• In vitro, monocytes can differentiate into dendritic cells by adding the cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasma cytokines, cell-associated cytokines within freshly isolated monocytes and LPS-induced in vitro cytokine production were assessed at admission and at regular intervals during ICU stay. (jci.org)
  • Finally, monocytes from survival patients, but not from nonsurvival ones recovered their capacity to produce normal amounts of cytokines upon LPS stimulation. (jci.org)
  • In conclusion, our data indicate an in vivo activation of circulating monocytes during sepsis as well as in noninfectious shock and suggest that complex regulatory mechanisms can downregulate the production of cytokines by monocytes during severe infections. (jci.org)
  • Also, greater expression of inflammatory cytokines from HUVECs and adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs on the W10 surface is shown than other surfaces due to greater expression of p-AKT and ICAM, respectively. (rsc.org)
  • D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)
  • Monocytes are the main source of cytokines in the early inflammatory phase. (hindawi.com)
  • Baker's yeast β-glucan supplementation increases monocytes and cytokines post-exercise: implications for infection risk? (wellmune.com)
  • Today, three types of monocytes are recognized in human blood: The classical monocyte is characterized by high level expression of the CD14 cell surface receptor (CD14++ CD16− monocyte) The non-classical monocyte shows low level expression of CD14 and additional co-expression of the CD16 receptor (CD14+CD16++ monocyte). (wikipedia.org)
  • The intermediate monocyte expresses high levels of CD14 and low levels of CD16 (CD14++CD16+ monocytes). (wikipedia.org)
  • While in humans the level of CD14 expression can be used to differentiate non-classical and intermediate monocytes, the slan (6-Sulfo LacNAc) cell surface marker was shown to give an unequivocal separation of the two cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monocytes derived from either of these lineages consist of two main types: (1) classical "inflammatory" monocytes that are CCR2 + Ly6C hi in mice and CD14 + CD16 − in humans, and (2) non-classical "patrolling" monocytes that are CCR2 lo Ly6C lo in mice and CD14 lo CD16 + in humans. (frontiersin.org)
  • In humans with ALS, the analogous monocytes (CD14+CD16-) exhibited an ALS-specific microRNA inflammatory signature similar to that observed in the ALS mouse model, linking the animal model and the human disease. (nih.gov)
  • We show that the monocyte:macrophage balance is disrupted in colon inflammation to favour recruitment of CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in humans, and Ly6C Hi monocytes in mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • The highest level of TLR2, TLR4, and TREM-1 surface expression was observed in CD14 hi CD16 + monocyte subpopulation, confirming its proinflammatory profile. (hindawi.com)
  • Monocytes were isolated by CD14⁺ magnetic beads from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of RA and stimulated by LPS for 24 hours. (curehunter.com)
  • Monocyte yield and viability along with MDDC viability, proliferation and CD11c/CD14 surface marker expression will be compared between both methods. (jove.com)
  • Periodontitis-associated pathogens P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans activate human CD14(+) monocytes leading to enhanced Th17/IL-17 responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • The monocytes were subdivided into classical (CD14 ++CD16 -), intermediate (CD14 ++CD16 +), and nonclassical (CD14 -CD16 +) monocytes. (lu.se)
  • The first clear description of monocyte subsets by flow cytometry dates back to the late 1980s, when a population of CD16-positive monocytes was described. (wikipedia.org)
  • The percentages and numbers of monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes) and monocyte activation (defined by CD169 expression) were analyzed using flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (medrxiv.org)
  • Circulating monocytes and three subsets were significantly higher in PG and RG compared to NG. (medrxiv.org)
  • Further correlation analysis with CD169 + monocyte subsets revealed that CD169 + intermediate monocytes negatively correlated with DLCOc%, and CD169 + non-classical monocytes positively correlated with IL-1α, IL-1β, MIP-1α, Eotaxin, and IFNγ. (medrxiv.org)
  • In this study, we investigated granulocyte and monocyte subsets in a large cohort of AAV patients with emphasis on disease activity and tendency to relapse. (lu.se)
  • AAV patients displayed increased frequencies of intermediate monocytes, mature and newly released neutrophils, and an expanded population of CD177 + neutrophils compared to HC. (lu.se)
  • Paired data from 23 patients demonstrated that active disease was associated with an increased frequency of mature neutrophils and a decreased frequency of monocytes, in particular intermediate monocytes. (lu.se)
  • Relapsing MPA patients, on the other hand, showed decreased frequency of intermediate monocytes. (lu.se)
  • Finally, rituximab treatment was associated with increased frequencies of classical and intermediate monocytes. (lu.se)
  • Severe complications of chronic renal failure such as impaired immune defense, inflammation, and atherosclerosis can be related to several aspects of monocyte dysfunction. (nih.gov)
  • During inflammation or infection, classical monocytes are mobilized from bone marrow reserves in response to chemokines that bind to the CCR2 receptor, such as CCL2 and CCL7 ( Shi and Pamer, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, our data reveal that, independent of inflammation, murine colon macrophages act as a major source of Ccl7 and Ccl8 chemokines that trigger further recruitment of their pro-inflammatory monocyte precursors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our work suggests that strategies targeting macrophage-mediated monocyte recruitment may represent a promising approach for limiting the chronic inflammation that characterises IBD. (frontiersin.org)
  • In contrast, murine colon monocytes are pro-inflammatory but infrequent in the steady state, increasing during inflammation ( 2 , 8 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The structure and function of the EC monolayer affect the recruitment and adhesion of monocytes, which plays a pivotal role in the development of inflammation and atherosclerosis. (rsc.org)
  • Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) drive the inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they are a major source of eicosanoids in airway inflammation. (nature.com)
  • In conclusion, anionic septapeptides exerted anti-DENV activity in human monocytes through the upregulation of innate immune responses and the activation of several previously reported antiviral and inflammation-related miRNAs. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • OBJECTIVE- Hyperglycemia-induced inflammation is central in diabetes complications, and monocytes are important in orchestrating these effects. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Endothelial inflammation increases the adhesiveness of monocytes to the endothelium in addition to increasing vascular permeability, promoting diabetic atherogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Background Monocytes and macrophages play a pivotal role in inflammation during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medrxiv.org)
  • Monocytes are produced by the bone marrow from precursors called monoblasts, bipotent cells that differentiated from hematopoietic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • state that the "intermediate" monocyte population is likely to be a unique subpopulation of monocytes, as opposed to a developmental step, due to their comparatively high expression of surface receptors involved in reparative processes (including vascular endothelial growth factor receptors type 1 and 2, CXCR4, and Tie-2) as well as evidence that the "intermediate" subset is specifically enriched in the bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
  • Macrophages that differentiate from monocytes in the adult bone marrow are distinguished from tissue resident macrophages (e.g., alveolar macrophages, glial cells) that originally derive from fetal yolk sac progenitor cells or monocytes from the fetal liver ( Hoeffel and Ginhoux, 2018 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, there is evidence that bone marrow-derived monocytes can help replenish the tissue-resident macrophages of specific organs including the gut, the skin, and the heart ( Ginhoux and Guilliams, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • After a few hours in the blood, monocytes migrate to tissues (such as spleen, liver, lungs, and bone marrow tissue), where they mature into macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Inflammatory monocytes (CX3CR1low, CCR2pos, Ly6Chigh, PD-L1neg), which are equivalent to human classical CD14++ CD16− monocytes and resident monocytes (CX3CR1high, CCR2neg, Ly6Clow, PD-L1pos), which are equivalent to human non-classical CD14+ CD16+ monocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monocyte and neutrophil density of surface CD44 expression was determined by immunofluorescence labelling and flow cytometry, and results expressed as mean channel fluorescence (MCF) values. (bmj.com)
  • Total and subset monocyte concentration was measured by four-colour flow cytometry. (wellmune.com)
  • The overall goal of this study is to compare two different methods of human monocyte isolation for dendritic cell generation in vitro and to characterize the CT11c, CT14 cell surface expression of the resulting monocyte derived populations by imaging flow cytometry. (jove.com)
  • In addition, this is the first study to characterize the specific population of monocyte derived dendritic cells by single cell imaging flow cytometry. (jove.com)
  • Neutrophil/Monocyte Respiratory Burst Assay Kit - 1 kit is backordered and will ship as soon as it is back in stock. (dnamethsoc.com)
  • The MSDS of Neutrophil/Monocyte for Respiratory is available from Karlan upon request. (dnamethsoc.com)
  • Monocyte, but not neutrophil, CD44 expression correlated negatively with the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils. (bmj.com)
  • There was no significant correlation of monocyte or neutrophil CD44 expression in SLE with disease activity or damage. (bmj.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS Monocyte and neutrophil CD44 expression is reduced in SLE, and this may contribute to the impaired recognition and clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by monocyte derived macrophages. (bmj.com)
  • In conclusion, AAV patients exhibit a skewing of different neutrophil and monocyte subpopulations that are associated with disease subtypes, disease activity, rituximab treatment, and propensity to relapse. (lu.se)
  • Dysregulation of in vitro cytokine production by monocytes during sepsis. (jci.org)
  • Despite the fact that IL-1 alpha is the main cytokine found within monocytes upon in vitro activation of cells from healthy individuals, it was very rarely detected within freshly isolated monocytes from septic patients, and levels of cell-associated IL-1 beta were lower than those of TNF alpha. (jci.org)
  • Upon LPS stimulation, we observed a profound decrease of in vitro IL-1 alpha production by monocytes in all patients, and of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF alpha in septic patients. (jci.org)
  • We show that ApoBDs generated from IAV-infected monocytes contained IAV mRNA, protein and virions and consequently, could facilitate viral propagation in vitro and in vivo, and induce a robust antiviral immune response. (nature.com)
  • We also identified an antipsychotic, Haloperidol, as an unexpected inhibitor of monocyte cell disassembly which could impair ApoBD-mediated viral propagation under in vitro conditions. (nature.com)
  • IAV was able to induce monocyte apoptosis and apoptotic cell disassembly in both in vitro and in vivo settings. (nature.com)
  • Newly developed tracers will be evaluated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in an animal model of MS. A successful PET tracer will contribute to a better understanding of monocyte infiltration in disease in vivo and could ultimately serve as an important tool to guide drug development and evaluate novel disease-modifying therapies and therapies inhibiting monocyte infiltration. (europa.eu)
  • This study offers a new in vitro system to understand the interplay between HUVEC monolayers and monocytes mediated by aligned topographies, which may be useful for vascular repair and disease modeling for drug testing. (rsc.org)
  • We have assessed the in vitro responses of U937 human monocytes to chronic exposure (4 weeks) to Cr (VI) ions at concentrations which have been measured in patients with metal artificial hip implants (0.05-0.5 μM). (strath.ac.uk)
  • This study compares two different methods of human monocyte isolation for obtaining in vitro dendritic cells (DCs). (jove.com)
  • Addition of Pg or Aa to monocyte /CD4(+) T-cell co-cultures promoted a Th17/ IL-17 response in vitro in a dose - and time -dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vitro , Pg induced significantly higher IL-17 production in anti-CD3 mAb-stimulated monocyte /CD4(+) T-cell co-cultures from patients with PD compared to healthy controls. (bvsalud.org)
  • In general, monocytes and their macrophage and dendritic cell progeny serve three main functions in the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monocytes can develop from either a granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) or a monocyte-dendritic cell progenitor (MDP). (frontiersin.org)
  • Common myeloid progenitor (CMP), granulocyte progenitor (GP), monocyte-committed progenitor (MP), common monocyte progenitor (cMoP), common dendritic cell progenitor (CDP), conventional dendritic cell (cDC), plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC). (frontiersin.org)
  • Sia + IgG induced increased expression of CD80 and dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) on monocytes, whereas the expression of HLA-DR was decreased. (scirp.org)
  • THP-1 cell data were further confirmed using freshly isolated monocytes from healthy human volunteers ( n = 10). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Next to the response of microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), infiltration of monocytes from the blood occurs, but the exact role of monocyte infiltration and the interplay between microglia and monocytes in vivo is still largely unknown. (europa.eu)
  • In this study, we sought to understand the role of monocyte characteristics that are critical in the establishment of the HIV reservoir. (hawaii.edu)
  • Monocytes can migrate into tissues and replenish resident macrophage populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The picture is complicated by the fact that monocytes fall into morphologically and functionally different populations and population shifts interact heavily with dysregulation of the individual cells. (nih.gov)
  • Specific populations of monocyte-derived brain cells develop critical relationships with malignant gliomas. (dovepress.com)
  • We obtained highly purified monocyte sub-populations from the blood of HIV-infected participants on virally suppressive cART and evaluated the viral content and composition using flow cytometric and PCR technologies. (hawaii.edu)
  • We observed unique HIV viral signatures among the monocyte populations. (hawaii.edu)
  • I propose to develop new PET tracers targeting CCR2 as a tool to visualize infiltration of monocytes in the CNS in vivo to help elucidate their role in disease. (europa.eu)
  • The information generated from these studies may be helpful in designing intervention strategies aimed at inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species in the vasculature that is associated with signaling events of monocyte recruitment and infiltration involved in atherosclerosis. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium dysfunction, followed by immune cell (including monocytes) infiltration into the vascular intima to induce forming of plaques. (ki.se)
  • Consequently, a greater post-MI monocyte-derived myocardial macrophage infiltration was noted in Hmox1-deficient individuals. (springer.com)
  • The production by monocytes of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis syndrome (n = 23) or noninfectious shock (n = 6) is reported. (jci.org)
  • The ultrafine particles also caused significant increases in H2O2 production by monocytes and lipid peroxidation. (cdc.gov)
  • In WT as well as in T cell-, B cell-, and innate lymphoid cell-deficient mice, allogeneic grafts elicited persistent differentiation of monocytes into mature DCs that expressed IL-12 and stimulated T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. (jci.org)
  • In contrast, syngeneic grafts in the same mice elicited transient and less pronounced differentiation of monocytes into DCs, which neither expressed IL-12 nor stimulated IFN-γ production. (jci.org)
  • On the other hand, it is known that the differentiation of monocytes into TAMs is in direct relationship with the severity of prognosis and clinical outcomes. (researchsquare.com)
  • As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aside from their differentiation capacity, monocytes can also directly regulate immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monocytes play an important role in both innate immunity and antigen presentation for specific cellular immune defense. (nih.gov)
  • Monocytes can also present fungal antigens to elicit adaptive immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review will highlight the roles of monocytes in the immune response to some of the major fungi that cause invasive human disease, including Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Candida, Histoplasma, Blastomyces , and Coccidioides , and discuss potential strategies to manipulate monocyte responses in order to enhance anti-fungal immunity in susceptible hosts. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, it is not clear how gut macrophages, relative to recruited blood monocytes and other myeloid cells, contribute to the intestinal inflammatory milieu, nor how macrophages and their monocyte precursors mediate recruitment of other immune cells to the inflamed intestine. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection leaves an inflammatory imprint in the monocyte/ macrophage compartment that drives aberrant macrophage effector functions and eicosanoid metabolism, resulting in long-term immune aberrations in patients recovering from mild COVID-19. (nature.com)
  • Monocyte, an element of the immune system, is a heterogeneous cell showing different responses to different stimuli. (researchsquare.com)
  • In mice, monocytes can be divided in two subpopulations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sensing of fungi by monocytes triggers signaling pathways that mediate direct effects like phagocytosis and cytokine production. (frontiersin.org)
  • Simultaneous stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) activating receptor on monocytes results in the amplification of the inflammatory signal and multiple increase in proinflammatory cytokine production. (hindawi.com)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the role of Hmox1 in the monocyte/macrophage-mediated cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of MI. (springer.com)
  • PG and RG exhibited higher levels of CD169 + monocyte counts and higher CD169 expression was detected in intermediate and non-classical monocytes from RG and PG than that found in NG. (medrxiv.org)
  • MPA patients differed from GPA patients in terms of lower frequency of classical monocytes. (lu.se)
  • Monocytes can perform phagocytosis using intermediary (opsonising) proteins such as antibodies or complement that coat the pathogen, as well as by binding to the microbe directly via pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monocytes and their derivatives, including macrophages and dendritic cells, play diverse roles in the response to fungal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our data suggest that periodontal pathogens can activate monocytes , resulting in increased IL-17 production by human CD4(+) T cells , a process that appears enhanced in patients with PD. (bvsalud.org)
  • The WBC differential channel classifies Lymphocytes (LYMPH), Monocytes (MONO), Eosinophils (EO), and Granulocytes by cellular complexity and nucleic acid content. (crlcorp.com)
  • Monocytes from patients with chronic renal failure differ from those of healthy individuals in the pattern of surface molecule expression, cytokine and mediator production, and function. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, mRNA expression profiles in human and murine colon samples, and in macrophages and monocytes from healthy and inflamed murine colons, were analysed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and mRNA microarray. (frontiersin.org)
  • It has recently been shown that murine intestinal macrophages are continually repopulated from circulating blood monocytes, identified by expression of the cell surface markers Ly6C, CCR2, and CD62L ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • I will perform comparative gene expression studies and analyze the developmental relationship between TEMs and other monocyte-lineage cells. (europa.eu)
  • In accordance, inhibition of NF-kB translocation by a synthetic inhibitor Bay 11-7082 significantly diminished homocysteine-induced ICAM-1 expression and adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In addition, incubation of monocytes with D,L- homocysteine and L-homocysteine resulted in significant increase in the number of adhering monocytes to unstimulated endothelial monolayer by upregulating the expression of beta-2 integrins. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In support of the role of increased oxidant stress for the above mentioned effects, treatment of endothelial cells with the superoxide scavengers MnTBAP or Tiron together with homocysteine abolished homocysteine-induced monocyte adhesion, ICAM-1 expression and the nuclear translocation of NF-kB. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Incubation of THP-1 monocytes with Tiron abolished homocysteine-induced beta-2 integrin expression on these cells and adhesion to unstimulated endothelial cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The present study examined the effects of Sia + IgG on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocyte and macrophage surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. (scirp.org)
  • The dynamics of those receptors expression on monocyte surface of patients with uncomplicated SIRS course followed coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) was studied. (hindawi.com)
  • The increase in TLR2 and TREM-1 expression on the first day after CABG induces proinflammatory and amplification potentials of monocytes in that period. (hindawi.com)
  • OBJECTIVE To determine the expression of CD44 on peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils in SLE, and examine the relations with disease activity and numbers of circulating apoptotic neutrophils. (bmj.com)
  • RESULTS Monocyte CD44 expression was significantly lower in SLE (median MCF 4.71) than in healthy normal subjects (median MCF 5.61) and controls with RA (median MCF 5.39). (bmj.com)
  • The levels of tumor-necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in monocytes were detected by ELISA and the expression of miR-155 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) in monocytes before and after the treatment of TPT at different concentrations. (curehunter.com)
  • Over-expression of miR-155 significantly reversed the down-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 by TPT in monocytes. (curehunter.com)
  • TPT up-regulated the expressions of SOCS1 and SHIP-1 in monocytes, but over-expressed miR-155 antagonized the effect of TPT on SHIP-1 while the expression of SOCS1 was not affected. (curehunter.com)
  • TPT suppressed the expression of miR-155 and up-regulated the release of SHIP-1, thus inhibiting the inflammatory response in the LPS-stimulated monocytes of RA patients. (curehunter.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS- Collectively, these data suggest that high glucose induces TLR2 and -4 expression via PKC-α and PKC-δ, respectively, by stimulating NADPH oxidase in human monocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • oxLDL was found to significantly increase the expression of ICAM‑1 and VCAM‑1 in ECs under HG conditions whilst also enhancing the adhesion of monocytes to ECs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This was accompanied by higher numbers of Ly6C hi monocytes in peripheral blood, as well as higher expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and adhesion molecules in the hearts of MI-operated Hmox1 −/− mice. (springer.com)
  • Platelet activation and granule release were significantly higher on day 0 compared with day 28, as determined by ADP- or thrombin-induced surface CD62P expression, baseline released CD62P, and thrombin-induced platelet-monocyte complex formation. (lu.se)
  • C and D ) t-SNE plots of monocytes as presented in A colored coded by their expression levels of MHCII (HLA-RB1/HLA-DPB1/HLA-DRA/HLA-DQB1/HLA-DPA1/HLA-DQA1/HLA-DMA/HLA-DRB5/HLA-DQA2 and HLA-DMB) ( C ) or CD74 ( D ) transcripts. (elifesciences.org)
  • CD74 and MHCII expression increases with culturing time of CD14+ monocytes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Pg or Aa stimulation of monocytes resulted in increased CD40, CD54 and HLA-DR expression, and enhanced TNF-α, IL-1 ß, IL-6 and IL-23 production . (bvsalud.org)
  • Monocytes/macrophages were exposed to swine facility organic dust extract (ODE), whereupon NOD2 expression was evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot. (cdc.gov)
  • Prior to disease onset, splenic Ly6Chi monocytes expressed a polarized macrophage phenotype (M1 signature), which included increased levels of chemokine receptor CCR2. (nih.gov)
  • Here we investigate the effect of material wrinkled topographies on the responses of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs. (rsc.org)
  • Subsequently, rosmarinic acid treatment significantly reversed oxLDL‑induced overexpression of adhesion molecules and monocyte‑EC adhesion, oxLDL‑induced endothelial junction hyperpermeability and monocyte transmigration through the endothelial monolayer under HG conditions, in a dose‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • There are at least three subclasses of monocytes in human blood based on their phenotypic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • A peptide mimetic of a ligand for the galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific C-type lectin receptors (GCLR) exhibited monocyte-stimulating activity, but did not extend survival when applied alone against a syngeneic murine malignant glioma. (dovepress.com)
  • Monocytes are mononuclear cells and the ellipsoidal nucleus is often lobulated/indented, causing a bean-shaped or kidney-shaped appearance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results from murine studies ( 2 ) combined with the observation of radiolabelled blood monocytes in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of IBD patients ( 15 ), indicate that increased LP inflammatory mononuclear cells are a result of monocyte recruitment, rather than expansion of a tissue resident macrophage population. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, monocyte transmigration through the endothelial monolayer was significantly increased by oxLDL treatment under HG conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Clinical trials with chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) antagonists, aiming to reduce recruitment of monocytes and thereby reducing neuroinflammation, do not show clinical efficacy. (europa.eu)
  • We found that inflammatory monocytes were activated and that their progressive recruitment to the spinal cord, but not brain, correlated with neuronal loss. (nih.gov)
  • As disease onset neared, microglia expressed increased CCL2 and other chemotaxis-associated molecules, which led to the recruitment of monocytes to the CNS by spinal cord-derived microglia. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment with anti-Ly6C mAb modulated the Ly6Chi monocyte cytokine profile, reduced monocyte recruitment to the spinal cord, diminished neuronal loss, and extended survival. (nih.gov)
  • Our results suggest that recruitment of inflammatory monocytes plays an important role in disease progression and that modulation of these cells is a potential therapeutic approach. (nih.gov)
  • As the recruitment of circulating monocytes to the vessel wall plays a crucial role in the process of atherosclerosis, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of homocysteine on the interaction of endothelial cells with monocytes. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The results of these studies will increase significantly our knowledge of the biological functions of proangiogenic monocytes in tumor development, and may improve cancer therapies by enlightening novel and yet unrecognized therapeutic targets and by providing proof-of-feasibility of a new gene therapy strategy. (europa.eu)
  • Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a well-known component of the inflammatory infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment, originating from monocytes. (researchsquare.com)
  • These findings underscore the importance of innate recognition of allogeneic non-self by monocytes in initiating graft rejection. (jci.org)
  • Further, once within the colon and relative to other myeloid cells, monocytes represent the dominant local source of both IL-1β and TNF. (frontiersin.org)
  • Monocytes are selected by adherence or negatively enriched by magnetic separation. (jove.com)
  • Splenectomy decreased the numbers of circulating inflammatory Ly6C hi monocytes in blood, reduced the numbers of proinflammatory cardiac macrophages and significantly improved the post-MI LV function in Hmox1 −/− mice. (springer.com)
  • In some instances, fungi have developed mechanisms to evade the consequences of monocyte activation and subvert these cells to promote disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, we know less about the biological effects of IL-21 and its signaling mechanisms in leukemia cells and monocytes. (intechopen.com)
  • For the first time, we will compare the monocyte transcriptome and plasma markers of cerebral neuropathology of Stony Brook WTC Health Program responders within a longitudinal study design to identify molecular mechanisms underlying monocyte dynamics and the biological processes involved in the progression of MCI to dementia. (cdc.gov)
  • To gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for enhanced thromboxane (TX) A2 biosynthesis in homozygous homocystinuria due to cystathionine-beta-synthase deficiency (CBSD), we measured a series of platelet and monocyte variables in 9 homozygous and 8 obligate heterozygous CBSD patients and evaluated their relationships to thromboxane formation, as reflected by urinary excretion of its major metabolite, 11-dehydro-TXB2 (TXM). (haematologica.org)
  • Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in oxLDL‑induced endothelial permeability and monocyte diapedesis under HG conditions, in addition to the potential effects of rosmarinic acid. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, we identify that murine blood monocytes receive systemic signals enabling increased release of IL-1β prior to egress from the blood into the colon. (frontiersin.org)
  • BACKGROUND Increased numbers of apoptotic neutrophils, and impaired monocyte/macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, have been demonstrated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (bmj.com)
  • Given that the monocyte count at the time of diagnosis dynamically reflects the systemic inflammatory response to cancer, studies often measure monocyte count at the time of diagnosis in their patients. (researchsquare.com)
  • In contrast to interleukin-8 and interleukin-6, the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was capable of inducing steatosis in hepatocytes in a time-dependent manner at concentrations similar to those found in conditioned medium. (unige.ch)
  • CONCLUSION: The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secreted by adipose tissue may induce steatosis not only recruiting macrophages but also acting directly on hepatocytes. (unige.ch)
  • Triptolide inhibits the inflammatory response of monocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients by regulating miR-155]. (curehunter.com)
  • To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide ( TPT ) by regulating miR-155 in monocytes pre-stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. (curehunter.com)
  • Monocytes are mechanically active cells and migrate from blood to an inflammatory site to perform their functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monocytes are also capable of killing infected host cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such monocyte-derived cells do, however, retain the signature of monocytes in their transcriptome and they cluster with monocytes and not with bona fide dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infected alveolar epithelial cells release a series of chemoattractants, such as CCL2, which recruit inflammatory monocytes to the site of infection 11 . (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, homocysteine-incubation of endothelial cells and monocytes resulted in a dose-dependent and significant increase in the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Monocyte-derived brain cells may be important targets for creating effective immunological modalities such as employing the receptor system described in this study. (dovepress.com)
  • We evaluated various carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) against all four described serotypes of DENV replication in Raji/DC-SIGN(+) cells and in monocyte-derived DC (MDDC). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • These monocytes isolation protocols can contribute to the development of reliable methods for the purification of human dendritic cells for research and clinical applications. (jove.com)
  • The main advantage of these protocols is that they facilitate the isolation of human monocytes and their differentiation into viable and functional monocyte derived cells. (jove.com)
  • To isolate monocytes by the adherence method, culture five times 10 to the seven cells of the resulting PBMC pellet per 10 milliliters of complete medium in a new T75 flask for two hours at 37 degrees celsius and five percent carbon dioxide in a humidified incubator. (jove.com)
  • Certain genetic abnormalities affect the function of monocytes and macrophages and cause buildup of fatty (lipid) debris within the cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview about the impairment and activation of monocytes by uremia and the resulting clinical consequences for renal failure patients. (nih.gov)
  • The global Monocyte Activation Tests market is steadily gaining traction, triggering a need for comprehensive insights into this emerging sector. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • This market research report is your roadmap to navigate the promising arena of Monocyte Activation Tests with confidence and acumen. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The global market for Monocyte Activation Tests estimated at US$10.8 Million in the year 2022, is projected to reach a revised size of US$29.8 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 13.5% over the analysis period 2022-2030. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Monocyte Activation Test Kits, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to record 14.7% CAGR and reach US$16.3 Million by the end of the analysis period. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The Monocyte Activation Tests market in the U.S. is estimated at US$3.3 Million in the year 2022. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • What is the estimated value of the Global Market for Monocyte Activation Tests? (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The Global Market for Monocyte Activation Tests was estimated to be valued at $10.8 Million in 2022. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • What is the growth rate of the Global Market for Monocyte Activation Tests? (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The growth rate of the Global Market for Monocyte Activation Tests is 13.5%, with an estimated value of $29.8 Million by 2030. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • What is the forecasted size of the Global Market for Monocyte Activation Tests? (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The Global Market for Monocyte Activation Tests is estimated to be worth $29.8 Million by 2030. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Who are the key companies in the Global Market for Monocyte Activation Tests? (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Activation of monocytes by pathological factors (i.e. obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia) serves as the key mechanism to promote the disease development. (ki.se)
  • The major aim is to understand how an excess of lipids in the circulation alters the monocyte epigenome, particularly at enhancer regions, and modulates their metabolic activation, memory and atherogenic properties. (ki.se)
  • However, it remains unclear whether oxLDL‑mediated inflammasome activation can regulate the interaction between monocytes and ECs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Monocyte activation and procoagulant status at baseline and post activation were heterogeneous but generally lower on day 0 compared with day 28. (lu.se)
  • Resident monocytes have the ability to patrol along the endothelium wall in the steady state and under inflammatory conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings suggest that superoxide anion radicals mediate homocysteine's effects on endothelium-monocyte interactions. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Our results argue against abnormalities of platelet and monocyte function being responsible for the abnormally high in vivo TXA2 biosynthesis in homocystinuria due to CBSD. (haematologica.org)
  • We recently discovered a new membrane protrusion (termed beaded apoptopodia) generated by apoptotic monocytes which fragments to release an abundance of ApoBDs. (nature.com)
  • To investigate the function of apoptotic monocyte disassembly, we used influenza A virus (IAV) infection as a proof-of-concept model, as IAV commonly infects monocytes in physiological settings. (nature.com)
  • Together, this study reveals a previously unrecognised function of apoptotic monocyte disassembly in the pathogenesis of IAV infections. (nature.com)
  • Apoptotic monocytes generate long membrane protrusions that exhibit a unique 'beads-on-a-string' morphology, termed beaded apoptopodia, which undergo a segmentation-like event to fragment into an abundance of ApoBDs. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, we utilised IAV infection as a model to further dissect the functional consequence of the disassembly of apoptotic monocytes. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, we identified a commonly used antipsychotic, Haloperidol, as an inhibitor of apoptotic monocyte disassembly, which could impair IAV propagation via ApoBDs and lessen disease severity. (nature.com)
  • Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for about 24 hr and then move into tissues, at which point they mature into macrophages, which are long lived. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Monocytes and liver-resident macrophages are activated by stimuli from the microenvironment and communicate with metabolic tissues to affect disease progression. (ki.se)
  • Monocytes compose 2% to 10% of all leukocytes in the human body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Together, this emphasizes the need to unravel the role of infiltrating monocytes in human disease in vivo. (europa.eu)
  • We found that treatment with these septapeptides strongly and rapidly downregulated the multiplication of DENV-1 16007, DENV-3 16562, and DENV-4 1036 but not that of DENV-2 16681 in primary human monocytes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Although they can be derived from monocytes, a large proportion is already formed prenatally in the yolk sac and foetal liver. (wikipedia.org)