Monoclonal immunoglobulin clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell. (wikipedia.org)
Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, binding only to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different antibody-secreting plasma cell lineages. (wikipedia.org)
Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one monoclonal antibody to two epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
Monoclonal antibodies are being used on a clinical level for both the diagnosis and therapy of several diseases. (wikipedia.org)
In 2020, the administration of monoclonal antibodies was authorized by several countries for treating moderate symptoms of COVID-19. (wikipedia.org)
This underpinned the concept of monoclonal antibodies and monoclonal drug conjugates. (wikipedia.org)
324 In 1973, Jerrold Schwaber described the production of monoclonal antibodies using human-mouse hybrid cells. (wikipedia.org)
In 1975, Georges Köhler and César Milstein succeeded in making fusions of myeloma cell lines with B cells to create hybridomas that could produce antibodies, specific to known antigens and that were immortalized. (wikipedia.org)
In 1988, Gregory Winter and his team pioneered the techniques to humanize monoclonal antibodies, eliminating the reactions that many monoclonal antibodies caused in some patients. (wikipedia.org)
By the 1990s research was making progress in using monoclonal antibodies therapeutically, and in 2018, James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation, using monoclonal antibodies that prevent inhibitory linkages. (wikipedia.org)
Much of the work behind production of monoclonal antibodies is rooted in the production of hybridomas, which involves identifying antigen-specific plasma/plasmablast cells that produce antibodies specific to an antigen of interest and fusing these cells with myeloma cells. (wikipedia.org)
The antibodies secreted by the different clones are then assayed for their ability to bind to the antigen (with a test such as ELISA or antigen microarray assay) or immuno-dot blot. (wikipedia.org)
Myeloma cells were added to spleen cells at a 5:1 myeloma/spleen cell ratio, and the cells in the mixed suspension were fused using a 50% solution of polyethylene glycol (1450 molecular weight) at 37°C. On day ten screening for hybrids secreting antibodies was performed using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (vin.com)
When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Although hamster immunoglobulin isotypes have not been well defined, BD Biosciences Pharmingen has grouped Armenian and Syrian hamster IgG monoclonal antibodies according to their reactivity with a panel of mouse anti-hamster IgG mAbs. (bdbiosciences.com)
The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone IG266. (science-bas.org)
These are purified antibodies cloned from a single cell. (labpedia.net)
The production of the monoclonal antibodies in the animals takes 3 to 6 months. (labpedia.net)
The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529 lineage) variants possessing numerous mutations has raised concerns of decreased effectiveness of current vaccines, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs for COVID-19 against these variants 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
In addition, we found that some therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (REGN10987 plus REGN10933, COV2-2196 plus COV2-2130, and S309) and antiviral drugs (molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir and S-217622) can restrict viral infection in the respiratory organs of BA.2-infected hamsters. (nature.com)
These findings suggest that the replication and pathogenicity of BA.2 is similar to that of BA.1 in rodents and that several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antiviral compounds are effective against Omicron BA.2 variants. (nature.com)
In addition, we evaluated the efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs for COVID-19 against BA.2 variants in vivo. (nature.com)
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) mostly are manufactured using bioengineered mammalian cells cultured in a bioreactor for two to three weeks. (bioprocessintl.com)
A multiplatform strategy for the discovery of conventional monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3. (omniab.com)
Generation of a highly diverse panel of antagonistic chicken monoclonal antibodies against the GIP receptor. (omniab.com)
Antigen-specific single B cell sorting and expression-cloning from immunoglobulin humanized rats: a rapid and versatile method for the generation of high affinity and discriminative human monoclonal antibodies. (omniab.com)
Expression of heavy chain-only antibodies can support B-cell development in light chain knockout chickens. (omniab.com)
The approach was applied to five different hybridomas producing human monoclonal antibodies and variable regions for both bold gamma and mu heavy chain and kappa and lambda light chain genes were successfully cloned. (lu.se)
It will also facilitate structural and functional studies of immunoglobulins as well as the rapid construction of chimeric antibodies. (lu.se)
In NCG, monoclonal antibodies are synthesized at an accelerated rate by nonmalignant B lymphocytes. (aai.org)
For confirming the S protein-specificity of IgG4-expressing B lymphocyte clones, four mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) were cloned from the BCR (B cell receptor) sequences, and their RBD binding and S protein-binding were assessed. (news-medical.net)
derivation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against rotavirus. (liverpool.ac.uk)
monoclonal antibodies were derived against the sa11 simian, nic bovine, and wa human rotavirus strains and characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, plaque neutralization, and hemagglutination inhibition. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The accurate, rapid, and high-throughput measurement of recombinant monoclonal antibodies is essential during drug discovery and development. (moleculardevices.com.cn)
Treatment includes plasma exchange as needed for hyperviscosity and systemic therapy with alkylating drugs, corticosteroids, nucleoside analogs, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, venetoclax , or monoclonal antibodies. (merckmanuals.com)
In vitro studies revealed that knockdown of B7-H3 on tumor cells enhanced T-cell growth and interferon-γ secretion when stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies. (oncotarget.com)
Monoclonal antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of EGFR and small molecule inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor have been evaluated in the treatment of several solid tumours including CRC, NSCLC and HNSCC [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
B cells are lymphocytes that produce antibodies upon encountering an antigen or disease-causing pathogen and form the humoral immune response. (bioexplorer.net)
Antibodies, also known as Immunoglobulins , are glycoproteins produced by the B lymphocytes upon encountering a pathogenic substance. (bioexplorer.net)
These mature B cells are called Plasma cells which then secrete millions of antibodies into the bloodstream, thus activating the humoral immune response. (bioexplorer.net)
Mediates a process known as opsonization which refers to antibodies coating a pathogenic cell to lure the phagocyte toward the antigenic surface of the pathogen. (bioexplorer.net)
Explore our solutions for multiple applications - vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, cell or gene therapy. (vwr.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are created by infusing an antigen into a host creature to start a humoral safe reaction. (eccscotland.com)
Due to their B cell properties, some hybridoma clones proceed to combine and emit hereditarily homogeneous antibodies against a solitary epitope, called monoclonal antibodies. (eccscotland.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are homologous to regular immunoglobulins from the source vaccinated creature, yet dissimilar to polyclonal antibodies cleaned from serum, they are well defined for a solitary epitope and give a stable long haul supply of delivered by hybridomas in vitro. (eccscotland.com)
We offer a wide scope of monoclonal antibodies for use in different applications. (eccscotland.com)
This question is basically significant while working with monoclonal antibodies. (eccscotland.com)
Polyclonal antibodies, be that as it may, are normally IgG class immunoglobulins. (eccscotland.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are most usually evolved in mice and every so often in rodents, hamsters, or bunnies. (eccscotland.com)
In the event that the subclass of the essential immunizer isn't known, then enemy of Mouse IgG F(ab) auxiliary antibodies might be utilized since they perceive most mouse immunoglobulin subclasses. (eccscotland.com)
Optional antibodies are polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies that tight spot to essential antibodies or neutralizer parts, like the Fc or Fab locales. (eccscotland.com)
While, our monoclonal optional antibodies are delivered from mouse hybridoma clones. (eccscotland.com)
What is the difference between monoclonal and clonal antibodies? (dbbiotech.com)
Clonal antibodies are monospecific such as monoclonals. (dbbiotech.com)
The principal difference between these two types of antibodies is that the clonal antibodies recognize solely very specifically selected linear epitope on the antigen molecule after its detailed proteomic analysis, whereas the monoclonal antibodies recognize very often steric epitopes that frequently change their conformation during tissue preparation, protein extraction, etc., making the corresponding monoclonal antibody unspecific, less avid and in extreme cases not functional. (dbbiotech.com)
Can clonal antibodies be used for the same applications as polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies? (dbbiotech.com)
Clonal antibodies are comparable to monoclonals, but they recognize only the linear epitopes whereas their specificity, affinity and avidity remain unchanged even in case of possible transformation of the antigen conformation. (dbbiotech.com)
No. Immunoaffinity purified polyclonal antibodies (whether the immunogen is the whole protein or selected peptide) are always represented by numerous fractions of immunoglobulins corresponding to all epitopes in the immunogenic sequence. (dbbiotech.com)
Abcam is leading the way in addressing this with our range of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and knockout edited cell lines for gold-standard validation. (abcam.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are subsequently identified by screening after each round of selection. (chunyangtech.com)
Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats. (bvsalud.org)

Founded on the secretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein), plasma cell proliferative disorders are classified as monoclonal gammopathies and include multiple myeloma (MM), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), amyloidosis (AL), light chain deposition disease (LCDD), POEMS syndrome, and premalignant diseases such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). (degruyter.com)
Due to the wide range of disease presentations, identification of the M-protein by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) may be the first clue to the diagnosis of a monoclonal gammopathy followed by subsequent isotyping via immunofixation (IFE) or immunosubtraction (ISUB). (degruyter.com)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS): where is the hidden danger? (springermedizin.at)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant hematological condition arising from B‑cells, characterized by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin production, also known as paraprotein. (springermedizin.at)
Every case of monoclonal gammopathy warrants careful investigation to rule out the presence of a malignant form. (springermedizin.at)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant B‑cell neoplasia usually arising from plasma cells and less frequently from lymphoplasmacytic cells. (springermedizin.at)
L chain-type (AL) amyloidosis is related to both multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) . (medscape.com)
In addition to cases of monoclonal gammopathy in which the secreted clonal immunoglobulin remains in solution and those in which secreted clonal immunoglobulin forms amyloid deposits, a third group consists of cases in which the monoclonal proteins accumulate in various organs, but the deposits do not form fibrils. (medscape.com)
MGUS = monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. (medscape.com)
To identify the monoclonal gammopathy. (labpedia.net)
To monitor the treatment with monoclonal gammopathy. (labpedia.net)
It is a so-called monoclonal gammopathy spike like M-protein and paraprotein. (labpedia.net)
Secondary monoclonal gammopathy. (labpedia.net)
Idiopathic monoclonal gammopathy. (labpedia.net)
1 B cell neoplasms other than multiple myeloma including non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and acute and chronic leukaemias might also exhibit lytic bone lesions, hypercalcaemia, and monoclonal gammopathy via the particular actions of interleukin (IL-1), IL-6, or tumour necrosis factor-α secreted by the neoplastic B cell clone, but not reported previously secondary to a primary cerebral lymphoma. (bmj.com)
In this article we discussed the current state of monoclonal gammapathy of renal significance (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance - MGRS) and revealed problems of B-cell clone secreting nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulin identification. (ter-arkhiv.ru)
After myeloma, macroglobulinemia is the 2nd most common malignant disorder associated with a monoclonal gammopathy. (merckmanuals.com)

By the 1970s, lymphocytes producing a single antibody were known, in the form of multiple myeloma - a cancer affecting B-cells. (wikipedia.org)
In most patients with a monoclonal plasma cell disorder, whether multiple myeloma or MGUS, the monoclonal L chain secreted by the clone remains soluble in the bloodstream. (medscape.com)
Thus, some patients with AL amyloidosis meet the diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma, whereas other patients can be considered as having MGUS in which the clonal immunoglobulin product is amyloidogenic. (medscape.com)
Monoclonal light chains also called κ or Bence Jones protein, are seen in the urine of Multiple myeloma cases in 75 % of the patients. (labpedia.net)
Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of plasma cells. (emedicodiary.com)
Multiple myeloma is a chronic, progressive and fatal malignant condition in which the fundamental abnormality is a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells that infiltrate the bone marrow and often other body tissues. (emedicodiary.com)
Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
These data suggest the energy of the KISS1R like a novel biomarker for multiple myeloma, capable of focusing on both tumor cells and sponsor cells of the tumor microenvironment. (onlycoloncancer.com)

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is used to quantify the serum monoclonal component or M-protein, for diagnosis and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathies. (degruyter.com)
Using therapeutic monoclonal antibody-spiked sera and a pooled beta-migrating M-protein, we aimed to assess SPEP limitations and variability across 16 laboratories in three continents. (degruyter.com)
Immunoglobulin-related amyloidosis is a monoclonal plasma cell disorder in which the secreted monoclonal immunoglobulin protein forms insoluble fibrillar deposits in one or more organs. (medscape.com)
The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates viral receptor binding and membrane fusion, both of which are essential for viral infection of host cells. (nature.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the several proteins that become sequentially incorporated into the cornified cell envelope during the terminal differentiation of keratinocyte at the outer layers of epidermis. (thomassci.com)
This protein interacts with periplakin, which is known as a precursor of the cornified cell envelope. (thomassci.com)
Disorders characterized by abnormal proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells and abnormal proliferation of immunoglobulin monoclonal (M protein)represent part of the spectrum of disease due to the neoplastic behavior of the B lymphocyte series. (emedicodiary.com)
Furthermore, E1A DNA and protein persisted in epithelial cells in the lungs of these animals 9 . (ersjournals.com)
As she maintained urinary protein of 3.10 g/gCr and 5-9 urinary red blood cells/HPF, a renal biopsy was performed and small spikes on PAM staining with the granular deposition of IgG1++ and IgG3+ on the glomerular capillary wall were discovered by immunofluorescence, although PLA2R immunostaining was negative. (bvsalud.org)
Immunostaining with the anti-p16 INK4a antibody was positive for glomerular cells, and Western blot analysis of urinary protein showed a positive band for p16 INK4a. (bvsalud.org)
In plasma cell disorders, disproportionate proliferation of one clone in the bone marrow results in a corresponding increase in the serum level of its product, the monoclonal immunoglobulin protein (M-protein). (msdmanuals.com)
Plasma cell disorders may be suspected because of clinical manifestations, most often bone disease, renal failure, and low blood counts, or an incidental finding of elevated serum protein or proteinuria that leads to further evaluation with serum or urine protein electrophoresis. (msdmanuals.com)
Results from overproduction of immunoglobulins by plasma cells detected on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP). (thebloodproject.com)
1800) and a monoclonal protein band of IgG-κ type was detected by immunoelectrophoresis. (bmj.com)
A dense narrow band that is composed of a single class of immunoglobulins secreted by an abnormally expanded clone of plasma cells is known as M-protein (paraprotein, monoclonal protein or M-component). (medscape.com)
Monoclonal pattern serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP). (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] Plasma cell disorders are typically associated with the presence of an M-protein (see Table 2 below). (medscape.com)
Serum protein electrophoresis only showed hypoalbuminaemia, and bone marrow and splenic aspirates showed no abnormal cell clones. (who.int)
Diagnosis typically requires demonstration of M-protein (sometimes present in urine and not serum but rarely absent entirely) and/or light-chain proteinuria, and excessive plasma cells in the bone marrow. (merckmanuals.com)
In 15 to 20% of patients, plasma cells secrete only Bence Jones protein. (merckmanuals.com)
Rarely, patients have no M-protein in blood and urine, although the currently used serum free light chain assay now demonstrates monoclonal light chains in many of these formerly so-called nonsecretory patients. (merckmanuals.com)
Excessive amounts of IgM M-proteins (monoclonal immunoglobulin protein, which may consist of both heavy and light chains or of only one type of chain) can also accumulate in other disorders, causing manifestations similar to macroglobulinemia. (merckmanuals.com)
EGFR mutations were absent from squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and tonsils, but EGFR protein expression was detected in the majority of the cases. (biomedcentral.com)
It is disclosed herein that the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 binds to α4β7 integrin on CD4+ T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T-cells. (justia.com)
The selected monoclonal scFv is cloned into an appropriate vector containing a Fc portion of interest and then produced in mammalian cells to generate an IgG like scFv-Fc fusion protein. (chunyangtech.com)

As positive control a polyclonal anti-C1q antibody was used and as negative control an isotype matched monoclonal antibody (Ref.1). (origene.com)
Chronic diseases give rise to polyclonal bands of these immunoglobulins. (labpedia.net)
It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)
Autoimmune cytopenias (hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia) AND elevated immunoglobulin G levels (polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia) is part of the revised diagnostic criteria for APLS. (thebloodproject.com)
Although clinical practice guidelines exist for approaching a patient with a monoclonal paraprotein, there is no such guidance for working up an individual with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. (thebloodproject.com)
Polyclonal - generalized increase in immunoglobulins associated with the diffuse activation of B cells, plasma cells or lymphoplasmacytic cells. (thebloodproject.com)
This pattern suggests a polyclonal increase in immunoglobulins. (medscape.com)
The cryoglobulins were tested by immunofixation, which detected monoclonal IgM and polyclonal IgG with only traces of IgA (i.e. type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia) ( Figure 1 ). (who.int)
A formed counter acting agent is a monoclonal or polyclonal immunizer connected to a mark and utilized for recognition in an assorted scope of measure procedures. (eccscotland.com)
This immunoglobulin is the product of one single B-cell line from the crude anti-peptide polyclonal anti-serum. (abcam.com)

In myeloma, plasma cells produce monoclonal (M) Ig of a single heavy and light chain commonly referred to as a paraprotein. (emedicodiary.com)

Depending on the immunoglobulin subtype, the rate of progression can vary from 0.3% per year in light-chain MGUS to 1.5% in IgM MGUS. (springermedizin.at)

These atypical B-lymphocytes are single clones of the proliferating cells that will produce single immunoglobulin (Ig) or its fragments. (labpedia.net)
Plasma cells are derived from B lymphocytes and produce immunoglobulin (Ig) which contains heavy and light chains. (emedicodiary.com)
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)
In order to determine whether this high production rate is related to a clonal B cell expansion, the rearrangement of the Ig genes was investigated by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA extracted from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of four NCG patients. (aai.org)
In VI the idiotype of the IgG cryoglobulin was also detected in association with IgM in the supernatant of Epstein-Barr virus-stimulated B lymphocytes using a murine monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody. (aai.org)
Further, flow cytometry analysis was performed to characterize anti-S memory B lymphocytes by IgG subclasses among PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) samples, obtained from 11 individuals post-second dose and third dose administration. (news-medical.net)
Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed for anti-S B lymphocytes obtained from four donor individuals 210.0 days post-second dose and 10.0 days post-third dose of Comirnaty vaccines. (news-medical.net)
Among anti-S memory B lymphocytes, the frequency of immunoglobulin G4 subclass-switched B lymphocytes (from IgG1 and IgG3 to IgG4) was 14.0% (median) compared to the repertoire of memory B lymphocytes (median of 1.0%) post-booster doses. (news-medical.net)
Total excision of the lesion disclosed large lymphocytes with oval and vesicular nuclei, and prominent nucleoli consistent with "intermediate grade large cell malignant lymphoma" according to the working formulation. (bmj.com)
The key inflammatory cells involved in the genesis of asthma are mast cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and epithelial cells. (respiratory-therapy.com)
T cells are lymphocytes that bear T cell receptors on their surface and are part of the cell-mediated immune response. (bioexplorer.net)
The primary immunologic abnormality resulting from infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the progressive depletion and functional impairment of T lymphocytes expressing the CD4 cell surface glycoprotein. (justia.com)

To date, the class and specificity of one of these clones has been determined. (vin.com)
To determine the specificity of the monoclonal antibody produced, an appropriately designed ELISA and a Western blot were performed. (vin.com)

In monoclonal gammopathies, M-proteins are visualized as a restricted area of migration in the electrophoretic pattern which can be gated and quantified [ 4 ]. (degruyter.com)
These monoclonal gammopathies are a clonal disorder of B-lymphocyte proliferation. (labpedia.net)

Attention is focused on clonal myeloid disorders, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, and plasma cell dyscrasias. (ascopost.com)
The researchers used whole-exome sequencing to detect the presence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in peripheral blood cells and associated that discovery with coronary heart disease using samples from 4 case-control studies that together enrolled 4,726 participants with coronary heart disease and 3,529 controls. (ascopost.com)
Clonal plasma cell proliferative diseases in which the V l 6 gene is expressed are always associated with amyloid deposition. (medscape.com)
After encountering the appropriate antigen, some B cells undergo clonal proliferation into plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
anemia, or pancytopenia: Clonal cells can infiltrate bone matrix and/or marrow. (msdmanuals.com)
This approach will permit analysis of B cell clonal ontogeny, antibody diversity and lymphoma cell progression and heterogeneity. (lu.se)
In three of four (VI, BR, and CH) clonal expansion of B cells was detected using probes specific for the c kappa, JH, c gamma 4 genes (in accordance with detecting IgG kappa cryoproteins in these patients). (aai.org)
In cases where a high suspicion for a clonal plasma cell disorder is high, more sensitive tests such as a serum immunofixation or free light chain assay should be performed. (medscape.com)
We recommend to use DB Detection system or in general anti-rabbit immunoglobulins conjugated or unconjugated according to the application of the clonal antibody. (dbbiotech.com)
5. Kline GH, Hayden TA, Riegert P. The initiation of B cell clonal expansion occurs independently of pre-B cell receptor formation. (southernbiotech.com)

Paraprotein is the presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin band (M-band) in the serum. (emedicodiary.com)
Due to the dilutional effect of a large amount of paraprotein in circulation, depression of erythropoiesis by infiltration of myeloma cells in the bone marrow, and the effects of cytotoxic drugs. (emedicodiary.com)

They are preferentially expressed by a variety of adenocarcinomas, including breast, prostate, ovarian and pancreatic carcinomas as well as malignant plasma cells of multiple myelomas. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It is a malignant proliferation of plasma cells. (emedicodiary.com)
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. (lookformedical.com)
or toxic light chains secreted by the malignant plasma cells): Some M-proteins show antibody activity against self-antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
Lesions are caused by bone replacement by expanding plasmacytomas or by cytokines that are secreted by malignant plasma cells that activate osteoclasts and suppress osteoblasts, leading to bone loss. (merckmanuals.com)
Macroglobulinemia is a malignant plasma cell disorder in which B cells produce excessive amounts of IgM M-proteins. (merckmanuals.com)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of disorders involving malignant monoclonal proliferation of lymphoid cells in lymphoreticular sites, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, the. (merckmanuals.com)

A mouse isotyping strip (Serotec, Inc.) indicated that the monoclonal antibody is IgA with kappa light chains. (vin.com)
Of patients producing either IgG or IgA, 40% also have Bence Jones proteinuria, which is free monoclonal kappa ( κ ) or lambda ( λ ) light chains in the urine. (merckmanuals.com)
This monoclonal antibody is specific to the lambda light chain of immunoglobulins and shows no cross-reaction with the kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. (teomics.com)

To find the light chains / heavy chains of immunoglobulin in the urine. (labpedia.net)
Monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) consists of heavy and light chains. (labpedia.net)
IFE identifies the monoclonal Ig and also identifies light chains or heavy chains. (labpedia.net)

High temperatures and an altered redox environment may compromise the quality of MAbs produced (e.g., fragmentation, truncation), as can the presence of proteases, reductases, and other chemicals released from dead cells. (bioprocessintl.com)

Wells yielding absorbance (405 nm) readings above 0.2 were considered positive for production of immunoglobulin. (vin.com)

In nearly all cases, the deposits contain immunoglobulin light (L) chains or L-chain fragments, termed L chain-type amyloidosis (AL). (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulin L and H chains are two of 20 different fibril proteins that have been described in human amyloidosis. (medscape.com)

Is a type of hypergammaglobulinemia that results from an increased production of several different immunoglobulins by plasma cells. (thebloodproject.com)

It is defined as a group of disorders arising from the abnormal proliferation of a single clone of immunoglobulin-secreting cells giving rise to paraproteinaemia. (emedicodiary.com)
Paraproteinaemia is a disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells due to the neoplastic behavior of B-Lymphocytic series with an increase in serum level of homogenous immunoglobulin (monoclonal IG) or its fragments. (emedicodiary.com)
Bone becomes soft due to infiltration and proliferation of myeloma cells causing destruction of medullary and cortical bone and causing osteolysis due to increased osteoclastic activity by a factor released by myeloma cells). (emedicodiary.com)
Overview of Plasma Cell Disorders Plasma cell disorders are a diverse group of disorders of unknown etiology characterized by Disproportionate proliferation of a single clone of B cells Presence of a structurally and electrophoretically. (merckmanuals.com)

As such, C1q promotes the clearance of apoptotic cells and subsequent exposure of auto antigens, thereby preventing stimulation of the immune system. (origene.com)
B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
Here, they begin to differentiate into mature cells, each of which can respond to a limited number of antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
During the early 1990s, breakthroughs in cloning and sequencing of Norwalk virus and Southampton virus ( 15--18 ) led to the development of sensitive molecular assays (e.g., reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]), nucleotide hybridization probes, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) that used baculovirus-expressed viral antigens ( 19--33 ). (cdc.gov)

Aberrant immunoglobulin and c-myc gene rearrangements in patients with nonmalignant monoclonal cryoglobulinemia. (aai.org)
The status of the immunoglobulin (Ig) genes was investigated in patients with idiopathic nonmalignant monoclonal IgG cryoglobulinemia (NCG). (aai.org)

The clinical significance of this condition is the risk of life-threatening infections by encapsulated organisms, such as streptococcus and Haemophilus influenzae (normally dealt with by antibody responses), which makes it crucial that patients who could be potentially affected are fully assessed and monitored for antibody deficiency and prophylactic measures, such as antibiotics or immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT), are promptly instituted to prevent end organ damage. (rcpjournals.org)

This abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in the serum, CSF, and urine. (labpedia.net)

Before the discovery that the major fibril component in these patients was an immunoglobulin fragment, patients with light chain-type amyloidosis were described as having primary amyloidosis (primary in the sense of idiopathic) or, when the burden of monoclonal plasma cells was large, myeloma-associated amyloidosis. (medscape.com)

The relationship among light chain-type amyloidosis (AL), the other monoclonal plasma cell disorders, and the other amyloidoses. (medscape.com)
Current choices for first-line treatment of systemic L-chain amyloidosis are autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and combination chemotherapy (see Treatment and Medication ). (medscape.com)

These monoclonal plasma cell disorders can be categorized according to the total body burden of monoclonal plasma cells. (medscape.com)
Rarely, transient plasma cell disorders occur in patients with drug hypersensitivity (eg, sulfonamides, phenytoin , penicillin), with presumed viral infections, and after heart or transplant surgery. (msdmanuals.com)
In addition, an M component may be detected in other lymphoid malignancies like chronic lymphocytic leukemia, any B- or T- cell lymphomas, breast cancer, colon cancer, cirrhosis, sarcoidosis, and other autoimmune disorders. (medscape.com)

Rational genetic engineering to enhance biotherapeutic proteins has become a reality catalyzed by publication of the genome sequences of multiple Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. (bioprocessintl.com)
Desirable attributes of a CHO cell line include its ability to produce high titers of biotherapeutic proteins facilitate quick recoveries and selection processes maintain phenotypic and genetic stability throughout in-vitro aging of a culture. (bioprocessintl.com)
Less commonly, patients develop hyperviscosity due to the large amounts of high molecular weight monoclonal IgM proteins circulating in plasma, but most patients do not develop problems related to high IgM levels. (merckmanuals.com)

Monoclonal Anti-MUC1 (mouse IgG1 isotype) is derived from the hybridoma 1D1 produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with semi-purified MUC1 from pleural effusion of a breast cancer patient. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Rabbit B-cells can be used to form a rabbit hybridoma. (wikipedia.org)
This medium is selective for fused (hybridoma) cells. (wikipedia.org)
cDNA encoding variable regions could be amplified from single hybridoma cells isolated by micromanipulation. (lu.se)

The monoclonal antibody 6D5 recognizes the same epitope as the published clone, 1D3. (southernbiotech.com)

Allergic diseases are characterized by biphasic reactions mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). (respiratory-therapy.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

The monoclonal antibody must be present at a concentration of at least 0.5 g/dL in order to be accurately identified using SPEP. (medscape.com)

Unlike the myeloma, Congo red staining was positive in the plasma cells of the bone marrow. (bvsalud.org)
After developing in the bone marrow, undifferentiated B cells enter peripheral lymphoid tissues, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and gut (eg, Peyer patches). (msdmanuals.com)
Studies with CD19-deficient mice have suggested that this molecule may not be required for normal generation and maturation of B cells in the bone marrow. (southernbiotech.com)

Guinea pig primary peripheral lung epithelial cells (PLECs) transfected with adenovirus E1A (E1A-PLECs) were compared to guinea pig normal lung fibroblasts (NLFs) transfected with E1A (E1A-NLFs). (ersjournals.com)
E1A transfection results in the transformation of peripheral lung epithelial cells and normal lung fibroblasts to a phenotype intermediate between that of the two primary cells. (ersjournals.com)
The changes that occur during adenoviral E1A transformation of primary guinea pig PLECs were also compared with those occurring during the transformation of the fibroblasts that frequently contaminate primary epithelial cultures, and evidence is presented that both cell types are transformed to an intermediate phenotype. (ersjournals.com)
Immunoglobulin replacement therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing infections, morbidity and mortality in primary antibody deficiencies but secondary antibody deficiencies are in general poorly defined and there are no guidelines for the management of patients with this condition. (rcpjournals.org)
Primary antibody deficiencies are caused by genetic defects that usually affect B-cell development and/or function. (rcpjournals.org)
2 We describe an unusual presentation of a B cell primary cerebral lymphoma mimicking a plasma cell dyscrasia. (bmj.com)
Cutting edge: Primary and secondary effects of CD19 deficiency on cells of the marginal zone. (southernbiotech.com)

these rnas were transcribed into cdna by oligo(dg)-primed reverse transcriptase and cloned after insertion into pbr322 at the pst i site. (liverpool.ac.uk)

In normal serum, SPEP yields a broad gamma fraction with Gaussian distribution due to the millions of plasma cell clones that secrete immunoglobulins into the serum. (degruyter.com)

Lymphoma b cell. (lookformedical.com)
Staining with CD10 was also positive confirming the diagnosis of B cell lymphoma. (bmj.com)
Studies on nasal T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma have been hampered by its tendency to cause necrosis. (ashpublications.org)

from each immunoglobulin molecule. (equimount.com)
In humans, the CD19 molecule on the surface of mature B cells associates with CD21 (CR-2) and CD81 (TAPA-1), and this multimolecular complex synergizes with surface immunoglobulin to provide signal transduction and promote cellular activation. (southernbiotech.com)

Prof Shattock's group is responsible for the DNAVAC project (https://www.cavd.org/grantees/Pages/Grantee-Shattock.aspx) which aims to apply recent state of the art technological advances in DNA vaccination and immune monitoring, both at the single cell and molecular level, to enable detailed probing of developing vaccine induced antibody responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
Objective To determine the effect of vitamin D3 on interferon-β (IFN-β) response and immune regulation in MS mononuclear cells (MNCs). (neurology.org)
4 ] Interactions among subsets of immune cells through costimulatory ligands and their receptors are essential for the initiation of an immune response. (oncotarget.com)
There are broadly two types of cells that are involved in the immune reaction - T cells and B cells. (bioexplorer.net)
In the event that the essential monoclonal is one of the mouse IgG subclasses, practically any enemy of mouse IgG optional immune response ought to tie to it. (eccscotland.com)

By electrophoresis, there is a spike of monoclonal Ig (Antibody). (labpedia.net)

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. (lookformedical.com)

Unfused spleen cells cannot grow indefinitely because of their limited life span. (wikipedia.org)
Only fused hybrid cells referred to as hybridomas, are able to grow indefinitely in the medium because the spleen cell partner supplies HGPRT and the myeloma partner has traits that make it immortal (similar to a cancer cell). (wikipedia.org)
The spleen cells were removed for fusion with the myeloma cell line CRL 1580 (ATCC). (vin.com)
In many methodology, spleen cells from these hosts are combined in vitro with refined harmful myeloma cells. (eccscotland.com)

These libraries consist of scFv (single chain fragment variable) composed of VH (variable domain of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain) and VL (variable domain of the human immunoglobulin light chain) connected by a polypeptide linker. (chunyangtech.com)

The relationship among the plasma cell dyscrasias and the amyloidoses is depicted in the image below. (medscape.com)

However, in some patients, the physicochemical characteristics of the immunoglobulin L chain or L-chain fragment lead to its deposition as amyloid. (medscape.com)
Patients with this form are described as having nonamyloid monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD). (medscape.com)
Immunofluorescence showed diffuse deposition of glomerular basement membrane immunoglobulin (Ig)M and complement component C3, with mesangial IgG, but negative for C4, fibrin and IgA. (who.int)

In a recent study published in Science Immunology , researchers evaluated immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccinations. (news-medical.net)

The majority of people with monoclonal spikes are myeloma patients. (labpedia.net)

C1q functions as recognition unit by binding to the heavy chain of IgG or IgM (Fc gamma and Fc micro) provided that the immunoglobulins are bound to their antigen. (origene.com)

Adenoviral DNA is retained by peripheral epithelial cells of the lung (PLECs) in humans in whom the viral E1A gene is expressed 4 without replication of a complete virus 5 . (ersjournals.com)
Case-control studies have shown that the E1A DNA from group C adenoviruses is present in greater amounts in the lungs of patients with COPD than in controls with normal lung function matched for age, sex and smoking history 5 , and that the excess inflammation in the lungs of smokers with severe emphysema is associated with increased numbers of alveolar epithelial cells expressing E1A 6 . (ersjournals.com)
Reports from several laboratories suggest that a phenomenon termed epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, in which epithelial cells transform into fibroblasts capable of producing connective tissue matrix, is an important feature of tissue remodelling 10 , 11 . (ersjournals.com)
electron-optic demonstration of rotaviruses in human small intestine epithelial cells]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
In the cerebellar cortex, tenascin-C mRNA in Golgi epithelial cells was down-regulated 3 days after the lesion and returned to control values 80 days after the lesion. (researchgate.net)

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia also shows a monoclonal spike. (labpedia.net)
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia always shows a serum IgM-type monoclonal band. (labpedia.net)

The hybridomas can be grown indefinitely in a suitable cell culture medium. (wikipedia.org)
Remarkable cell clones are secluded and those that endure the combination step are known as hybridomas. (eccscotland.com)

ValitTiter is a simple add-mix-read assay based on fluorescence polarization, for rapid quantification of Fc-containing immunoglobulins in cell culture supernatant and cell culture media. (moleculardevices.com.cn)

Anatomy22

Organisms9

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs109

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment50

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care3

Antibodies62

Gammopathy17

Multiple myeloma8

Protein25

Polyclonal10

Produce monoclonal1

MGUS1

Lymphocytes15

Specificity2

Gammopathies2

Clonal10

Paraprotein2

Malignant9

Kappa3

Light chains3

MAbs1

Production of immunoglobulin1

Chains2

Different immunoglobulins1

Proliferation4

Antigens4

Cryoglobulinemia2

Significance1

Abnormal1

Idiopathic1

Amyloidosis2

Disorders3

Proteins3

Hybridoma4

Epitope1

Diseases2

Concentration1

Bone3

Primary7

CDNA1

Secrete1

Lymphoma3

Molecule2

Immune5

Electrophoresis1

Lymphoid cells1

Spleen4

Polypeptide1

Plasma cell dyscrasias1

Deposition3

Immunology1

Myeloma patients1

Heavy chain1

Epithelial cells5

Macroglobulinemia2

Hybridomas2

Assay1