Penicillin G exerts a bactericidal action against penicillin-susceptible microorganisms during the stage of active multiplication. (druglib.com)
This procedure uses paper discs impregnated with 10 units penicillin to test the susceptibility of microorganisms to penicillin G benzathine injectable solution. (druglib.com)
This drug is indicated in the treatment of moderately severe infections due to penicillin-G-susceptible microorganisms that are susceptible to serum levels common to this particular dosage form. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
Bactericidal action1
In 1939, Australian scientist Howard Walter Florey and a team of researchers ( Ernst Boris Chain , A. D. Gardner , Norman Heatley, M. Jennings, J. Orr-Ewing and G. Sanders) at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford made significant progress in showing the in vivo bactericidal action of penicillin. (wikidoc.org)
Penicillin G benzathine has an extremely low solubility and, thus, the drug is slowly released from intramuscular injection sites. (druglib.com)
Intramuscular administration of 300,000 units of penicillin G benzathine in adults results in blood levels of 0.03 to 0.05 units per mL, which are maintained for 4 to 5 days. (druglib.com)
A number of natural penicillins have been discovered, but only two purified compounds are in clinical use: penicillin G (intramuscular or intravenous use) and penicillin V (given by mouth). (wikipedia.org)
Sodium5
Bicillin L-A contains penicillin G benzathine in aqueous suspension with sodium citrate buffer and, as w/v, approximately 0.5% lecithin, 0.6% carboxymethylcellulose, 0.6% povidone, 0.1% methylparaben, and 0.01% propylparaben. (druglib.com)
Penicillin G sodium or potassium is recommended for streptococcal infections with bacteremia. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
NOTE: Severe pneumonia, empyema, bacteremia, pericarditis, meningitis, peritonitis, and arthritis of pneumococcal etiology are better treated with penicillin G sodium or potassium during the acute stage. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
Cloxacillin Benzathine is a low solubility salt of the semi-synthetic penicillin Cloxacillin, which is classified in the same group as penicillins, but in the subgroup of penicillins resistant to penicillinase. (vetnil.com.br)
Alexander Fleming3
Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming as a crude extract of P. rubens. (wikipedia.org)
The discovery of penicillin is usually attributed to Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928, though others had earlier noted the antibacterial effects of Penicillium . (wikidoc.org)
Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) discovered modern day penicillin in 1928, the widespread use of which proved significantly beneficial during wartime. (mdwiki.org)
Fleming first used the purified penicillin to treat streptococcal meningitis in 1942. (wikipedia.org)
Fleming explained in his 1929 paper in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology that "to avoid the repetition of the rather cumbersome phrase 'Mould broth filtrate', the name 'penicillin' will be used. (wikipedia.org)
Fleming's original strain of Penicillium rubens produces principally penicillin F, named after Fleming. (wikipedia.org)
Fleming coined the term "penicillin" to describe the filtrate of a broth culture of the Penicillium mold. (wikidoc.org)
[1] After further experiments, Fleming was convinced that penicillin could not last long enough in the human body to kill pathogenic bacteria and stopped studying penicillin after 1931, but restarted some clinical trials in 1934 and continued to try to get someone to purify it until 1940. (wikidoc.org)
Chemically2
Penicillin G benzathine is prepared by the reaction of dibenzylethylene diamine with two molecules of penicillin G. It is chemically designated as (2 S , 5 R , 6 R )-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid compound with N,N ' - dibenzylethylenediamine (2:1), tetrahydrate. (druglib.com)
Other named constituents of natural Penicillium, such as penicillin A, were subsequently found not to have antibiotic activity and are not chemically related to antibiotic penicillins. (wikipedia.org)
Resistant1
Penicillin is not active against penicillinase-producing bacteria or against organisms resistant to beta-lactams because of alterations in the penicillin-binding proteins. (druglib.com)
Broader1
Several semisynthetic penicillins are effective against a broader spectrum of bacteria: these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins, and antipseudomonal penicillins. (wikipedia.org)
Unstable1
But penicillin F is unstable, difficult to isolate, and produced by the mould in small quantities. (wikipedia.org)
The drug is hydrolyzed to penicillin G. This combination of hydrolysis and slow absorption results in blood serum levels much lower but much more prolonged than other parenteral penicillins. (druglib.com)
Sometimes various globular proteins embedded in the matrix function as receptors and help transport molecules across the membrane. (msdmanuals.com)
Bacterial2
Penicillins were among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. (wikipedia.org)
Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN ) refers to a group of beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive , organisms. (wikidoc.org)
Penicillium7
Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens. (wikipedia.org)
The term "penicillin" is defined as the natural product of Penicillium mould with antimicrobial activity. (wikipedia.org)
I simply followed perfectly orthodox lines and coined a word which explained that the substance penicillin was derived from a plant of the genus Penicillium just as many years ago the word "Digitalin" was invented for a substance derived from the plant Digitalis. (wikipedia.org)
Like most natural products, penicillin is present in Penicillium moulds as a mixture of active constituents (gentamicin is another example of a natural product that is an ill-defined mixture of active components). (wikipedia.org)
The principal active components of Penicillium are listed in the following table: Other minor active components of Penicillium include penicillin O, penicillin U1, and penicillin U6. (wikipedia.org)
The precise constitution of the penicillin extracted depends on the species of Penicillium mould used and on the nutrient media used to culture the mould. (wikipedia.org)
The principal commercial strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (the Peoria strain) produces penicillin G as the principal component when corn steep liquor is used as the culture medium. (wikipedia.org)
Successfully2
Fleming's student Cecil George Paine was the first to successfully use penicillin to treat eye infection (neonatal conjunctivitis) in 1930. (wikipedia.org)
On March 3, 1942 John Bumstead and Orvan Hess became the first in the world to successfully treat a patient using penicillin. (wikidoc.org)
Acute1
Immune molecules appear to contribute to the acute inflammatory disease stage of ARF, as well as cardiac remodeling, stenosis, and ultimately valve dysfunction in RHD. (medscape.com)
Groups1
A Epic opportunity of problem prophylaxis may divide a countless flora as penicillin in these groups( 146). (onlinemedsupplies.com)
Drug2
Availability was severely limited, however, by the difficulty of manufacturing large quantities of penicillin and by the rapid renal clearance of the drug necessitating frequent dosing. (wikidoc.org)
Cell membranes are biologic barriers that selectively inhibit passage of drug molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
USAGE2
Penicillin has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following bacteria, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section. (druglib.com)
Sometimes, the term antibiotic -literally "opposing life", from the Greek roots ἀντι anti , "against" and βίος bios , "life"-is broadly used to refer to any substance used against microbes , but in the usual medical usage, antibiotics (such as penicillin ) are those produced naturally (by one microorganism fighting another), whereas nonantibiotic antibacterials (such as sulfonamides and antiseptics ) are fully synthetic . (mdwiki.org)
Active2
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In the non-lactating mammary gland, Anamastit® S provides levels of the active ingredient for a long period of time, once, in addition to Cloxacillin Benzathine, the product has a vehicle that provides the formulation with a slow and gradual release of the antibiotic. (vetnil.com.br)
Research2
The purified compound (penicillin F) was isolated in 1940 by a research team led by Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain at the University of Oxford. (wikipedia.org)
The research of non-Indigenous Kenyan molecules, in elementary, should be been if that produced as pretty wanted treated. (1a-hotel.com)
Found2
Even in these early stages, penicillin was found to be most effective against Gram-positive bacteria, and ineffective against Gram-negative organisms and fungi. (wikidoc.org)
A mouldy cantaloupe in a Peoria market in 1941 was found to contain the best and highest quality penicillin after a world-wide search. (wikidoc.org)
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This was not a satisfactory solution, however, so researchers looked for a way to slow penicillin secretion. (wikidoc.org)
Treat1
Their attempts to treat humans failed due to insufficient volumes of penicillin (the first patient treated was Reserve Constable Albert Alexander ), but they proved its harmlessness and effect on mice. (wikidoc.org)
Skin1
Ten percent of the population claims penicillin allergies but because the frequency of positive skin test results decreases by 10% with each year of avoidance, 90% of these patients can eventually tolerate penicillin. (wikipedia.org)
Major1
ERAP1 is a gene that encodes an endoplasmic reticulum amino peptidase, which acts on amino acid terminals in peptides that are then involved in HLA class I molecules, affecting their length for optimum major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I binding. (medscape.com)
Hours1
Penicillins are actively secreted and about 80% of a penicillin dose is cleared within three to four hours of administration. (wikidoc.org)
Culture1
When phenoxyethanol or phenoxyacetic acid are added to the culture medium, the mould produces penicillin V as the main penicillin instead. (wikipedia.org)
Patients1
During those times it became common procedure to collect the urine from patients being treated so that the penicillin could be isolated and reused. (wikidoc.org)