• In anatomy the term "reticuloendothelial system" (abbreviated RES), often associated nowadays with the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), was originally launched by the beginning of the 20th century to denote a system of specialised cells that effectively clear colloidal vital stains (so called because they stain living cells) from the blood circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the years that followed after Aschoff had launched the concept of RES, research on macrophages and their feature as professional phagocytes steadily increased, and in 1960 the concept of the mononuclear phagocyte system was proposed to denote all cells identified as macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mononuclear phagocyte system Smedsrød, B (14 January 2004). (wikipedia.org)
  • Macrophages and monocytes are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system. (medscape.com)
  • Monocytes and tissue macrophages represent two main branches of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and they have complementary roles during immunological challenges. (nature.com)
  • Specifically, we study the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) with an emphasis on their role in the tumor microenvironment. (upenn.edu)
  • Macrophages form the largest component of the intestinal mononuclear phagocyte system and play a pivotal role in mediating immune homeostasis ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This network of fixed and mobile phagocytes that engulf foreign antigens and cell debris previously was called the reticuloendothelial system and is now referred to as the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). (lupusresearch.org)
  • The criteria to classify the multitude of subsets within the mononuclear phagocyte system are currently phenotype, ontogeny, transcription patterns, epigenetic adaptations, and function. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Finally, we show that direct stimulation of the mononuclear phagocyte system restores blood fluke development in the absence of CD4 + T cells. (figshare.com)
  • The cells of MPS, by way of their common functional signature as professional phagocytes, clear particulate matter such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and dying cells from the circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Largely the product of mononuclear phagocyte activation, it is unclear whether TNF-α production at disease sites is a feature of all mononuclear phagocytes that accumulate there or whether it is secreted by a subset of these cells. (ersjournals.com)
  • This study has demonstrated that a subset of mononuclear phagocytes, mature macrophages, are responsible for tumour necrosis factor secretion and this could have implications for targeted management in sarcoidosis in the future. (ersjournals.com)
  • This review summarises the evidence for these RANKL substitutes in inducing osteoclast differentiation from tissue-derived and circulating mononuclear phagocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mutations in the gene encoding CSF1R have been associated with a predisposition to myeloid malignancy.Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for CSF1 and IL34 and plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • Synthesis and release of interleukin 1 by reoxygenated human mononuclear phagocytes. (jci.org)
  • To examine the possible involvement of cytokines in reperfusion injury, we have studied production of IL-1 by human vascular cells, including smooth muscle and mononuclear phagocytes. (jci.org)
  • Exposure of cells to hypoxia (pO2 approximately 14 torr) followed by reoxygenation led to significant release of IL-1 only from the mononuclear phagocytes. (jci.org)
  • Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. (bvsalud.org)
  • J) THP-1-derived dendritic cell. (cdc.gov)
  • Sia + IgG induced increased expression of CD80 and dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) on monocytes, whereas the expression of HLA-DR was decreased. (scirp.org)
  • Among their other immunological properties, MSC inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, suppress dendritic cell function and alter DC cytokine production, and decrease IFN-g production by NK cells. (vin.com)
  • The working group of the Histiocyte Society divided histocytic disorders into three groups: (1) dendritic cell histiocytosis, (2) macrophage-related disorders, and (3) malignant histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • Our data indicate that the Sia + fraction of IVIG possesses the ability to influence inflammatory processes in multiple immune cell types and induces novel signatures in cell surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine production. (scirp.org)
  • These findings provide new insights into the activities of mature osteoclasts in situ and identify actions of RANKL-expressing Th17 cells in inflammatory bone destruction. (jci.org)
  • These chronic inflammatory cells then organise spatially into the classic granulomatous response 1 - 5 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) drive the inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they are a major source of eicosanoids in airway inflammation. (nature.com)
  • Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection leaves an inflammatory imprint in the monocyte/ macrophage compartment that drives aberrant macrophage effector functions and eicosanoid metabolism, resulting in long-term immune aberrations in patients recovering from mild COVID-19. (nature.com)
  • Severe COVID-19 is associated with profound changes in the myeloid compartment, including expansion of dysfunctional, pro-inflammatory monocytes during the first weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection 6 , 7 . (nature.com)
  • By studying transcriptome- and lipid mediator profiles in MDM of convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with previous mild disease, we show that inflammatory gene expression and eicosanoid profiles as well as altered responsiveness to inflammatory cues are maintained at 3-5 months post infection as well as throughout macrophage differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Pro-inflammatory 5-LOX metabolites were selectively increased in post COVID-19 MDM, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives a pro-inflammatory eicosanoid reprogramming that contributes to long-term alterations in innate immune cell function. (nature.com)
  • None of the tested forms induced a pro-inflammatory response in Caco-2 cells or in macrophages either. (springer.com)
  • However, the various lactoferrin forms did effectively inhibit the pro-inflammatory response in macrophages that were activated with lipopolysaccharide with the most potent effect observed for apolactoferrin. (springer.com)
  • However, it is not clear how gut macrophages, relative to recruited blood monocytes and other myeloid cells, contribute to the intestinal inflammatory milieu, nor how macrophages and their monocyte precursors mediate recruitment of other immune cells to the inflamed intestine. (frontiersin.org)
  • Myeloid cell populations isolated from colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or murine dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis were assessed using flow cytometry and compared to healthy controls. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, our data reveal that, independent of inflammation, murine colon macrophages act as a major source of Ccl7 and Ccl8 chemokines that trigger further recruitment of their pro-inflammatory monocyte precursors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Intestinal macrophages display a "tolerant" phenotype, poorly responsive to toll like receptor (TLR) ligands (vital to avoid triggering inflammatory responses while scavenging commensal bacteria) whilst maintaining a homeostatic environment via IL-10 and PGE 2 production ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In contrast, murine colon monocytes are pro-inflammatory but infrequent in the steady state, increasing during inflammation ( 2 , 8 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Results from murine studies ( 2 ) combined with the observation of radiolabelled blood monocytes in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of IBD patients ( 15 ), indicate that increased LP inflammatory mononuclear cells are a result of monocyte recruitment, rather than expansion of a tissue resident macrophage population. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our findings suggest that umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media demonstrated the highest cytokine and growth factor levels and despite mostly pro-inflammatory cytokine profile were able to promote anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media hold great potential for therapeutic use, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory effect on human macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Non-activated M0 macrophages can be activated toward pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, thus playing important and diverse roles at all stages of inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSCs have been shown to suppress both the transition of human macrophages from the M0 to M1 state and the pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages already polarized into the M1 state [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Monocytes and macrophages are one of the first lines of defense in the inflammatory process. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Mononuclear myeloid cells include terminally differentiated macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), as well as monocytes, which under inflammatory conditions differentiate in tissues to macrophages and DCs. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The inflammatory microenvironment surrounding a tumour is a complex ecology of immune cells interconnected with tumour cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our results provide strong evidence that macrophages contribute to NHO formation through the osteogenic action of OSM on muscle cells within an inflammatory context and suggest that OSM/OSMR could be a suitable therapeutic target. (jci.org)
  • Dr. Gubatan's research is focused on translational studies using single-cell genomics to understand mechanisms of biologic therapy failure, elucidate the role of host immune and gut microbiome interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and develop precision medicine strategies to improve outcomes in patients with IBD. (stanford.edu)
  • The next phase of the inflammatory stage of wound healing is chemotaxis , wherein cells adhere to the vascular endothelium. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Corneal inflammation was assessed by measuring frequencies of total CD45+ inflammatory cells, CD11b+Ly6G+ polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils), and CD11b+Ly6G- mononuclear cells (macrophages, monocytes) at the ocular surface using flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)
  • To assess the effect of IL-11 on innate immune cell function, cell activation marker and inflammatory cytokines including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNFα, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured following recombinant IL-11 treatment (1 µg/mL). (bvsalud.org)
  • Specifically, she is working to understand the roles of monocytes and epithelial cells in the development of this inflammatory lung disease. (seattlechildrens.org)
  • Cytokines are regulatory compounds produced by cells of the immune system [T(H)1 and T(H)2] and act as intracellular mediators and control the immune and inflammatory reponses 9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • DNA damage assessment and cell cycle analysis revealed differences in the modes of cell death between asbestos and respective CF. There was an increase in chemokines, but not pro-inflammatory cytokines after all EMP treatments. (cdc.gov)
  • The autoimmune nature of diabetes and inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (as markers the major contribution of lymphocyte T- of inflammatory changes) and the soluble cells are well established. (who.int)
  • We have previously shown that the sialic acid-containing (Sia + ) fraction of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) influences cell surface marker expression and cytokine/ chemokine secretion during the differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). (scirp.org)
  • Tumor-Derived Retinoic Acid Regulates Intratumoral Monocyte Differentiation to Promote Immune Suppression Cell. (upenn.edu)
  • There is a growing body of evidence that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells' (MSCs') remarkable therapeutic potential is attributed not only to their differentiation and regenerative capacity, but also to the paracrine effect, underlying their immunomodulatory properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the IL34/MCSF/MCSFR axis is very important for regulating macrophage differentiation, the specific interplay between these cytokines, macrophages and tumour development is unclear. (researchsquare.com)
  • CSF-1 signaling through CSF-1R regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the monocytic lineage. (thermofisher.com)
  • CSF1R (FMS) is involved in the production, differentiation, and function of macrophages, and is implicated in promyelocytic leukemias. (thermofisher.com)
  • We show that marrow from human NHOs contains hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches, in which mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells provide an environment supporting HSC maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. (jci.org)
  • We demonstrate that oncostatin M (OSM) produced by activated macrophages promotes osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of human muscle-derived stromal cells surrounding NHOs. (jci.org)
  • Activated macrophages contribute to the osteogenic differentiation of human NHO-MDSCs. (jci.org)
  • Results The outcomes acquired demonstrate that both Compact disc105+ CSCs and Compact disc105- TCs impaired the differentiation procedure for DCs from monocytes. (woofahs.com)
  • Open in a separate window Fig. 4 EVs shed by renal cancer cells inhibited monocyte-derived DC differentiation and their ability to stimulate T cell proliferation. (woofahs.com)
  • Such information is mediated immunity, secreting the cytokine crucial to determine the optimal approach interferon-gamma (IFN) that inhibits Th2 to improve the immune response of DN cell differentiation. (who.int)
  • A greater number of alveolar macrophages produced TNF-α compared to autologous monocytes in sarcoidosis but not in controls and, based on cell size, it was confirmed that this was the product of more mature macrophages and that the secretion of TNF-α by monocytes and macrophages was heterogeneous: not all monocytes and macrophages secrete TNF-α. (ersjournals.com)
  • No differences in the average levels of TNF-α secretion by peripheral blood monocytes or alveolar macrophages were observed. (ersjournals.com)
  • Human alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage are usually poor accessory cells for antigen-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation and poor stimulators of allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) when compared to peripheral blood monocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • however, we measured no change in T lymphocyte proliferation or in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DP. (cdc.gov)
  • Differential responses of murine alveolar macrophages to elongate mineral particles of asbestiform and non-asbestiform varieties: Cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion and transcriptional changes. (cdc.gov)
  • Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the first responders to inhaled particulates, participating in clearance and activating other resident and recruited immunocompetent cells, impacting the long-term outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • We show that the monocyte:macrophage balance is disrupted in colon inflammation to favour recruitment of CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in humans, and Ly6C Hi monocytes in mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous studies have shown the accumulation of human CD14 Hi or CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in the GI tract lamina propria (LP) during inflammation ( 2 , 6 , 11 - 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • More recently, ontogenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic research approaches uncovered major developmental differences between Flt3L-dependent conventional DCs as compared with Mphs and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), the latter mainly generated in vitro from murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) or human CD14\(^{+}\) peripheral blood monocytes. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • IL-34 was first identified by Lin et al in 2008, as a protein that is able to bind to CD14 + monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Cells were then analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of myeloid marker CD11b, monocyte/macrophage marker CD14, and M2 macrophage activation marker CD163 and CD206. (jci.org)
  • In that purpose, CD14 + monocytes/macrophages from human NHO were isolated using immunomagnetic cell separation and cultured with or without LPS (100 ng/ml) for 3 days. (jci.org)
  • SD of CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, CD1a, 4 integrin, CD54, 5 integrin, CD14, CD83 and CD40 by monocyte-derived DCs differentiated in the presence or in absence (CTL DC) of CD105+ EVs (CD105+ EV Mo) or CD105- EVs (CD105- EV Mo). (woofahs.com)
  • Flow cytometric analysis of CD14 expression on human peripheral blood monocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In macrophage-colony stimulating factor (MCSF) generated macrophages, Sia + IgG induced increased production of numerous cytokines/ chemokines including IL-6, TNFα, CXCL1, and IL-10, and the expression of the macrophage surface marker CD163. (scirp.org)
  • D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)
  • The innate immune response by myeloid cells occurs as a succession of events starting at signaling through cytosolic or surface PRRs, followed by effector responses including the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antibacterial peptides and degranulation ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Pathogen clearance is mediated by mechanisms such as phagocytosis, respiratory burst with the production of ROS and RNS and release of bacteriostatic peptides, but also through the cell-extrinsic initiation of inflammation via the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • There is evidence that 2D or 3D culturing conditions have an impact on the cells' secretome, and here we aimed to compare the secretion of cytokines and growth factors in human MSCs from different sources cultured in 2D and 3D conditions and assess their effect on human macrophages polarization in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-28A produced in response to viral infection, activates both monocytes and macrophages producing a restricted panel of cytokines and therefore is an important factor in activating innate immune responses at the site of viral infection. (prospecbio.com)
  • As we previously reported, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) ligand (RANKL)/RANK signaling on M2 macrophages promotes the production of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines to maintain the immunosuppressive tumor environment of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). (iiarjournals.org)
  • T(H)1 control the cell-mediated response and produce a number of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g. (bvsalud.org)
  • Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Although a period of hypoxia was necessary for subsequent IL-1 production during reoxygenation of either peripheral blood monocytes or cultured monocyte-derived macrophages, no IL-1 release occurred during the hypoxic exposure. (jci.org)
  • PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell. (cdc.gov)
  • The present study examined the effects of Sia + IgG on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocyte and macrophage surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. (scirp.org)
  • Osteoclasts are bone resorbing, multinucleate cells that differentiate from mononuclear macrophage/monocyte-lineage hematopoietic precursor cells. (jci.org)
  • A stem cell is a generic term referring to any unspecialized cell that is capable of long-term self-renewal through cell division but that can be induced to differentiate into a specialized, functional cell. (vin.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent but not pluripotent, which means they can differentiate into some, or "multiple," but not all tissue types. (vin.com)
  • Most importantly stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into cell types of multiple lineages including adipocytes, chrondrocytes, and osteocytes. (vin.com)
  • 4,6,7 It has been proposed that some of these MSC may actually differentiate into functional renal tubular epithelial cells, though this theory remains controversial. (vin.com)
  • in the canonical pathway of osteoclastogenesis, these cells fuse and differentiate to form specialised bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the presence of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). (ox.ac.uk)
  • A ) CD34 + cells from human neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) were isolated using immunomagnetic cell separation and induced to differentiate into macrophages for 2 weeks in specific medium. (jci.org)
  • Although tumor-promoting functions have been attributed to other granulocytes, like eosinophils ( 17 ), basophils ( 18 ) and mast cells ( 19 ), further research is required to fully elucidate their role in cancer, as antitumoral roles have also been described ( 20 , 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Granulocytic myeloid cells include populations of terminally differentiated polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • Dr Hohlfeld explained that alemtuzumab works by binding to CD52 expressed by many types of immune cells, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils, which are then cleared from the blood and are gradually replaced at different rates. (medscape.com)
  • To detect coronavirus-like particles in experimentally infected human structural and immune cells, we infected a range of cells with SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 for 48 h. (cdc.gov)
  • Immune cells abundantly infiltrate tumors, creating a complex environment mediated by repetitive cycles of antitumor responses and immune evasion ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Myeloid innate immune cells, such as granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), play an important role in cancer-cell recognition, initiation of inflammation and antitumor responses ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is exposed to the greatest antigenic burden in the body, which poses a significant challenge to the many resident immune cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • MSCs are reported to contribute both to the inflammation initiation and to its resolution via complex cross talk with immune cells, most importantly macrophages [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ICE molecules are made to boost the activity of innate antitumor immune cells. (onclive.com)
  • Cancer stroma contains various immune cells. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Interestingly, IL-11 significantly downregulated the activation of immune cells, as evidenced by the lower expression of MHC II and TNFα by CD11b+ mononuclear cells and lower levels of MPO by neutrophils. (bvsalud.org)
  • We therefore examined the role of IGFBP-5 on the migration of immune cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Histiocytoses encompass a group of diverse proliferative disorders characterized by the accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the affected tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Mature osteoclasts expressing TRAP-tdTomato signals ( A ), green fluorescent signals from high H + concentration ( B ), and merged images ( C ). Green fluorescent signals from the H + probes overlapped with static (low CDI, arrowheads) but not moving (high CDI, asterisk) osteoclasts, suggesting that former cells are secreting protons actively and resorbing bone tissues when observed in vivo. (jci.org)
  • Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for about 24 hr and then move into tissues, at which point they mature into macrophages, which are long lived. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Recent years have brought increased interest in the potential for adult stem cells to help in the treatment of many diseases through both their regenerative properties as well as their apparent ability to alter the environment in injured and diseased tissues. (vin.com)
  • Adult stem cells can be obtained from many differentiated tissues including but not limited to bone marrow, bone, fat, and muscle. (vin.com)
  • Increases in ED1+ mononuclear cells and osteoclasts indicate that highly repetitive , negligible force reaching causes pathological overloading of bone leading to inflammation and osteolysis of periosteal bone tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • NIR can not cause ionization however have been shown to produce other biological effects, for instance by heating, altering chemical reactions or inducing electrical currents in tissues and cells. (intechopen.com)
  • These large cells may be free, or fixed in various tissues. (healthjade.net)
  • We recently observed mononuclear cell infiltration in lung tissues of mice expressing IGFBP-5. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The immune system also has the capacity to recognize and destroy abnormal cells that derive from host tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
  • in blood and tissues, monocytes Antigen-Presenting Cells in blood, macrophages Antigen-Presenting Cells in tissues) ingest and destroy invading antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our study examined if nonpathogenic bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can affect epithelial function in the presence of monocytes/macrophages. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the main objective of this study was to elucidate how iron-depleted, iron-saturated, and manganese-saturated forms of lactoferrin regulate intestinal barrier function via interactions with epithelial cells and macrophages. (springer.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to assess the neoplastic-like transformation potential of two forms of CNC derived from wood (powder and gel) in human pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in comparison to fibrous tremolite (TF), known to induce lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • PRR on myeloid cells can be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but also indirectly by secondary mechanisms such as complement activation and circulating antibodies (Abs), resulting in cytolytic and phagocytic effector mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Activation of macrophages into different states is a finely tuned process essential for proper resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Classical activation of these cells takes place as a response to strong signals that usually come in the form of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) molecules. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These features may be responsible for the recruitment and activation of T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, characterizing the stromal component of this lymphoma, and may point towards innate immunity and a tumor tolerogenic immune response in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma. (haematologica.org)
  • EVs produced from Compact Firocoxib disc105+ CSCs and in much less extent, those produced from Compact disc105- TCs maintained the capability to impair monocyte maturation and T cell activation. (woofahs.com)
  • More recently, histiocytic diseases have been reclassified into five groups: (1) Langerhans-related, (2) cutaneous and mucocutaneous, (3) malignant histiocytosis, (4) Rosai-Dorfman disease, and (5) hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading selectin), and soluble thrombomodulin--are cause of chronic renal failure and is a grow- providing further evidence of the relation- ing concern given the increasing incidence ship between endothelial cell activation and of type 2 diabetes. (who.int)
  • Another myeloid population in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are DCs, that originate from different precursors and display various phenotypes, ranging from immunosuppressive monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) to immunocompetent cDC1 and cDC2 subsets ( 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Such a description excludes diseases in which infiltration of these cells occurs in response to a primary pathology. (medscape.com)
  • Resident and recruited macrophages in the lung produce high levels of cysteinyl LTs (cysLTs) and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), thereby promoting granulocyte infiltration, airway inflammation and tissue remodeling 8 . (nature.com)
  • On the other hand, the infiltration of organs by a monoclonal population of aberrant cells, the possibility of lethal evolution, and the cancer-based modalities of successful treatment are all consistent with a neoplastic process. (medscape.com)
  • A mononuclear phagocytic white blood cell derived from myeloid stem cells. (lupusresearch.org)
  • We conclude that there are potent accessory cells in human lung that are loosely adherent, Fc receptor negative, and poorly phagocytic, and thus are dissimilar from classic macrophages. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The older, more fragile red blood cells may rupture during this passage, and the resulting cellular debris is removed by phagocytic macrophages in the venous sinuses. (healthjade.net)
  • Attack by phagocytic cells can be facilitated when antigens are coated with antibody (Ab), which is produced as part of acquired immunity, or when complement proteins opsonize antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • MSCs were also reported to support monocyte survival skewing their polarization toward a M2-like phenotype through a prostaglandin E2-dependent mechanism [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Myeloid cells generated under these conditions, although similar to neutrophils and monocytes in morphology and phenotype, have different genomic and biochemical profiles and functional activity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The field started changing in the late 1990s when the Gr1 + CD11b + cellular phenotype was suggested as defining the immune-suppressive myeloid cells in spleens of mice and when these cells were shown to be phenotypically similar but functionally distinct from monocytes and neutrophils ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • Max Planck Institute (MPI) cells, a non-transformed mouse line that has an AM phenotype and genotype, were treated with mass-, surface area- (s.a.), and particle number- (p.n.) equivalent concentrations of respirable asbestiform and non-asbestiform riebeckite/tremolite EMP for 24h. (cdc.gov)
  • A number of previous publications have demonstrated the upregulation of TNF-α in a variety of contexts including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid protein, macrophage protein secretion and macrophage TNF messenger ribonucleic acid content 9 - 16 . (ersjournals.com)
  • bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN- , and TNF- , and on T lymphocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • Our data demonstrate that beryllium-stimulated bronchoalveolar lavage cells produce IL-10, and the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 does not increase significantly cytokine production, HLA expression, or T lymphocyte pro- liferation. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally cell surface marker characterization via flow cytometry differentiates them from hematopoetic cells, though no truly unique MSC molecule has been identified. (vin.com)
  • C ) Mononuclear cells from human NHO marrows were analyzed by flow cytometry for mac markers, as in A . ( D ) Medium conditioned by activated macrophages from human NHO stimulate NHO-MDSC mineralization. (jci.org)
  • In addition to TAMs, solid tumors are also infiltrated by immunosuppressive, immature myeloid progenitor cells, commonly referred to as monocytic or polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M/PMN-MDSC) ( 11 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Double-labeling immunohistochemistry was performed for ED1 (monocyte/macrophage lineage cell marker) and TRACP (osteoclast marker) to confirm that ED1+ multinucleated cells were osteoclasts. (cdc.gov)
  • In particular, adult stem cells called mesenchymal stem cells can migrate to affected areas and may be able to support the growth of other stem cells as well as moderate the response of the immune system. (vin.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are plastic adherent and assume a fibroblast-like morphology during culture. (vin.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells clearly modulate immune responses, as demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo studies. (vin.com)
  • We hypothesized that this poor response is associated with a reduced effect of corticosteroids to inhibit cytokine release from activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (nih.gov)
  • During the 1980s and early 1990s, work from the laboratories of Diana Lopez, Jim Talmadge, M. Rita Young, and Hans Schreiber demonstrated that various types of myeloid cells could inhibit immune function in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • matory response, IL-10 has been shown to inhibit macrophage and Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a human disorder in T lymphocyte cytokine synthesis and MHC class II and B7 ex- which to study the delayed type hypersensitivity response to persistent pression. (cdc.gov)
  • Conversely, in vitro GM-CSF-dependent monocyte-derived Mphs largely resemble MoDCs whereas tissue-resident Mphs show a common embryonic origin from yolk sac and fetal liver with Langerhans cells (LCs). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • B ) Activated macrophages derived in vitro from NHO CD34 + cells stimulate NHO muscle-derived stromal cells (NHO-MDSCs). (jci.org)
  • Moreover, the CD4/CD8 ratio of migrating cells was significantly higher in vitro and in vivo in response to IGFBP-5. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, monocytes treated with recombinant IGFBP-5 expressed the mesenchymal markers a-smoothmuscle actin and fibronectin in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that IGFBP-5 can induce the transformation of monocytes into mesenchymal cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hence, myeloid cells play a dual role in cancer as they can initiate antitumor responses and communicate with cells of the adaptive immune system, but also promote local inflammation leading to chronic cancer-associated inflammation ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Our recent work had shown that patients suffering from chronic airway inflammation exhibit transcriptional reprogramming of MDM 14 , a cell type implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis 7 . (nature.com)
  • Macrophages are pivotal in coordinating a range of important processes in the intestines, including controlling intracellular infections and limiting damaging inflammation against the microbiota. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our work suggests that strategies targeting macrophage-mediated monocyte recruitment may represent a promising approach for limiting the chronic inflammation that characterises IBD. (frontiersin.org)
  • Migrated monocytes can further develop into tissue macrophages, which can then be polarized into two main groups, M1 and M2, accounting for their trend towards inflammation or healing, respectively. (hindawi.com)
  • The meeting will also highlight recent work on macrophage inflammation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and work from recently-funded NIMH, NIDA, and NINDS investigators. (nih.gov)
  • A panel will discuss research gaps and priorities related to human macrophage reservoirs and inflammation/comorbidities and treatment strategies for HIV remission and cure. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, mononuclear cells may coalesce to form multinucleated giant cells found in chronic inflammation. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Takayasu arteritis is characterized by transmural inflammation and evidence of intramural giant cells. (medscape.com)
  • Although CNC exposures are associated with pulmonary inflammation and damage as well as oxidative stress responses and genotoxicity in vivo, studies evaluating cell transformation or tumorigenic potential of CNC's were not previously conducted. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, MSC are poor antigen presenting cells and do not express MHC class II or co-stimulatory molecules and only low levels of MHC class I molecules. (vin.com)
  • Mast Cells The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • F) Monocytes from PBMCs. (cdc.gov)
  • G) Other cells from PBMCs (CD4-, CD8-, CD19- cell populations). (cdc.gov)
  • Migration assays demonstrated that IGFBP-5 induced migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a dose-dependent manner. (elsevierpure.com)
  • DCs and macrophages are thought to play important role in cancer by modulating host-immune responses against the tumor cells, promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, etc. (upenn.edu)
  • However, in cancer, myeloid cells are largely converted to serve a new master-tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The innate cell engager AFM24 showed greater efficacy in eliciting antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of EGFR wild-type and KRAS-mutant tumor cells compared with cetuximab. (onclive.com)
  • The innate cell engager ® (ICE) AFM24 showed greater efficacy in eliciting antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of EGFR wild-type and KRAS -mutant tumor cells compared with cetuximab (Erbitux), according to preclinical findings from a study presented in a poster during the 2021 SITC Annual Meeting . (onclive.com)
  • To do so, monocyte-differentiated macrophages from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-cultured for 4 hours with CMFDA-labeled, wild-type EGFR-expressing or KRAS -mutant tumor cells in the presence of 10 µg/mL of AFM24 or cetuximab. (onclive.com)
  • M0, M1, or M2 macrophages were co-cultured with CMFDA-labeled tumor cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of AFM24. (onclive.com)
  • Finally, M0 macrophages were co-cultured with pHRodo™-labeled tumor cells in the presence of 10 µg/mL of AFM24 or cetuximab. (onclive.com)
  • Additional results showed that AFM24 increased antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of EGFR -positive tumor cells regardless of macrophage subtype. (onclive.com)
  • The aggressive T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma and the indolent nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma are both characterized by a paucity of tumor cells embedded in an overwhelming background. (haematologica.org)
  • The tumor cells of both lymphomas share several characteristics, while the cellular composition of their microenvironment is clearly different. (haematologica.org)
  • 8 , 10 - 12 Recently, genome-wide analysis of isolated tumor cells from NLPHL and THRLBCL revealed further similarities between the tumors cells of the two lymphomas. (haematologica.org)
  • Gene expression profiling of lymphomas clearly illustrated that apart from the characteristics of the tumor cells, the microenvironment of the tumor also defines the profile of the lymphoma, and, more importantly, plays a role in predicting the prognosis. (haematologica.org)
  • The system has been mainly related to the expression of HLA-G by tumor cells and to its release in a form associated to EVs. (woofahs.com)
  • 13K, docx)Mean Fluorescence Strength (MFI) of monocyte-derived cells cultured in existence or lack of renal tumor cells (Compact disc105+ CSCs and Compact Firocoxib disc105- TCs). (woofahs.com)
  • kill virus-infected cells and some tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, these immunotherapeutic approaches are hampered by the tumor-promoting nature of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. (frontiersin.org)
  • Despite the arsenal of defense strategies against foreign invaders, myeloid cells succumb to the instructions of an established tumor. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we discuss how rudimentary defense mechanisms deployed by myeloid cells can promote tumor progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nevertheless, the majority of scientific discoveries points toward a more tumor-supporting role for myeloid cells in the TME. (frontiersin.org)
  • Further, once within the colon and relative to other myeloid cells, monocytes represent the dominant local source of both IL-1β and TNF. (frontiersin.org)
  • Myeloid cells developed evolutionarily as a major mechanism to protect the host. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Myeloid cells are a highly diverse population. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Reports on the accumulation of immune-suppressive myeloid cells associated with tumor progression were published sporadically beginning in the early 1970s ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • T and Monocytes cells were purified from peripheral bloodstream mononuclear cells from healthy donors. (woofahs.com)
  • Abbreviations CSCCancer stem cellTCTumor cellDCDendritic cellEVExtracellular vesiclePBMCPeripheral bloodstream mononuclear cellPMAPhorbol 12-myristate 13-acetateGM-CSFGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorMFIMean fluorescence intensityLPSLipopolysaccharide Extra files Extra 1: Desk S1. (woofahs.com)
  • Monocytes that leave the bloodstream by diapedesis become macrophages. (healthjade.net)
  • In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) display an array of phenotypes beyond the M1/M2 paradigm, ranging from antitumoral to immunosuppressive, proangiogenic, immunomodulatory and tissue-remodeling phenotypes ( 7 - 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The role of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and survival of GC patients are controversial. (researchsquare.com)
  • Since EMPD is a skin adenocarcinoma of apocrine gland origin that expresses high levels of RANKL and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 7, and EMPD is associated with the presence of RANK + M2 macrophages, we hypothesized that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in adenocarcinomas such as PCAC might also express RANKL and MMP7. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Of these, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) create an immunosuppressive microenvironment through various pathways. (iiarjournals.org)
  • For example, TAMs suppress effector T-cells through immune checkpoint molecules, such as those of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) ( 7 ) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) ( 8 , 9 ) pathways. (iiarjournals.org)
  • For example, Paget's cells release soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (sRANKL) into the tumor microenvironment, stimulating RANK + TAMs to produce CCL17, which recruits Tregs into the lesional skin of patients with extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) ( 11 , 17 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • MPS is part of the innate immune system and comprises of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC). (upenn.edu)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mph) share many characteristics as components of the innate immune system. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • More recently, ontogenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic research approaches uncovered major developmental differences between Flt3L-dependent conventional DCs as compared with Mphs and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), the latter mainly generated in Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mph) share many characteristics as components of the innate immune system. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Thus we conclude that schistosomes co-opt innate immune signals to facilitate their development and that the role of CD4 + T cells in this process may be limited to the provision of non-cognate help for mononuclear phagocyte function. (figshare.com)
  • Macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) regulates monocytes/macrophages. (researchsquare.com)
  • Description: The AFS98 monoclonal antibody reacts with the mouse CD115 molecule, a receptor for macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) or colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). (thermofisher.com)
  • It was notable that macrophages from AIDS patients showed normal killing with recombinant gamma interferon, but that the supernatants from AIDS patients had reduced activity with normal macrophages. (uwl.ac.uk)
  • Concurrently, the presence of naïve CD4 + T cells correlates with both steady-state changes in the expression of genes that are critical for the development of monocytes and macrophages and with significant changes in the composition of peripheral mononuclear phagocyte populations. (figshare.com)
  • Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
  • The observations of the accumulation in spleens and tumors of large numbers of these cells with potent immune-suppressive activity were readily reproducible in most murine tumor models. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This mechanism of action may be instrumental to the efficacy of AFM24, especially in macrophage-rich tumors," wrote the study authors. (onclive.com)
  • [ 2 ] For example, the entity now referred to as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) was initially divided into eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, and Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease, depending on the sites and severity. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 , 4 ] This designation was changed to Langerhans cell histiocytosis based on the suggestion by Nezelof that the Langerhans cell represented the primary cell involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] Although several histiocytic disorders are briefly discussed in this article (see History ), the primary focus is on Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) can be localized and manifest as pain or may even be asymptomatic, as is the case in isolated bone lesions. (medscape.com)
  • In 1868, Paul Langerhans discovered the epidermal dendritic cells that now bear his name. (medscape.com)
  • The ultrastructural hallmark of the Langerhans cell, the Birbeck granule, was described a century later. (medscape.com)
  • The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown ("X") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (medscape.com)
  • Although the epidermal Langerhans cell has been presumed to be the cell of origin in LCH, recent studies have called this belief into question. (medscape.com)
  • Notably, LCH cells have been found to express markers of both resting epidermal Langerhans cells (CD1a, intracellular major histocompatibility complex II [MHCII], Birbeck granules) and activated Langerhans cells (including CD54 and CD58). (medscape.com)
  • As a result, the pathologic cells of LCH have been hypothesized to represent Langerhans cells in a state of arrested maturation. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Taken together, these findings have led some to speculate that LCH is not a specific disease of epidermal Langerhans cells, but rather one of mononuclear phagocyte dysregulation. (medscape.com)
  • The pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • ICE is a bispecific engager of CD16A+ natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages and tumor antigens. (onclive.com)
  • Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an extensively researched yet still understudied tool for treating a wide range of pathological conditions, one particular area of research interest being their immunomodulatory properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For most studies, the adult stem cell in question is actually a mesenchymal stem cell or mesenchymal stromal cell. (vin.com)
  • Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) were obtained from patients with Crohn's disease and control patients. (nih.gov)
  • Accumulating data support the view that understanding how metabolism regulates immune cell function could provide new therapeutic opportunities for the many diseases associated with immune system dysregulation. (nature.com)
  • These cells are functionally, phenotypically, and developmentally heterogeneous with many distinct subsets. (upenn.edu)
  • Alemtuzumab was started 18 weeks after the last natalizumab dose, at which time all monon uclear cell subsets that can be affected by natalizumab in the patient's peripheral blood were normal. (medscape.com)
  • Besides eliminating circulating mononuclear cell subsets, alemtuzumab might have depleted lymphocytes in compartments (eg, intraepithelial lymphocytes) that are normally spared," they suggest. (medscape.com)
  • T-cells have 2 subsets of betic patients with and without nephropathy. (who.int)
  • The reverse haemolytic plaque assay allows the measurement of cytokine production at a single cell level. (ersjournals.com)
  • This technique has an advantage over routine culture conditions, as the development of cytokine product by individual cells can be localised and measured, which therefore allows for the correlation of cytokine production with cell type. (ersjournals.com)
  • We hypothesized that, in CBD, failure of IL-10 to modulate the beryllium-specific, cell-mediated immune response would result in persistent, maximal cytokine production and T lymphocyte proliferation, thus contributing to the development of granulomatous lung disease. (cdc.gov)
  • High-affinity zinc uptake system protein mutant ( znuA mutant) showed reduced growth in zinc chelated medium, and failed to replicate in HeLa cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. (go.jp)
  • IL-28A induces ELR(-) CXC chemokine mRNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in an IFN-gamma-independent manner. (prospecbio.com)
  • Immunohistochemical staining of MMP1 and MMP25 as well as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 5 in the lesional skin from five patients with PCAC showed a substantial number of MMP1-bearing cells and MMP25-bearing cells, as well as CCL5-producing cells, that were distributed in the lesional skin. (iiarjournals.org)
  • During the proliferation stage, mesenchymal cells transform into fibroblasts, which lay fibrin strands to act as a framework for cellular migration. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Addition of indomethacin and catalase markedly improved T-cell proliferation induced by LAM. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We of both mitogen- and Ag-induced accessory cell-dependent T lym- phocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • At the time when the notion of RES was launched, the understanding of concepts like endothelium, macrophages and phagocytosis were immature compared to what we know today, and during the centennium that followed there has been a considerable change in the way we understand these terms today. (wikipedia.org)
  • AFM24 enhances macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of various EGFR-expressing tumor cell lines, irrespective of the EGFR signaling pathway," wrote lead study author Sheena Pinto, PhD, translational project leader at Affimed, and coauthors, in the poster. (onclive.com)
  • However, AFM24 engages CD16A on NK cells and macrophages with a higher affinity than monoclonal antibodies, causing NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. (onclive.com)
  • In this analysis, investigators evaluated the ability of AFM24 to elicit antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in solid tumor cell lines expressing EGFR wild-type or EGFR signaling pathway mutations. (onclive.com)
  • Phagocytosis was evaluated by live cell-imaging analysis with IncuCtye® over 24 hours. (onclive.com)
  • Moreover, AFM24 was superior to cetuximab in eliciting phagocytosis in EGFR -positive cells in live cell imaging analysis over 24 hours. (onclive.com)
  • Tetravalent, bispecific innate cell engager (ICE®) AFM24 enhances macrophage mediated tumor cell phagocytosis. (onclive.com)
  • In addition, mRNA expression profiles in human and murine colon samples, and in macrophages and monocytes from healthy and inflamed murine colons, were analysed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and mRNA microarray. (frontiersin.org)
  • Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived macrophages were then treated with umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media and their effect on macrophages polarization was assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stem cell therapy in particular is an innovative new field of scientific investigation and clinical application that holds promise for a variety of diseases in veterinary medicine as well as human medicine. (vin.com)
  • The effects of 3, 3', 4, 4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), which is the most toxic congener of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs), on intracellular accumulation and transepithelial transport of vinblastine were examined in porcine kidney cells, LLC-PK1, and its transformant cells expressing human P-glycoprotein (LLC-MDR1). (go.jp)
  • Our findings have significance for understanding interactions between schistosomiasis and other co-infections, such as bacterial infections and human immunodeficiency virus infection, which potently stimulate innate responses or interfere with T cell help, respectively. (figshare.com)
  • Mononuclear cells in human lung parenchyma. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We have characterized the accessory cells obtained after enzymatic digestion of human lung tissue. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Mononuclear cells in human lung parenchyma. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Materials and Methods: We employed immunohistochemical staining of RANKL and MMP7 in the lesional skin from five patients with PCAC, and microarray analysis of MMPs using human monocyte-derived macrophages. (iiarjournals.org)
  • IL-36γ up-regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 by human vascular endothelial cells, suggesting that IL-36γ mediates the VEGF-VEGFR signaling by endothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)