Molecules that regulate gene expression regulated mirnas micro rna that regulates. Medical search. Frequent questions

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are endogenous, single-stranded, small (approximately 22 nucleotides in length) noncoding RNA molecules that play an important and ubiquitous role in regulating genes expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play a critical role in gonadal differentiation as well as early development of animals. (peerj.com)
Mechanistically, PTTG3P upregulated the expression of miR-383 targets Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 2 (PARP2) by sponging miR-383, acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
A series of studies indicate that lncRNAs serve as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) by sponging miRNAs, and modulate the targets of miRNAs [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

miRNAs are small, evolutionarily conserved, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression and have fundamental roles in cancer growth and metastasis. (biogenex.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate the expression of target genes by either mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)

MicroRNAs constitute a pervasive post-transcriptional filter on protein or mRNA expression levels that are likely to control developmental timing, cellular differentiation, stress responses, metabolism and proliferation. (mdpi.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are all non-coding RNAs that play vital role in post-transcriptional regulation of various animals and plants ( Bartel, 2009 ). (peerj.com)
MiRNAs regulate both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression as well as regulate several circuits involved in tissue repair, inflammation, hypoxia-response, and angiogenesis. (justia.com)

Animal miRNA are involved in neuronal cell fate, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, aging, apoptosis and organ morphogenesis, suggest that miRNAs are particularly critical in the development, health, and aging of animals ( Ameres & Zamore, 2013 ). (peerj.com)
Bioinformatics algorithms including miRCODE ( http://www.mircode.org/ ) suggest that miRNAs can interact with lncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

In conclusion, this work is the first report of sex-biased miRNAs expression in the budgerigar, and provides additional sequences to the avian miRNAome database which will foster further functional genomic research. (peerj.com)
Pseudogene, a subclass of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are considered as genomic loci that resemble real gene, but lost some functionality because they are lack of protein-coding ability because of disabling mutation, lack of transcription, or their inability to encode RNA [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, much genomic data and a novel body of knowledge, including the identification of microRNAs, are being increasingly accumulated for the development of laboratory testing cassettes for cerebral malaria prevention. (biomedcentral.com)

4 , 5 , 6 The idea, however, that miRNAs may play an important role in some human disease/disorders is gaining momentum, and as these molecules have the ability to silence many genes simultaneously, dysregulation of even a single miRNA can have a significant polygenic effect. (nature.com)
Dysregulation of miRNAs is frequently associated with disease and, in particular, is involved in prostate cancer progression. (oncotarget.com)
Dysregulation of miRNA has been widely reported in many cancer types, including breast cancer. (biogenex.com)

The function is performed by identifying 3′-UTRs (untranslated regions) of target mRNAs with conserved complementarities to the seed (nucleotides 2-7) of the miRNA. (spandidos-publications.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play an active role in the regulation of gene expression by modifying mRNA stability and translation, usually through specific albeit partial complementary binding to the 3′ untranslated region. (nature.com)

Until recently, it was unknown how sexual differences in the behavior, physiology, and development of organisms are regulated by differential gene expression. (peerj.com)
Differential expression of miRNA was documented using the BioGenex Xmatrx® automated system and miRNA ISH BRCA breast panel probes. (biogenex.com)

The expression of miR-126 was significantly lower in ESCC tissues, which was associated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor in-depth and TNM stage. (spandidos-publications.com)
Next generation miRNA sequencing identified a panel of five miRNAs associated with prostate cancer recurrence and metastasis. (oncotarget.com)
We detected miR-27a expression in two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549 and A549/CDDP, and then investigated the effects of miR-27a on the metastasis and the chemosensitivity of cancer cells, using both gain- and loss-of-function studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Next we explored the roles of miR-27a and its target Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) in regulating cisplatin resistance and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)

1 , 2 Most miRNAs are predicted to regulate several hundred mRNAs, and many mRNAs are regulated by multiple miRNAs. (nature.com)

MiRNAs typically bind to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of their mRNA targets and downregulate gene expression via mRNA degradation or translational inhibition ( 8 - 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
miRNAs exert their function via base pairing with complementary mRNA molecules, resulting in gene silencing via transcriptional repression or target degradation. (biogenex.com)

The two folded domains of Lin28 recognize two distinct regions of the RNA and are sufficient for inhibition of let-7 in vivo. (cornell.edu)

Therefore, it is important to describe their mechanisms of actions, expression patterns and possible target genes and cellular pathways with which they interact. (mdpi.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate several gene expressions, pathways, and complex biological networks at the cellular level acting either exclusively or together with other miRNAs. (justia.com)

So, miRNAs may influence many cellular activities. (spandidos-publications.com)
Indeed, miRNAs have been shown to be actively involved in the coordination of almost all major cellular processes, such as differentiation ( 11 ), proliferation ( 12 ), metabolism, and apoptosis ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
MiRNAs are reported to involved in multiple cellular processes [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However, it is unclear how cerebral ischemic stroke regulates cardiac function, what are the direct effects of stroke on cardiac function, and what are the underlying molecular mechanisms. (justia.com)
The mechanisms that regulate the transition between the dormant and proliferating states are largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)

This molecule is highly conserved in vertebrates enabling the investigation of its function in the developing zebrafish. (nature.com)

The expression of miR-126 was detected in cancerous and paired paracancer tissues from 102 patients with ESCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
In this study, we found that PTTG3P was up-regulated in HCC tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased miR-27a expression was also detected in tumor tissues sampled from lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy and was proved to be correlated with low expression of RKIP, decreased sensitivity to cisplatin, and poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)

In the current study, we sequenced two small non-coding RNA libraries made from the gonads of adult male and female budgerigars using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. (peerj.com)
Small non-coding RNAs in particular have emerged as potential candidates as they can exert a broad influence on functional networks and have been found to be dysregulated in SCZ postmortem brains. (nature.com)
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, well-conserved, non-coding RNA molecules that silence gene expression usually by interfering with mRNA stability or protein translation ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Studies have shown that the expression of miR-126 is downregulated in cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer and colon cancer ( 14 , 15 ), suggesting that the downregulation of miR-126 is significantly related to the occurrence and development of cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. (cornell.edu)
Small interfering RNA-mediated RKIP knockdown revealed similar effects as that of ectopic miR-27a expression, while overexpression of RKIP attenuated the function of miR-27a in lung adenocarcinoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)

Emerging evidence indicates that Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in tumor progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (biomedcentral.com)
Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)

Molecular basis for interaction of let-7 microRNAs with Lin28. (cornell.edu)
Our data provide a molecular explanation for Lin28 specificity and a model for how it regulates let-7. (cornell.edu)
The involvement of miRNAs in drug resistance is just beginning to emerge, and more studies are needed to identify other miRNAs, their molecular targets and the processes they affect. (biomedcentral.com)

We investigated miR-126 expression and its potential targets in ESCC. (spandidos-publications.com)

miRNAs can either function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)

In a previous study using a microRNA (miRNA/miR) microarray assay, we demonstrated that miR-133b-5p was upregulated in response to hypoxic preconditioning (HPC). (spandidos-publications.com)
Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were carried out to detect the interaction between miR-383 and LncRNA PTTG3P. (biomedcentral.com)
Although numerous methods are available for gaining information about miRNA signatures, in situ hybridization (ISH) assay is a powerful tool that allows direct assessment of malignant cells. (biogenex.com)
Global transcriptomic analysis on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) in a gentamycin protection assay at six time points unveiled the presence of three sequential host response waves: an early transient regulatory gene module followed by sustained and late effector responses. (nimml.org)

miR-126 mimics downregulated the expression of IRS-1 and GOLPH3 protein and suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells, whereas miR-126 inhibitors led to the opposite results. (spandidos-publications.com)
Up to 30% of human protein-coding genes may be regulated by miRNAs ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Protein-RNA complex formation imposes specific conformations on both components that could affect downstream recognition by other processing factors. (cornell.edu)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)
The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
The protein encoded by this gene cross-links to a region in the pre-mRNA immediately upstream of the branchpoint sequence in pre-mRNA in the prespliceosomal complex A. It also may be involved in the assembly of the B, C and E spliceosomal complexes. (nih.gov)
In addition to RNA-binding activity, this protein interacts directly and highly specifically with subunit 2 of the splicing factor 3B. (nih.gov)
This protein contains two N-terminal RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), consistent with the observation that it binds directly to pre-mRNA. (nih.gov)

15 These studies strongly implicate the MIR137 locus in the susceptibility for schizophrenia and suggest that the encoded miRNA may be involved in the disorder through a role in shaping neurodevelopment. (nature.com)
Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer is highly increased with mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2). (biogenex.com)

However, the role of microRNA in mammalian tissue development and differentiation is still quite uncharacterized. (mdpi.com)
Of these, three miRNAs were differentially expressed miRNAs and 18 miRNAs involved in sexual differentiation as determined by functional analysis with GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis. (peerj.com)
Although sexual dimorphism is most visual in birds (example peacock and peahen, hummingbirds, songbirds, paradise fly-catcher), the miRNAs involved in gender differentiation among Psittaciformes are not known. (peerj.com)
miRNAs are involved in biological and pathological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism, and they are emerging as highly tissue-specific biomarkers with potential clinical application for defining cancer types and origins. (spandidos-publications.com)
Among these, members of the let-7 miRNA family control many cell-fate determination genes to influence pluripotency, differentiation, and transformation. (cornell.edu)
BioGenex is pleased to launch two Super Sensitive TM Nucleic Acid miRNA in situ hybridization (SSNA miRNA ISH) probes and automated systems for differentiation of wild type and BRCA mutated breast cancer. (biogenex.com)

It has been suggested that abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)

Owing to their stability in biological fluids and resistance to various storage conditions, miRNAs are considered as useful biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment efficacy. (biogenex.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as important posttranscriptional regulators involved in various biological and pathological processes of cells, but their association with tumor chemoresistance has not been fully understood. (biomedcentral.com)

The malaria parasite exerted a potent selective signature on the human genome, which is apparent in the genetic polymorphism landscape of genes related to pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

3 These molecules play a crucial role in development, particularly in the brain, where they are believed to be particularly important for stabilizing gene-regulatory networks during the transition between developmental states. (nature.com)

The genes in the second group are called tumor suppressors. (cancerquest.org)

Using BioGenex ISH miRNA probes, the expression pattern of distinct miRNAs were successfully differentiated in wild type and BRCA mutated breast carcinomas. (biogenex.com)

High expression of one of these five miRNAs, miR-652, correlated significantly with an increased rate of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence. (oncotarget.com)
miR-27a was significantly up-regulated in cisplatin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma A549/CDDP cells compared with parental A549 cells. (biomedcentral.com)

HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
This gene encodes one of four subunits of the splicing factor 3B. (nih.gov)

This Special Issue of "Genes" seeks reviews and original papers covering a wide range of topics related to microRNA biology, such as regulation of expression in various disorders (cancer, metabolism, autoimmunity to mention but a few), genetics of microRNAs and their target sites, functional analysis of microRNA function and studies of interactions between microRNAs and target genes. (mdpi.com)

Recent studies have tested miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for determining BRCA mutated patient's prognosis. (biogenex.com)
Finally, we correlated the expression of miR-27a and RKIP with the chemotherapeutic status and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. (biomedcentral.com)

A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)
ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)

Utilizing microRNAs (miRNAs) as a potential biomarker to differentiate BRCA will allow for specialized treatment regimens and increased clinical care. (biogenex.com)

The effect of miR-126 expression on target proteins was assessed using miR-126 mimics or miR-126 inhibitors in ESCC cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
qPCR and Western blot were used to analyze LncRNA PTTG3P, miR-383 and other target genes' expression. (biomedcentral.com)

miR-27a regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cisplatin resistance in vitro and modulates response of lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs have a key role in drug resistance and EMT. (biomedcentral.com)

As compared with wild type breast cancer, expression of miR-17 and miR-21 was downregulated in BRCA mutated breast cancer, suggesting that the miRNA expression pattern may serve as a potential biomarker in predicting BRCA mutation status in invasive breast cancer. (biogenex.com)

It has been reported that miR-126 is located on chromosome 9q34.3 within the host gene encoding for epidermal growth factor like-7 (EGFL-7), an endothelial cell-derived, secreted inhibitor of smooth muscle cell migration and a regulator of blood vessel formation ( 12 , 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

However, very little is known about the role gonadal miRNAs play in the early development of birds. (peerj.com)
We observed miR-137 expression and activity in sensory neurons including Rohon-Beard neurons and dorsal root ganglia, two neuronal cell types that confer touch-sensitivity in normal zebrafish, suggesting a role of these cell types in the observed phenotype. (nature.com)
MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is endothelial cell (EC) specific and plays a key role in regulating EC function, controlling angiogenesis, and maintaining vascular integrity. (justia.com)

The high-density fluorophore-labeled SSNA probes combined with the BioGenex Super Sensitive ™ Detection System aid in studying the lowly expressed miRNA populations and miRNA expression profiles to assess the physiological function of miRNA. (biogenex.com)

The present disclosure provides a method for the treatment or prevention of a cardiovascular disorder or disease in a subject who has suffered cerebrovascular injury, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a miR-126 containing agent or an agent that induces expression of miR-126 to the subject in need thereof. (justia.com)
Additionally, we found that H. pylori induces a unique regulatory gene module with an early transient peak during infection including the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il10 . (nimml.org)

BioGenex has developed proprietary Super Sensitive Nucleic Acid (SSNA) miRNA probes that enhance signals from intrinsically low populated miRNAs. (biogenex.com)
There is no longer a need for signals to activate these genes. (cancerquest.org)
Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)

Without limitation, some embodiments comprise methods, systems, and/or compositions relating to microRNAs and/or cell based therapies and the use of the same in the research, diagnosis, or treatment of injury or disease. (justia.com)
The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)

While miR-137 overexpression was not associated with an observable specific phenotype, downregulation by antisense morpholino and/or transgenic expression of miR-sponge RNA induced significant impairment of both embryonic and larval touch-sensitivity without compromising overall anatomical development. (nature.com)
BioGenex unique SSNA miRNA ISH probes enable detection of single nucleotide mismatch thus allowing high sensitivity and specificity with a clean intense staining. (biogenex.com)

The larger the gene name, the more frequently that gene is defective in that cancer type. (cancerquest.org)

Anatomy8

Organisms7

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science5

Health Care2

Endogenous4

Negatively regulate2

Post-transcriptional3

Suggest that miRNAs2

Genomic3

Dysregulation3

Nucleotides1

MiRs1

Differential2

Metastasis4

MRNAs1

Degradation2

Inhibition1

Pathways3

Cellular3

Mechanisms2

Highly conserved1

Tissues3

Small7

Roles2

Molecular3

Targets1

Oncogenes7

Assay4

Protein10

Susceptibility2

Differentiation6

Abnormal2

Biological2

Pathogenesis1

Crucial1

Tumor suppressors1

Distinct1

Significantly2

Encodes2

Functional analysis1

Prognosis2

Cancers2

Clinical1

Target2

Resistance2

Biomarker1

Epidermal1

Role3

Function1

Induces2

Signals3

Cell3

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Cancer1