Molecules stable isotopes. Medical search. Frequent questions

It has only one stable isotope and its valence in all compounds is -1. (cdc.gov)
SIP using labeled 13 C compounds has shed light onto how the soil microbiome metabolizes certain molecules of interest such as cellulose 17 . (nature.com)
Stable isotopes are harmless compounds that can be used to track and measure the production of specific chemicals in the body. (nucdf.org)
Chemical synthesis of these compounds, stable isotope-labeled derivatives, and their analogs/inhibitors is an integral part of our overall studies of these biologically intriguing organic molecules. (umich.edu)
Labelled compounds are compounds in which one or more of the atoms of a portion of the molecules is replaced with or substituted by a detectable quantity of stable or radioactive isotope(s) of the elements present in them chemically, enzymatically or biosynthetically, using suitable precursors, reagents, reaction schemes and procedures. (britatom.gov.in)
No stable chemical compounds of neon have been observed. (mathisfunforum.com)
It is usually generated by the breakdown of more complex molecules containing carbon and hydrogen (organic compounds). (dunnhydrogeo.com)

In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs. (wikipedia.org)
For example, the empirical formula of ethanol may be written C2H6O because the molecules of ethanol all contain two carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. (wikipedia.org)
A molecular formula enumerates the number of atoms to reflect those in the molecule, so that the molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6 rather than the glucose empirical formula, which is CH2O. (wikipedia.org)
Yes, there are isotopes which would be stable if any atoms of them existed, and we can make them in the laboratory, but conditions in nature have never led to them being created. (stackexchange.com)
Stable isotope tracers (glucose, fatty acids and amino acids labelled with 2H, 13C and 15N-atoms) are ingested orally or infused directly into the blood stream. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Molecules of a uranium atom with six fluorine atoms exist as a gas. (jrank.org)
Molecules of the element consist of single atoms. (mathisfunforum.com)
There are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom per water molecule. (achievingthedream.org)
Atoms tend to combine with other atoms to form molecules (for example, hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water). (cdc.gov)
Radioactive atoms that become part of a molecule do not affect the way the molecule behaves in chemical reactions or inside your body. (cdc.gov)
They collide with the nuclei of stable atoms, resulting in the emission of energetic protons, alpha and beta particles, and gamma radiation. (msdmanuals.com)

Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process. (medchemexpress.com)
SIP encompasses a series of methods that involve the incorporation of heavy isotopes into newly synthetized DNA and its separation on a density gradient 16 . (nature.com)

[ 10 ] In general, these assays depend on an antibody that recognizes 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 in equimolar proportions and the competitive displacement of tracer 25(OH)D (25(OH)D that has been tagged with a radioactive isotope such as 125-I or a chemiluminescent ligand) by acetonitrile extracted samples. (medscape.com)

EMDs, particularly compound-specific isotope analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, are increasingly used in environmental site characterization and remediation, notably for chlorinated solvents and perchlorate. (serdp-estcp.org)

We offer services in steady state profiling, in vitro and in vivo stable isotope tracing, absolute quantitation, and trace metal analysis. (cuanschutz.edu)

The reason is that if a molecule hits another molecule or a hot wall its internal states, usually vibrations, can get excited. (ssvconference.com)

Researchers measuring the ratios of sulfur isotopes in a rock sample can learn whether the sulfur was magma from deep below the surface, atmospheric sulfur dioxide or a related compound, or a product of biological activity. (astronomy.com)
Plot of 12C/ 13C isotope ratios as a function of Galactocentric distance, RGC (kpc). (astrobiology.com)
For methane originating in the subsurface, these two stable isotope ratios are always negative. (dunnhydrogeo.com)

2011), and complex organic molecules (Halfen et al. (astrobiology.com)
Innotope has a profound organic synthesis knowledge to support you throughout custom small molecule synthesis projects. (innotope.at)
Research programs in our group aim at the understanding of the mechanism of action of small organic molecules that elicit significant biological responses upon their interactions with biological macromolecules. (umich.edu)
These organic molecules include active forms of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), DNA-cleaving natural products, and glycoconjugate molecules. (umich.edu)

These techniques focus on the analysis of stable isotopes and biological molecules such as DNA or enzymes. (serdp-estcp.org)
Chemical synthesis is essential for creating small molecules that selectively bind to specific biological targets, aiding in the understanding of biological processes and disease mechanisms. (popherald.com)
The University of Colorado School of Medicine Metabolomics Core utilizes high throughput mass spectrometry-based approaches to profile small molecule metabolites in diverse and complex biological samples. (cuanschutz.edu)
The significance of these stable isotopes is that the molecules of methane that contain the heavier isotopes behave slightly differently in chemical and biological reactions than ordinary molecules that do not contain the isotopes. (dunnhydrogeo.com)
The mass differences between isotopes leads to quantifiable kinetic- or mass dependent fractionation that is characteristic of the biological, chemical or physical history of a sample. (lu.se)

Do you want to analyze large molecules, like proteins and peptides, or acquire small, aqueous-molecule data? (chromatographyonline.com)

Contains experimentally-derived protein half-life data obtained using stable isotope labeling by amino acids (SILAC) coupled with mass spectrometry. (yeastgenome.org)
Absolute quantification with mass spectrometry and isotope labelled internal standards has found broad applications in biomedical research. (nist.gov)
The CUBES-SIL has three magnetic sector, gas-source, isotope ratio mass spectrometers with various peripherals and custom-built inlet systems. (colorado.edu)
There is twice as much mass of hydrogen as oxygen in each molecule. (achievingthedream.org)
Isotope ration mass spectrometry was used to quantify metabolically produced nitrogen-15. (cdc.gov)
Gas-Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (G-IRMS) allows the precise measurement of mixtures of naturally occurring light stables isotopes. (lu.se)

The key objectives of this project were as follows: (1) to validate the combined use of Cl and O stable isotope ratio analysis as a forensic tool to distinguish sources of perchlorate in groundwater, and (2) to demonstrate the isotopic techniques as a method to verify perchlorate biodegradation in the field. (serdp-estcp.org)
Stable isotope ratio analysis of chlorine and oxygen in the perchlorate molecule were employed as the primary forensic tool to identify perchlorate from different sources. (serdp-estcp.org)
Experiments to date indicate that post depositional modification by biodegradation causes a reproducible fractionation factor ratio between O and Cl isotopes in perchlorate ( ε 18 O/ ε 37 Cl = 2.5) that is roughly perpendicular to the area in which mixtures of synthetic and Chilean ClO 4 - plot in dual isotope plots. (serdp-estcp.org)
The ubiquity of molecules containing carbon in the ISM has turned the determination of the ratio between the abundances of carbon's two stable isotopes, 12C/13C, into a cornerstone for Galactic chemical evolution studies. (astrobiology.com)
Whilst displaying a rising gradient with Galactocentric distance, this ratio, when measured using observations of different molecules (CO, H2CO, and others) shows systematic variations depending on the tracer used. (astrobiology.com)
Formed from C+ either via UV-driven or turbulence-driven chemistry, CH reflects the fractionation of C+, and does not show any significant fractionation effects unlike other molecules previously used to determine the 12C/13C isotopic ratio which make it an ideal tracer for the 12C/13C ratio throughout the Galaxy. (astrobiology.com)

The CU Boulder Earth Systems Stable Isotope Lab (CUBES-SIL) provides cutting-edge capabilities for measuring the carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope composition of various molecules and materials. (colorado.edu)
Both the carbon and the hydrogen in methane contain stable isotopes that yield information on the source of the methane. (dunnhydrogeo.com)

Chemical formulae can fully specify the structure of only the simplest of molecules and chemical substances, and are generally more limited in power than chemical names and structural formulae. (wikipedia.org)
For reasons of structural complexity, a single condensed chemical formula (or semi-structural formula) may correspond to different molecules, known as isomers. (wikipedia.org)
When the chemical compound of the formula consists of simple molecules, chemical formulae often employ ways to suggest the structure of the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
For simple molecules, a condensed (or semi-structural) formula is a type of chemical formula that may fully imply a correct structural formula. (wikipedia.org)
These observed inconsistencies may arise from optical depth effects, chemical fractionation or isotope-selective photo-dissociation. (astrobiology.com)

Molecular formulae indicate the simple numbers of each type of atom in a molecule, with no information on structure. (wikipedia.org)
Incubations of nitrite and nitric- oxide molecules with bacteria produced nitrogen gas that contained a nitrogen atom from both nitrite and nitric- oxide molecules. (cdc.gov)
The 18O2 stable isotope labeling experiments confirmed that the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group of 3HDPA came from dioxygen molecule rather than water. (bvsalud.org)

Sulfur is also chemically versatile, interacting with many other elements, and each type of interaction distributes sulfur isotopes in a different way. (astronomy.com)
Once the active fluorine is chemically bound the resulting molecule is generally stable and unreactive. (jrank.org)
All isotopes of an element, even those that are radioactive, react chemically in the same way. (cdc.gov)

These include the use of value-assigned serum as calibrators and stable isotope-labeled (SIL) peptide analogs as internal standards. (cdc.gov)

In this work, we use isotope incorporation within DNA molecules to model taxon-specific population growth in the presence of 18 O-labeled water. (osti.gov)

In a study completed in August of 2009, stable isotopes were used to measure how well participants' bodies were able to change nitrogen to urea. (nucdf.org)
Studies on the metabolism of nitrous - oxide (10102439) were conducted using nitrous - oxide labeled with the stable isotope nitrogen-15. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, it rigorously constrains temperature without needing to know the oxygen isotope composition of water, or anything else besides carbonate). (caltech.edu)

All nuclei can be given a position in a nu- clear chart based on their number of neutrons, N and protons, Z. The light stable nuclei follow the line of stability, where N Z. Heavier nuclei tend to have more neutrons than protons, to damp out the increasing electrostatic repulsion between the protons, i.e to be stable. (lu.se)
Through experiments it was discovered that nuclei having certain numbers of protons and neutrons are more stable than their neighbors on the nuclidic chart. (lu.se)

Sulfur has four naturally occurring stable isotopes, or different forms of the element, each with its own atomic signature. (astronomy.com)
Naturally occurring Rubidium have 2 isotopes 85Rb (73%) and 87Rb (27%), but we are going to use cells that contain either pure 85 or 87 Rubidium. (lu.se)

But consider another (imaginary) stable isotope - call it X - which requires more kinetic energy for its creation and is also more unstable to photodissociation. (stackexchange.com)
begingroup$ @MartinKochanski: Technically, yes, this quote does not fully eliminate stable isotopes not occurring in nature (although it does touch the question, at least in the part related to the 24 synthetic elements not occurring in nature: if an element is unstable, that means all its isotopes are unstable). (stackexchange.com)
The element rhenium (Re) exists as two stable isotopes and 18 unstable isotopes. (achievingthedream.org)

NMR, water molecules can be monitored selectively in systems of arbitrary complexity and the single-molecule rotational correlation time t can be accurately determined from spin relaxation experiments.7 Provided that solute-water hydrogen exchange is not an issue, 2H NMR can be used in the same way. (lu.se)
This has been established by experiments on simple model interfaces1,2 and by molecular dynamics simulations.8-10 Given an estimate of the number (nH) of water molecules in the hydration layer, e.g. from a simulation, we can obtain, in an essentially model-free way, the rotational correlation time htHi averaged over all sites in the hydration layer. (lu.se)

This differs in important waysfrom Urey's classic carbonate-water oxygen isotope thermometer (or similar ones based on other set ofs phases. (caltech.edu)

EDIT(06/07/2016): see also the table of natural abundance of stable nuclides at https://www.ncsu.edu/chemistry/msf/pdf/IsotopicMass_NaturalAbundance.pdf (if an element does not have stable nuclides, they give data for the longest-living isotope). (stackexchange.com)

As with the other halogens, fluorine occurs as a diatomic molecule, F2, in its elemental form. (cdc.gov)

Stable isotopes are very small particles already in the body in small amounts. (nucdf.org)
The structure of isotopes is slightly different from other molecules, so by giving a small amount through an infusion into a vein, researchers are able follow them as they go through the urea cycle. (nucdf.org)
Molecular numbers of apoA-I, apoA-II, and eight major lipid classes were determined in each subpopulation by LC/MS. The average number of lipid molecules decreased from 422 in the large spherical alpha-1 particles to 57 in the small discoid prebeta-1 particles. (cdc.gov)
Other examples of small energy effects that could be measured in a similar way are isotope shifts (see figure 2 below) and Zeeman splittings in external magnetic fields. (lu.se)

Uranium for the first atomic bomb and for nuclear reactors was enriched in the 235 isotope, as compared to the more abundant 238 isotope, by gaseous diffusion . (jrank.org)

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is the tenth most abundant molecule in earth's atmosphere, and the second most abundant reduced gas, after methane. (caltech.edu)

By comparing the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in water molecules from precipitation and groundwater, it was found that groundwater recharge occurs disproportionately from heavy rainfalls. (phys.org)
Believe it or not this is possible by analyzing stable isotopes of water. (crimesceneinvestigatoredu.org)
Water is two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen: H 2 0. (crimesceneinvestigatoredu.org)

Gases can become conductors when it contains sufficient energy to become ionized or if it contains particles of material which are more conductive than air molecule. (ssvconference.com)

Through this study, researchers will studied the production of nitric oxide in people with citrullinemia type 1 using stable isotopes. (nucdf.org)

According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_element , all stable isotopes created artificially can also be found in nature (I don't have a more reliable source). (stackexchange.com)

This means gas particles will acquire enough velocity and hence kinetic energy for the ionization of other molecules. (ssvconference.com)

Isotopes are forms of the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons within the nucleus. (cdc.gov)

By applying this model to phylogenetic marker sequencing data collected from stable-isotope probing studies, we estimate rates of growth, mortality, and turnover for individual microbial populations within soil assemblages. (osti.gov)

Chapuy et al reported an inverse correlation between serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and serum 25(OH)D. Serum iPTH held a stable plateau level when serum 25(OH)D values exceeded 31 ng/mL (78 nmol/L) but started to rise when the serum 25(OH)D values fell below this level. (medscape.com)

Using state-of-the-art techniques to track the sulfur isotopes in samples from the martian meteorites, the researchers were able to identify some sulfur as a product of photochemical processes in the martian atmosphere. (astronomy.com)

An alternative proposal involves interaction between an impinging molecule and species already adsorbed on the surface. (britannica.com)

however, we know little about the methods these fungi employ to extract nutrients from complex molecules. (lu.se)

Volcanoes also vented sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, where it interacted with light, reacted with other molecules, and settled on the surface. (astronomy.com)

These data have been normalized and converted to a common unit of molecules per cell. (yeastgenome.org)

The 13 C / 15 N / 2 H-stable isotope labeled RNA phosphoramidites and triphosphates provided by innotope can be utilized to produce tailor made RNA oligonucleotides with the optimized isotope labeling pattern for follow up applications. (innotope.at)

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