Monoclonal antibody antigens plant. Medical search. Frequent questions

Development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of 6-benzylaminopurine and its ribose adduct in bean sprouts. (cdc.gov)
An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was developed with a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb 3E5). (cdc.gov)
1985. Detection of Potato Virus S, X, and Y by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay on Nitrocellulose Membrane (Dot-ELISA): Plant Diseases 69: 202-205. (ugm.ac.id)
Four monoclonal antibodies generated by immunization of mice with live T. foetus were selected on the basis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactions. (docksci.com)
Supernatants were tested for antibody by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as described below, with whole T. foetus as the antigen. (docksci.com)
In this study, we presented a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) with the emphasis on the replacement of VNT for C-strain post-vaccination monitoring. (biomedcentral.com)
Antigen seize enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of the p24 gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is presently the commonest technique used to reveal virus replication each in vivo and in vitro. (ncbcs.org)

Although the assembled VLPs do not have S protein spikes, they could be developed as formulations that can improve the immunogenicity of vaccines including S antigens, and further could be used as platforms that can carry S antigens of concern for various mutations. (nature.com)
The terms CCD or CCDs describe protein-linked carbohydrate structures responsible for the phenomenon of cross-reactivity of sera from allergic patients towards a wide range of allergens from plants and insects. (wikipedia.org)
Plant-based vaccines share many characteristics with other recombinant technologies, in which the gene encoding a specific antigen, such as a viral receptor-binding protein, is introduced into a cell. (iptonline.com)
For the N. benthamiana platform, the ideal bacterium is Agrobacterium tumefaciens that has been attenuated, so that it no longer makes the plants sick, and has been modified, so that it inserts the genetic information to drive production of the vaccine protein instead of its own proteins. (iptonline.com)
Using the monoclonal antibody rituximab as a model therapeutic protein, a uniform Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2 (A2G2) glycoform without α-1,6-fucose, plant-specific α-1,3-fucose or β-1,2-xylose residues was produced. (umd.edu)
Biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking of secretory and lysosomal/vacuolar proteins, glycosylation and other post-translational protein modifications as determinants of protein structure and function, catalytic properties and physiological functions of proteases and glycosylation enzymes, proteolysis and its pathological and biotechnological relevance, recombinant expression of biotherapeutics in plants, plant membrane protein biochemistry. (boku.ac.at)
With the PHB-01 antibody as a model, we demonstrated that the insertion of DNA elements, the TM2 (MAR) and M4 insulator, flanking the transcriptional cassettes that encode the light and heavy chains of the PHB-01 antibody, increased the protein accumulation that remained stable in the first plant progeny. (bvsalud.org)
in contrast to protein production via cell cultures or eggs, which is relatively complicated and time-consuming, plants express proteins of varying complexity and glycosylation patterns with high efficiency. (nature.com)
The QIV is produced as virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of a lipid bilayer studded with disease-specific protein antigens. (nature.com)
The H protein was detected by western blot in the membrane fraction of transformed carrot plants. (lih.lu)
Although this suggests a different glycosylation pattern, proper folding of the transgenic protein was confirmed by conformational-dependent monoclonal antibodies. (lih.lu)
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S1) is produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and fused to a 6X Histidine tag for use in Western blot and ELISA applications. (capebiologix.com)
The Spike Protein is the characteristic surface antigen of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or 2019 Novel Coronavirus. (capebiologix.com)
Protein A fused to horseradish peroxidase is produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and provides a versatile and economical means for detecting antibodies in WB and ELISA applications. (capebiologix.com)
The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (TSHD7A), and neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein (NELL-1) are major autoantigens against podocyte antigens in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In these animals, the murine monoclonal antibodies contain only 33% murine protein. (stonecottagegardens.com)
After the primary antibody is bound to the target protein, a complex with HRP-linked secondary antibody is formed. (cellsignal.com)
Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component signaling systems, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing. (pathfinderacademy.in)
The globular head domain of influenza virus surface protein hemagglutinin (HA1) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Rarely, patients have no M-protein in blood and urine, although the currently used serum free light chain assay now demonstrates monoclonal light chains in many of these formerly so-called nonsecretory patients. (msdmanuals.com)
the viable epidermis has been achieved, and protein adducts have been formed, there is a need for antigen processing. (cdc.gov)
First described in 1848, MM is characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein (M protein). (medscape.com)

Positive cell lines were transferred to 12-well plates, retested by the ELISA for activity, and cloned by limiting dilution at least twice, until the cell lines were stable (as exhibited by 90% of the wells showing positive supernatants in the ELISA with whole T. foetus as the antigen). (docksci.com)
Development of ELISA for Ophiostoma ulmi using antigen coated wells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Here, we described a competitive ELISA (cELISA) developed with a neutralizing anti-E2 monoclonal antibody. (biomedcentral.com)

1989. Dot-immunobinding Assay for Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Using Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies. (ugm.ac.id)
p24 antigen capture assay for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus using readily available inexpensive reagents. (ncbcs.org)
In this study, we have developed a biolayer interferometry (BLI)-based assay to determine dominant binding epitopes of the HA1 in antibody response to influenza vaccines using a panel of recombinant HA1 proteins of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus with each carrying a single amino acid substitution. (cdc.gov)

Here, we demonstrate that non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 VLPs can be successfully assembled by co-expressing three important viral proteins membrane (M), envelop (E) and nucleocapsid (N) in plants. (nature.com)
VLPs are highly immunogenic and can induce elevated titers of neutralizing antibodies, even without adjuvants, thanks to the maintenance of the native conformation of viral proteins presenting repetitive epitopes to the host immune system cells. (nature.com)
Many plants are prolific natural producers of proteins, potentially making them efficient 'factories' for vaccine or antibody production. (iptonline.com)
This robust little plant, a very distant relative of the American tobacco plant, was increasingly used in laboratories around the world because of the ease with which foreign genetic material could be introduced to drive the transient expression of proteins of interest (3). (iptonline.com)
However, our technology also offers the flexibility of a versatile platform for expressing recombinant proteins, either as antigens for vaccine manufacturing or as pharmaceuticals, including monoclonal antibodies. (amerstem.com)
The expression of recombinant proteins in plants is a valuable alternative to bioreactors using mammalian cell systems. (bvsalud.org)
However, stably transformed plants expressing antibodies normally have a poor accumulation of these proteins that probably arise from the negative positional effects of their flanking chromatin. (bvsalud.org)
Quebec-based Medicago is transforming the use of plant-based technologies to rapidly develop and produce novel vaccines and therapeutic proteins. (nature.com)
So Medicago, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company located in Quebec, Canada, is harnessing a plant-based transient expression process to produce pharmaceutical-grade proteins in a matter of weeks. (nature.com)
While the speed and accuracy of the system are ideal for vaccines, our plant-based platform is extremely versatile and can be used for producing all sorts of therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies. (nature.com)
Immunohistochemical analyses using an anti-Gau monoclonal antibody revealed strict co-localization of Gau proteins and a mitochondrial marker. (biomedcentral.com)
Description, distribution, activity and phylogenetic relationship of ribosome-inactivating proteins in plants, fungi and bacteria // Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry. (medline.ru)
Infiltrating this plant species with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells, transformed with our proprietary plant expression vectors, allows rapid production of a wide variety of recombinant proteins. (capebiologix.com)
Plants are harvested and proteins extracted by various stages of filtration, clarification, purification, and polishing - resulting in a highly functional final product. (capebiologix.com)
And antigen-loaded class ii loci presentation to activated helper t cell activation initial step involves the tors including serotonergic, dopaminergic, hista- minic, and muscarinic activity, but ii- the 2 position to simulate molecular mo- the confort algorithm extremely fast if the patient or any other patient (departments of health, 1994), recommending that pharmacists will have to be the origin of microbial proteins to predict such interaction. (stonecottagegardens.com)

The remaining four directed against a second epitope gave significant persistent fractions which could be reduced by addition of complement, anti-mouse immunoglobulin, or antibody 2.25.4. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Monitoring of laying capacity, immunoglobulin Y concentration, and antibody titer development in chickens immunized with ricin and botulinum toxins over a two-year period // Poult. (medline.ru)
The term pemphigus refers to a group of autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes characterized histologically by intraepidermal blister and immunopathologically by the finding of in vivo bound and circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody directed against the cell surface of keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

Antibodies Incorporated provides custom polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies & immunochemistry products and services. (biosciregister.com)
As little as one amino acid substitution in the HA1 can result in an antigenic drift of influenza viruses, indicating the dominance of some epitopes in the binding of HA to polyclonal serum antibodies. (cdc.gov)

During this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many studies on the development of plant-derived vaccines and antibodies are underway. (nature.com)
Initial efforts to use plants to produce vaccines focused on the idea of so-called 'edible vaccines' that were based on transgenic crops, such as potatoes or bananas. (iptonline.com)
Although this early work showed promise, plant-based vaccine technology took a major leap forward with the idea of using plants as bioreactors - or mini-factories - to create the key biological components of vaccines. (iptonline.com)
The first candidate plant-based vaccines produced by transient transfection were reported in 1989 at the Scripps Research Institute in California. (iptonline.com)
In 1998, scientists at the National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases demonstrated that plant-based vaccines could elicit strong immune responses, a significant milestone in the evolution of this technology. (iptonline.com)
Although plant-based vaccines have since become well-established in veterinary medicine, confidence in the technology to combat human disease has been slower to develop. (iptonline.com)
Mimicking the native structure of viruses, VLPs are better recognized by the immune system-their size, structure, and repeated antigen patterns prompt an improved immune response compared with that initiated by split or recombinant subunit vaccines. (nature.com)
In addition, plants used for their manufacture are not susceptible to external threats such as avian flu, which can significantly impact the production of egg-based vaccines. (nature.com)
Rapid and accurate production of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies is critical for an effective response to health threats before they become global pandemics. (nature.com)
Although edible vaccines seem to be feasible, antigens of human pathogens have mostly been expressed in plants that are not attractive for human consumption (such as potatoes) unless they are cooked. (lih.lu)
Our study demonstrates a method to systemically analyze antibody immunodominance in the humoral response to influenza vaccines. (cdc.gov)

These five antibodies could be differentiated by competitive immunoassay as recognizing at least two antigenically distinct epitopes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Several different neutralization profiles were obtained, suggesting that point mutations resulted in conformational changes at topographically selected distinct epitopes recognized by the remaining antibodies. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The first two antibodies (TF3.8 and TF3.2) did not react with the surface of T. foetus, as determined by live-cell immunofluorescence, agglutination, and immobilization, whereas two other monoclonal antibodies (TF1.17 and TF1.15) did react with surface epitopes, as determined by these criteria. (docksci.com)
Scientists have screened neutralizing antibodies utilizing the virus receptor-binding area (RBD) as an antigen, indicating that RBD accommodates a number of conformational neutralizing epitopes, that are the primary structural domains for inducing neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immune responses. (bd-academy.org)

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a member of the tumor necrosis issue receptor superfamily, is universally expressed by regular and neoplastic plasma cells and performs a essential function within the proliferation, survival and tumor development in a number of myeloma (MM). B-cell activating issue (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) have been acknowledged as proliferation ligands for BCMA within the bone marrow microenvironment. (bd-academy.org)
Antibody- and T-cell-based approaches to targeting of B-cell maturation antigen have shown efficacy. (msdmanuals.com)

In serum-based allergy diagnosis, antibodies of the IgE class directed against CCDs therefore give the impression of polysensitization. (wikipedia.org)
A novel cELISA was established and optimized based on the strategy that 6B211 can compete with C-strain induced neutralizing antibodies in pig serum to bind capture antigen C-strain E2. (biomedcentral.com)

An efficient chemoenzymatic glycan remodeling technology using a plant expression system that combines in vivo deglycosylation with an in vitro chemoenzymatic glycosylation is described. (umd.edu)
When compared with the innovator product Rituxan®, the plant-made remodeled afucosylated antibody showed similar binding affinity to the CD20 antigen but significantly enhanced cell cytotoxicity in vitro. (umd.edu)
Using a scalable plant expression system and reducing the in vitro deglycosylation burden creates the potential to eliminate glycan heterogeneity and provide affordable customization of therapeutics' glycosylation for maximal and targeted biological activity. (umd.edu)
Immunization of mice with leaf or root extracts induced high titres of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies that cross-reacted strongly with the measles virus and neutralized the virus in vitro. (lih.lu)
Since these functions are in vitro correlates of protection, the antigens recognized by these monoclonal antibodies may induce protective immunity. (docksci.com)
Subsequent in vitro studies have demonstrated that antigens from P. acnes can stimulate the development of subclasses of T cells [ 6 ]. (escholarship.org)

Boiling may reduce the immunogenicity of many antigens. (lih.lu)
Innate and adaptive immune system: Cells and molecules involved in innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity. (pathfinderacademy.in)

Development and characterization of new monoclonal antibodies against porcine Interleukin-17A and Interferon-gamma. (usda.gov)
Molecular studies of LCM virus-induced immunopathology: development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to LCM virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Monoclonal antibodies to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Pichinde viruses: generation, characterization and cross-reactivity with other arenaviruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Characterization of Tritrichomonas foetus antigens by use of monoclonal antibodies. (docksci.com)

As a result of influenza vaccination may be poorly efficient some years, and the immune system of probably the most prone populations are sometimes compromised, passive immunization remedies utilizing broadly- neutralizing antibodies is a promising therapeuti c method. (bd-academy.org)

These anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies will be blockbuster drugs and an important component of multiple myeloma treatment. (ascopost.com)
An investigational class of agents in multiple myeloma, the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, could be the next blockbusters in this malignancy, myeloma experts predicted at the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition. (ascopost.com)
Anti-CD38 antibodies target multiple myeloma cells by binding to the CD38 antigen expressed on the cell surface and then signaling the patient's immune system to attack the tumor. (ascopost.com)
These anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, I believe, will be blockbuster drugs and an important component of multiple myeloma treatment," he predicted. (ascopost.com)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a debilitating malignancy that is part of a spectrum of diseases ranging from monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance ( MGUS ) to plasma cell leukemia. (medscape.com)

These plant-produced VLPs are capable of inducing protective immunity. (nature.com)
C1q-engagement with IgG and IgM sort antibodies is the initiating step of classical complement-mediated immunity. (ncbcs.org)

Virus-induced immune complex disease: identification of specific viral antigens and antibodies deposited in complexes during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Monoclonal antibodies to murine hepatitis virus-4 (strain JHM) define the viral glycoprotein responsible for attachment and cell-cell fusion. (microbiologyresearch.org)
These results demonstrate that transgenic carrot plants can be used as an efficient expression system to produce highly immunogenic viral antigens. (lih.lu)
Remedy and prevention of those viral illnesses name for the analysis and improvement of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NMAbs). (bd-academy.org)
The efficiency of airway-delivered anti-HA bnAbs had been extremely depending on anti-viral neutralization exercise with little dependence on the effector operate of the antibody. (bd-academy.org)
In distinction, effectiveness of systemically-delivered anti-HA bnAbs weren't depending on anti-viral neutralization, however critically depending on antibody effector capabilities. (bd-academy.org)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against Humicola lanuginosa , a thermophilic, saprophytic fungus that is commonly isolated from freshly harvested rice grains in Indonesia. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Most of the MAbs raised were IgM antibodies that cross-reacted with several of the storage fungi and/or uninfected rice grains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The central goal of this application is to develop a combination product comprising two fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced in plants for the prevention of serious disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (sbir.gov)

Plants are being considered as an alternative vaccine/mAb production system, especially in unexpected or emergency situations that cannot be solved by existing systems. (nature.com)
Among the latter, plant-based vaccine candidates could play an important role in the continued struggle against coronavirus, and a major role in the response to future pandemics. (iptonline.com)
In 2006, the United States Department of Agriculture approved the first plant-based vaccine to protect poultry against the Newcastle disease virus (1). (iptonline.com)
Developing an effective plant-based vaccine begins with finding the perfect plant. (iptonline.com)
Speed of growth, the volume of potential growth (often indicated by leaf size) and the capacity to transiently host foreign genetic material (i.e., the gene encoding a monoclonal antibody or a vaccine antigen) are all taken into consideration when assessing the suitability of a plant species as a bioreactor. (iptonline.com)
In 1999, the Alfalfa plant was a widely available perennial that showed promise as a vaccine bioreactor in transgenic models. (iptonline.com)
We are continuously expanding the enormous potential that plants offer by developing state-of-the-art technology tools needed for next-generation products for vaccine adjuvants, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals. (amerstem.com)
Furthermore, a WNV vaccine based on plant-derived DIII was developed showing proper folding and potentially protective immune response in mice. (asu.edu)
Overall, our study demonstrates great strives to develop efficacious therapeutics and potent vaccine candidates against Flaviviruses in plant expression systems. (asu.edu)
The QIV, which would be the first human plant-derived vaccine on the market, is expected to be available in time for the 2020-2021 Northern Hemisphere flu season, after completion of an ongoing phase 3 efficacy study in 10,000 healthy adults. (nature.com)

Ease of scaling, and their inability to host human pathogens, enhance the use of plants to generate complex therapeutic products such as monoclonal antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
The role of these peptides in various plant and animal species is to protect against various pathogens, such as bacteria [ 10 ]. (escholarship.org)
Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behavior by pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation, pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells. (pathfinderacademy.in)

Moreover, VLPs offer interesting biotechnological advantages as they can serve as scaffolds for presenting heterologous antigens capable of inducing immune responses against other infectious diseases. (nature.com)
Further, VLPs have the advantage that, contrary to inactivated or attenuated viruses that must be prepared in mammalian cell lines, they can be produced in heterologous systems, such as bacteria, yeasts, insect cells, or plants. (nature.com)
Variants of Tacaribe virus resistant to neutralization by antibody 2.25.4 were obtained by growth in the presence of this antibody and neutralization kinetics were reexamined using the heterologous monoclonal neutralizing antibodies. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Plant-based technology has come a long way since 1989, and, in many ways, reflects the progress and the evolving sophistication of the entire industry. (iptonline.com)

When in 1981 Rob Aalberse from the University of Amsterdam noticed the enormous cross-reactivity of some patients´ sera against virtually any plant and even insects, notably, insect venoms, it took ten years to arrive at a possible structural explanation of this phenomenon. (wikipedia.org)

While α-galactose as a part of glycoprotein glycans from vertebrates other than higher apes was known for a long time as being a prominent xeno-antigen, its implication in allergy only began to materialize when complications during treatment with a recombinant monoclonal antibody (Erbitux) were attributed to IgE directed against α-Gal containing N-glycans on this antibody. (wikipedia.org)
The hemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein is the principle target of neutralizing and protective antibodies against measles. (lih.lu)

We transformed carrot plants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens to generate plants (which can be eaten raw) transgenic for an immunodominant antigen of the measles virus, a major pathogen in man. (lih.lu)

This sequence is then introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens , a bacterial vector that can transfer genetic material to plants only. (nature.com)

We have successfully cloned the molecular constructs of E60, and expressed it in two plant lines with different glycosylation patterns. (asu.edu)

One of Amerstem's pursuits is aimed at utilizing plants to obtain natural compounds (secondary metabolites) that normally function as defense molecules. (amerstem.com)

Core α1,3-fucose was then found to be relevant for the binding of patients´ IgE to honeybee venom allergens, which contain N-glycans with structural similarities to plant N-glycans. (wikipedia.org)
Ever since then, core α1,3-fucose emerged as the structural element most relevant as a CCD in plants and insect allergens. (wikipedia.org)
I. Relationship of soluble antigens derived from infected BHK-21 cells to the structural components of the virion. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Furthermore, candidate genes at these intervals harboring major and stable QTLs were predicted, and they were associated with plant development and water transportation in most cases. (chinaagrisci.com)
The biotechnology behind the development and manufacture of this product, transient plant-based expression, effectively turns Nicotiana benthamiana plants into single-use, biodegradable bioreactors. (capebiologix.com)

Monoclonal antibodies prepared against Tacaribe and Junin viruses have been used to define further the serological relationships between arenaviruses of the Tacaribe complex. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It may also have wider use in DIBA-based screening and survey programs for plant viruses and could overcome plant quarantine restriction. (ugm.ac.id)
The tor for antibodies to the two viruses. (cdc.gov)
An autoimmune disorder caused when antibodies-immune system cells that fight off bacteria and viruses-mistakenly attack healthy body tissues and organs. (lupus.org)

Thus, the eco-sustainability of AmerStem's technology allows significant expansion of high-value plant biomass while preserving plant species in their natural ecological niches. (amerstem.com)
We develop alternative sources of biomass from high-value plant species, which are currently undergoing overexploitation and facing significant depletion. (amerstem.com)
Alternaria alternata is a species of cosmopolitan dematiaceous fungi commonly isolated from plants, soil, and food. (cdc.gov)

In response, our lab developed a plant-derived monoclonal antibody (mAb) (pHu-E16) against DIII (WNV antigen) that is able to neutralize and prevent mice from lethal infection. (asu.edu)

6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), a cytokinin plant growth regulator, has been banned for use in bean sprout production in China. (cdc.gov)
The pictures were provided by Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, China. (chinaagrisci.com)

Only two farms had animals that were free of antibody responses to either disease. (cdc.gov)
The overall antibody responses to PPRV and RPV were 22.4% and 6.28%, respectively. (cdc.gov)

A positionally conserved ORF has been found on the complementary strand of the cox1 genes of both eukaryotic mitochondria (protist, plant, fungal and animal) and alpha-proteobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
The two fungal antigens ( Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus ) measured are primarily outdoor antigens, which are transported into the indoor environment. (cdc.gov)

Plant Virology. (ugm.ac.id)

Evaluation of plaque size reduction as a method for the detection of Pichinde virus antibody. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Immunological detection of fungi in plants including stored cereals. (microbiologyresearch.org)

We also produced a plant-derived E16 scFv-CH1-3 variant with equivalent specific binding as the full pHu-E16 mAb, but only requiring one gene construct for production. (asu.edu)
We demonstrated that both plant-derived E60 mAb glycoforms retained specific recognition and neutralization activity against DV. (asu.edu)
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV )- specific antibody media were changed every 2 days and the inoculated cells prevalence in animals with clinical symptoms indicative of PPRV, observed for 12-14 days. (cdc.gov)
Second, a blood sample was also drawn at the NHANES examination site for allergen specific immunoglobin E (IgE) antibody testing to these same allergens (AL_IGE_D). Third, data on self-reported allergic symptoms and conditions and household characteristics was collected during household interview questionnaires (AGQ_D, RDQ_D, MCQ_D, HOQ_D). (cdc.gov)

However, the IgM antibody EC6 did not recognize antigens from rice grains and cross-reacted strongly with only one other test fungus, Penicillium variabile , and partially with two others. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab') 2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor ® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody. (cellsignal.com)
Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody #7074 was used as the secondary antibody. (cellsignal.com)

The second group con- two ruminant morbilliviruses, PPRV and RPV, have common sisted of 1,414 animals randomly selected for serologic antigens demonstrable in a variety of serologic test systems, screening for PPRV and RPV antibodies from herds near the and they also show a degree of cross-neutralization (12,13). (cdc.gov)

One antibody, TF1.15, also killed in the absence of complement. (docksci.com)
Tumor-shed antigen CA125 blocks complement-mediated killing via suppression of C1q-antibody binding. (ncbcs.org)

Although insertion of the genetic information can be accomplished in many ways, one of the most efficient methods in plant-based systems is the use of a bacterium that has all of the necessary 'machinery' to insert its own genes into plant cells. (iptonline.com)
The latter two monoclonal antibodies also mediated complementdependent killing of T. foetus and prevented of adherence of organisms to bovine vaginal epithelial cells. (docksci.com)
An antibody that binds to the nuclei of the body's own cells. (lupus.org)
and Neuro-2a cells using TREM2 (E7P8J) Rabbit mAb (Carboxy-terminal Antigen) (upper) and β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). (cellsignal.com)

It is hypothesized that sub-neutralizing cross-reactive antibodies from the first exposure aid the second infection in a process called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). (asu.edu)

Surveying both transgenic and non-transgenic models led to the ideal candidate in the early 2000s - Australian plant Nicotiana benthamiana. (iptonline.com)
The plant in question, Nicotiana benthamiana , is a close relative of tobacco indigenous to Australia, has a fast growth rate, is a non-food crop, and is easy to work with. (nature.com)
It was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated infiltration. (capebiologix.com)

Frontiers in Plant Science. (capebiologix.com)

One monoclonal antibody (6B211) which has potent neutralizing activity against C-strain was generated. (biomedcentral.com)

Compared to alternative production systems, our proprietary plant-based manufacturing platform has many advantages, including faster lead time, scalability and versatility," said Nathalie Charland, Medicago's senior director of scientific and medical affairs. (nature.com)
Plants being harvested at the Medicago production facility in Durham, North Carolina. (nature.com)
Monoclonal antibody production. (docksci.com)

Nonetheless, giant quantities of a single antibody are required for effectiveness when delivered by systemic administration (usually intravenous infusion) precluding the possible dosing of antibody mixtures through this route. (bd-academy.org)

Anatomy28

Organisms18

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs120

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science4

Health Care3

Enzyme-linke7

Protein22

ELISA3

Assay3

Proteins15

Immunoglobulin4

Polyclonal2

Vaccines11

Epitopes4

Maturation antigen2

Serum2

Vitro6

Immunogenicity2

Characterization4

Immunization1

Multiple myeloma5

Immunity2

Viral6

MAbs3

Vaccine10

Pathogens3

Heterologous3

19891

Cross-reactivity1

Glycoprotein2

Pathogen1

Bacterial1

Glycosylation1

Molecules1

Structural3

Development2

Viruses4

Species3

Neutralize1

Growth regulator2

Responses2

Fungal2

Virology1

Detection2

Specific4

Recognize1

Secondary2

Neutralization1

Complement2

Cells4

Infection1

Nicotiana3

Frontiers1

Potent1

Production3

Effectiveness1