (3 C), tetrose (4 C), pentose (5 C), and hexose (6 C). The suffix " ose " at the end of a biochemical name flags the molecule as a "sugar. (oregonstate.education)
  • Monosaccharides are the simplest forms of carbohydrate. (oregonstate.education)
  • Describe the molecular structure of alph-glucose as an example of a monosaccharide carbohydrate. (studymode.com)
  • The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Oligosaccharides are polymers with two to ten monosaccharide units. (studiousguy.com)
  • A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • A disaccharide comprises two linked monosaccharides and is the most basic type of polysaccharide. (javatpoint.com)
  • Simple sugars are also subdivided into aldose, a sugar that contains an aldehyde structure, or ketose, a sugar that contains a ketone group. (oregonstate.education)
  • Both glucose and fructose have the same molecular formula C6H12O6 and are hexoses (6 C). But glucose is an aldose (also called aldohexose) and fructose is a ketose, or a ketohexose. (oregonstate.education)
  • if the carbonyl group is aldehyde in nature, the monosaccharide is called aldose . (studiousguy.com)
  • The most important hexose is Glucose which is an aldose sugar. (yourzdoctor.com)
  • In the case of an aldehyde carbonyl group, the monosaccharide is an aldose, and in the case of a ketone carbonyl group, it is a ketose. (javatpoint.com)
  • If the carbonyl group is ketone , then the monosaccharide is called ketose . (studiousguy.com)
  • Similarly, fructose is a ' ketohexose' containing a six-carbon monosaccharide and a ketone group. (studiousguy.com)
  • All the carbon atoms in monosaccharide have a hydroxyl group except one which either has an aldehyde group or are ketone group. (yourzdoctor.com)
  • Two stereoisomers of the aldohexose sugars are known as glucose, only one of which ( D -glucose) is biologically active. (wikidoc.org)
  • Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) contains six carbon atoms one of which is part of an aldehyde group and is therefore referred to as an aldohexose . (wikidoc.org)
  • Aldohexose sugars have 4 chiral centers giving 2 4 = 16 stereoisomers . (wikidoc.org)
  • The monosaccharide glucose can hence be referred to as ' aldohexose' . (studiousguy.com)
  • A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (lookformedical.com)
  • Plant biomass is considered as an abundant renewable resource that can be transformed into fermentable sugars for biofuel production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)
  • This implies that it is a six-carbon monosaccharide with carbonyl group which is aldehyde in nature. (studiousguy.com)
  • The location of the carbonyl group, the number of carbon atoms present, and the chiral handedness of a monosaccharide are the three features used to categorize them. (javatpoint.com)
  • This is controlled by the direction of the asymmetric carbon farthest from the carbonyl group. (javatpoint.com)
  • Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
  • N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. (ymdb.ca)
  • If only a few sugars are joined together, the resulting polymer is called an oligosaccharide. (ulalalab.com)
  • A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position. (lookformedical.com)
  • The proximal region, called "inner core", contains Kdo, heptoses and negative charges usually derived from phosphate groups. (scirp.org)
  • A group of enzymes that catalyze an intramolecular transfer of a phosphate group. (lookformedical.com)
  • It has been shown in some cases that the enzyme has a functional phosphate group, which can act as the donor. (lookformedical.com)
  • 4) glycosidic linkage, which connects to Iast the two sugar residues on a non-reducing end, creating glucose 1-phosphate as well as the polymer, which is one that is a glucose unit smaller. (microbiologynote.com)
  • They are made up of two monosaccharide units joined by a covalent connection called a glycosidic linkage that is produced by a dehydration reaction, which results in the loss of a hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide as well as an atom of hydrogen from the other. (javatpoint.com)
  • Glyceraldehyde with C-2 atom is chiral or asymmetric in nature, henceforth, there are two stereoisomers of this sugar. (studiousguy.com)
  • Monosaccharides can be subdivided based on the number of carbon (C) atoms. (oregonstate.education)
  • the smallest monosaccharide is the one with three carbon atoms, known as trioses . (studiousguy.com)
  • The simplest lipids try fatty acids, and this consist of long hydrocarbon chains, normally with sixteen otherwise 18 carbon atoms, which have a great carboxyl group (COO - ) at the one to stop (Contour dos.5). (ulalalab.com)
  • Containing the exception of the first and final carbons, all carbon atoms with hydroxyl groups (-OH) are asymmetric, making them stereo centers with two potential configurations apiece (R or S). This asymmetry allows for several isomers for each given monosaccharide formula. (javatpoint.com)
  • In solution, the glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) form (in equilibrium), the latter being the result of a covalent bond between the aldehyde C atom and the C-5 hydroxyl group to form a six-membered cyclic hemiacetal . (wikidoc.org)
  • Rhodopseudomonas palustris is a purple non-sulfide bacterium (PNSB), and some strains have been proven to promote plant growth. (bvsalud.org)
  • Purple non sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are group of microbes which produce H 2 photoheterotrophically under a variety of anaerobic environmental conditions in presence of light and at expense of broad range of substrates [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The following list shows the prefixes for numbers of carbons in a sugar. (oregonstate.education)
  • Glucose with four or higher carbons can also be cyclize to make groups, which exist in two option forms (a whole lot more. (ulalalab.com)
  • Monosaccharides can be joined together by dehydration reactions, in which H 2 O is removed and the sugars are linked by a glycosidic bond between two of their carbons (Shape dos.step 3). (ulalalab.com)
  • The suffix "-side" denotes participation in the glycosidic bond by the anomeric carbons of both monosaccharides. (javatpoint.com)
  • Lactose is the only sugar that cannot be extracted from plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • A condensation reaction joins to monosaccharides together to form a disaccharide molecule. (studymode.com)
  • Mutase is the general term used to describe enzymes that facilitate an exchange of functional groups one location to another within an identical molecule . (microbiologynote.com)
  • A typical Fischer projection states that a molecule is a D sugar if the hydroxyl group is located on the right and an L sugar if it is not. (javatpoint.com)
  • GLYCOSYLATION of other compounds with these amino sugars results in AMINOGLYCOSIDES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)
  • These are organic compounds containing a sugar linked to a chain through N-acyl group. (ymdb.ca)
  • Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • However, available data revealed important differences between the LPSs of these two groups of organisms, both in term of structure and biological activity. (scirp.org)
  • The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals. (doctorinternet.com)
  • In the majority of organisms, other hexoses than glucose are able to undergo glycolysis following transformation into the phosphorylated form. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Some other chemical substances, such as ethylene glycol, glycerol and sugar alcohols, may have a sweet taste but are not classified as sugar. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cellulosic and hemicellulose substrate can be hydrolyzed into monomeric sugars by chemical and/or biological methods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aldehydic functional group is reactive and, as such, an invaluable chemical multi-tool to make all sorts of products. (tuwien.ac.at)
  • Unmodified monosaccharides have the typical chemical formula of (C-H2O)n, including "carbon hydrate" in their structure. (javatpoint.com)
  • To obtain fluorescent Gb 3 derivatives, either fatty acid labelled Gb 3 molecules or head group labelled ones were synthesized. (springer.com)
  • Monosaccharides are crucial fuel molecules and the foundation of nucleic acids. (javatpoint.com)
  • Hexose transporter 6. (lbl.gov)
  • For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. (lbl.gov)
  • 1) EntS diglycosylates EC peptide (enterocin 96) in vitro with two hexoses at Ser33 residue. (proglycprot.org)
  • In addition, analysis of the coordinate expression patterns indicated that transport proteins and hypothetical proteins may play a role in bacteria processing lignocellulose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The EcoCyc database describes 532 transport reactions, 480 transporters, and 97 proteins involved in sugar transport. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Among them, 97 proteins are involved in sugar transport ( Table 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In the herbivores, it is digested because of microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts and protozoa) in their digestive tract which secret enzyme cellulase for its digestion. (yourzdoctor.com)
  • From a botanical point of view, yeasts are recognized to be a heterogeneous group. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Those yeasts in which a perfect (sexual) stage is not known are grouped together in the subdivision Deuteromycotina. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of mono sugars revealed that EPS was composed of manouronic acid, glucuronic acid, xylose, and fructose at a molar ratio of 1.0:0.5:1.0:2.0, respectively. (springeropen.com)
  • Monosaccharides is derived from Greek word, mono means one and saccharide means sweet. (yourzdoctor.com)
  • The term "mono" illustrates the presence of a single sugar unit. (javatpoint.com)
  • The sugar with aldehyde group is called Aldo sugar and with the keto group as keto sugar. (yourzdoctor.com)
  • Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)
  • A genetically heterogeneous group of heritable disorders resulting from defects in protein N-glycosylation. (lookformedical.com)
  • They are usually branched and tasteless, are formed by several monosaccharides units linked by glycocidic bonds, they have higher molecular weight and are only sparingly soluble in water. (yourzdoctor.com)
  • These results demonstrate that the corn stover-adapted microbial consortium EMSD5 harbors a variety of lignocellulolytic anaerobic bacteria and degradative enzymes, especially those implicated in hemicellulose decomposition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 47.5% and 64.2% higher hydrogen volume than the DLH and NDLH substrates, respectively appeared as a function of significantly higher monomeric sugar contents of the enzymatically hydrolyzed substrate and lesser/zero amounts of toxic derivatives including pH reducing agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conversion to monomeric sugars of the cellulosic substrate is the first step in such processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings imply that, depending on the PNSB's growing conditions, it may interact with various soil bacteria and facilitate their infiltration into plants. (bvsalud.org)
  • The name comes from the Greek word glykys ( γλυκύς ), which means "sweet", plus the suffix "-ose" which denotes a sugar . (wikidoc.org)
  • With two or more hydroxyl groups, they are aldehydes or ketones. (javatpoint.com)